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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Treatment of triplane fractures of the head of the proximal phalanx.

We report the morphology and treatment of 2 cases of a triplane intra-articular bicondylar fracture of the head of the proximal phalanx. Fracture lines in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes characterize this fracture, making it highly unstable. Open reduction and internal fixation using two 1.5-mm interfragmentary screws oriented in a dorsal to volar direction resulted in anatomic restoration of the articular surfaces and satisfactory functional results. In 1 case, autogenous cancellous bone graft was harvested from the ipsilateral radial styloid to support the articular fragments.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

Fibrin glue fixation of a digital osteochondral fracture: case report and review of the literature.

Surgical treatment options for digital osteochondral fractures are limited by the small amount of bone available for fixation and the propensity for digital stiffness with the introduction of hardware. Fibrin sealant is used in a variety of clinical settings as a biologic bonding agent and may circumvent the drawbacks of traditional fixation or simple excision for certain digital osteochondral injuries. Successful use of fibrin sealant fixation for a patient with an osteochondral fracture involving the proximal interphalangeal joint is documented, and the literature on fibrin sealant for osseous fixation is reviewed.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2001

In memory of a legendary athlete: measured success in diabetic nephropathy.

Historically diabetic nephropathy has been a devastating complication of both type I and type II diabetes. The past 2 decades have seen enormous conceptual advances in understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The genetic determinants of diabetic renal disease have also been elucidated as well as biochemical events and cytokine interactions. Most importantly, key clinical trials have identified therapeutic interventions which can slow or halt the progression of diabetic nephropathy, specifically the therapeutic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and intensive blood sugar control. Multiple treatment modalities for patients once they reach end-stage renal disease are also available and great strides have been improving outcomes in these areas as well.

Baseball↗
PubMed1983

[Contusion-suction trauma after globe injuries].

An analysis of ball injuries treated during the last 3 years at Münster University Eye Hospital revealed a difference in the kind of traumata caused by air-filled balls and by solid, inelastic balls. The pathomechanism of a "contusion-suction trauma" is discussed; this would offer a satisfactory explanation not only for injuries of the anterior segment, but also for retinal changes at the outer periphery and the posterior pole.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Sports injuries in children. Necessary consequence of competition?

Evaluation of the benefits and risks of organized children's sports is difficult, but even play activities carry risks. The benefits of participation--eg, physical conditioning, accomplishment, and enjoyment--need to be weighed against the physical and/or psychological disadvantages. Social consciousness has been raised, studies are under way, and statistics are accumulating. Physicians, school and legislative advisers, and concerned parents all have a responsibility to promote safety, to provide appropriate care, and to prevent psychological harm.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1981

Biochemical variability in a tem sports situation.

Using 13 members of an amateur softball team during the last seven games of the regular season, associations were determined between overall offensive and defensive performance and levels of serum uric acid (SUA) and cholesterol, and urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline. Skilled players were found to have significantly lower cholesterol and noradrenaline levels than less skilled players whether the games were won or lost. Adrenaline and SUA levels did not differ between the two groups nor between losing or winning outcomes. The elevated cholesterol and noradrenaline levels found among the less skilled players may indicate that although they were stressed by the discrepancy between their expectations and their performance, they nonetheless maintained perceived control over performance because of the social support and reinforcement received from the other players and the coach.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Examination of the psychometric properties of the perceived motivational climate in sport questionnaire-2 in a sample of female athletes.

We undertook two studies to determine the validity and reliability of the revised Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2). In Study 1, 201 female athletes (mean age 16.4 years) were administered the initial version of the PMCSQ-2 and a measure of reported tension and pressure experienced in sport. Exploratory principal component analysis suggested that the PMCSQ-2 contained two higher-order scales (Task-Involving and Ego-Involving climates), each with three subscales (Task: Cooperative Learning, Effort/ Improvement, Important Role; Ego: Intra-Team Member Rivalry, Unequal Recognition, Punishment for Mistakes). In Study 2, 385 female volleyball players (mean age 15.2 years) completed the PMCSQ-2, the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory and a measure of Team Satisfaction. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to six competing models. The oblique six-factor model and oblique hierarchical model provided comparable fit to the data. Acceptable fit was reached based on model respecification. Across Studies 1 and 2, internal consistency was found to be acceptable for the higher-order scales and subscales (with the exception of the Intra-Team Member Rivalry subscale). We found evidence for the concurrent validity of the instrument.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Finger flexion does not contribute to ball speed in overarm throws.

The aim of this study was to determine whether, in overarm throws made by recreational ball players, the fingers undergo flexion movement before ball release and thereby contribute to the generation of ball speed. To obtain the high resolution needed to answer this question, the magnetic-field search-coil technique was used and the data were sampled at 1000 Hz. The subjects, who were either seated or were standing, threw tennis balls at different speeds at a target 3 m away. Angular positions in three dimensions were simultaneously recorded of the distal phalanx of the middle finger and hand and, in additional experiments to determine the mechanism of ball release in more detail, three middle finger phalanges and the hand. Different phases of ball release were determined by pressure-sensitive microswitches on the proximal and distal phalanges of the middle finger. Irrespective of whether the subjects were seated or were standing, for all throws at all speeds, finger flexion did not occur before ball release. That is, up until final release of the ball, the fingers only underwent extension associated with hand opening. For fast throws, at the instant of final ball release the fingers began to flex, presumably as a result of reactive forces associated with release of the ball. Thus, in overarm throws made by recreational ball players, finger flexion movement does not appear to contribute to the generation of ball speed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Visual factors in hitting and catching.

To hit or catch an approaching ball, it is necessary to move a bat or hand to the right place at the right time. The performance of top sports players is remarkable: positional errors of less than 5 cm and temporal errors of less than 2 or 3 ms are reliably maintained. There are three schools of thought about how this is achieved. One holds that predictive visual information about where the ball will be at some future instance (when) is used to achieve the hit or catch. The second holds that the bat or hand is moved to the correct position by exploiting some relation between visual information and the required movement. The third focuses on the use of prior knowledge to supplement inadequate visual information. For a rigid spherical ball travelling at constant speed along or close to the line of sight, the retinal images contain both binocular and monocular correlates of the ball's instantaneous direction of motion in depth. Also, the retinal images contain both binocular and monocular information about time of arrival. Humans can unconfound and use this visual information, but they are unable to estimate the absolute distance of the ball or its approach speed other than crudely. In cricket, this visual inadequacy allows a slow bowler to cause the batsman to misjudge where the ball will hit the ground. Such a bowler uses a three-pronged strategy: first, to deliver the ball in such a way as to prevent the batsman from obtaining the necessary visual information until it is too late to react; secondly, to force the batsman to rely entirely on inadequate retinal image information; thirdly, to allow the batsman to learn a particular relationship between the early part of the ball's flight and the point where the ball hits the ground, and then to change the relationship with such skill that the batsman does not detect the change.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Modeling effects on children's form kinematics, performance outcome, and cognitive recognition of a sport skill: an integrated perspective.

This study examined the effectiveness of visual and verbal models during the initial phase of complex sport skill acquisition in children. Thirty-six girls between the ages of 7-0 and 8-11 years were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions in a 3 x 4 (Model Type x Trial Block) factorial design. A visual model performing an underhand modified softball pitch was viewed prior to each of four blocks of five practice trials. Verbal performance cues were added to the model at the second, third, or fourth trial block, according to the experimental condition. A multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant trial block main effect, with subjects showing improved matching of form kinematics to the model with increasing trials but no differences in performance outcome. More dramatic changes coincident with the addition of verbal cues were observed for some kinematic variables. Children exhibited better cognitive recognition of correct form as a function of increased exposure to the visual model.

Analysis of Variance↗