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PubMed1975

The relation of worm burden to passage of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in the urine of infected patients.

Patients scheduled for cystectomy for bladder carcinoma or exstrophy of the bladder were studied. The number of eggs per day passed in the urine preoperatively was compared with the number of worms recovered from the cystectomy specimen by dissection. A mean of 203 embryonated Schistosoma haematobium eggs per day per worm pair were recovered from the urine of active, untreated cases. The relation between the number of S. haematobium females recovered and the number of living eggs passed in the urine was questionably significant. The correlation between S. haematobium females and all eggs (living and dead) passed in the urine was somewhat better. Several S. mansoni females were recovered from one specimen. This patient passed 139 embryonated S. mansoni eggs per day in the urine for each female worm recovered. Only one active case, treated 6 weeks before operation, might have been missed on routine parasitological examination of the urine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A chicken model to study the embryology of cloacal exstrophy.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The embryology of bladder and cloacal exstrophy is a mystery. Reasons for this are the lack of human embryos showing these malformations as well as the scarcity of appropriate animal models. Here, the authors present cases of cloacal exstrophies found in chick embryos subsequent to the application of suramin and trypan blue. This animal model might facilitate insight into the embryology of cloacal exstrophy. METHODS: Fertilized chicken eggs were incubated at 38 degrees C and 75% humidity. Embryos were treated in ovo on incubation day 3. The egg shell was windowed, and solutions of suramin (stage 13, 2 x 40 microL/0.2%) or trypan blue (stage 14, 2 x 80 microL/0.03%) were injected into the coelomic cavity. The window was closed, and the embryos were reincubated until examination on incubation day 8. Fifty embryos were treated in each group. RESULTS: Among the surviving embryos, cloacal exstrophy was found in 2 cases in the suramin-treated group (2 of 29, 6.9%) and in 4 cases in the trypan blue-treated group (4 of 20, 20%). CONCLUSIONS: Suramin and trypan blue can induce cloacal exstrophy in chick embryos. The authors now are modifying their experimental protocols to increase the incidence of this malformation. This model might facilitate studies on the morphogenesis of cloacal exstrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

OEIS complex with craniofacial anomalies--defect of blastogenesis?

We report on a 31-week fetus with hydrocephalus, hypertelorism, microtia, short neck, vertebral and rib defects, scoliosis, omphalocele, exstrophy of bladder, absent external genitalia and pubic rami, imperforate anus, diaphragmatic hernia, defective lobulation of lungs, single kidney, bicornuate uterus, and flexion deformities of the limbs. Similar extensive anomalies in the rostral and caudal regions were described by Russell et al. [Pediatrics, 67:176-182, 1981] and Stewart et al. [Am J Med Genet, 45:426-429, 1993]. The patients described by them had a combination of the oculo-auriculo-vertebral sequence (OAV) and caudal deficiency sequence, whereas the patient reported here can best be described as a combination of OAV and OEIS (omphalocele, exstrophy of bladder, imperforate anus, spinal defects) complexes. The widespread malformations seen in our patient may be the result of an error during blastogenesis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

Transformation of the Bricker to a continent urinary reservoir to eliminate severe complications of uretero-ileostomy performed in eight patients among 200 Bricker.

Between 1969 and 1994 urinary diversion via the ileal loop (Bricker's operation) was performed in 200 patients. After introduction of methods of continent urinary diversion into clinical practice, some of young patients operated in childhood for congenital lower urinary tract malformations demanded the conversion of the primary diversion. The decision was influenced, however, not only by subjective complaints but also by severe complications having relation to the long-lasting presence of stoma. A modified Mainz pouch I, with a catheterizable stoma was constructed in 6 patients with primary uretero-ileostomy made 7 to 22 years prior to conversion because of exstrophy of the urinary bladder or a neurogenic bladder with total urine incontinence. The ileal loop used for uretero-ileostomy was detubularized or combined with additional segments of ileum and colon. The ileal stoma was connected to the umbilicus. In other two patients suffering from a neurogenic bladder the uretero-ileostomy was converted to an orthotopic ileal pouch. The authors present long-term results (1.5 to 7 years) of follow-up with urodynamic and radiological evaluation. The results both compensate the urologist's efforts and enhance the patient's quality of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Tubular duplication of the hindgut with genitourinary anomalies.

Hindgut duplication including the colon and rectum as well as the genital and urinary organs are extremely rare. Only a few cases are noted in the medical literature. In this report, a newborn with exstrophy of the urinary bladder, double vagina and uterus, double anus, and complete duplication of rectum and colon with malrotation is presented.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗