Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Autacoids”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Mediator concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with mild asymptomatic bronchial asthma.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on 11 atopic patients with mild asymptomatic bronchial asthma and 11 healthy nonasthmatic volunteers. All asthmatic subjects had evidence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to inhaled carbachol. The concentrations of leukotriene (LT) C4, LTD4, LTE4, LTB4, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), platelet-activating factor (PAF) and histamine in BAL fluid measured. The leukotrienes were measured by radioimmunoassay following reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. PGD2 concentrations were determined by radio immunoassay after Amprep C2 extraction. PAF was quantitated by means of in vitro aggregation of rabbit platelets and histamine content was measured using a single isotope radio-enzymatic assay. There was an increase in the levels of PGD2 and a decrease in the concentration of LTB4 in asthmatic lavage samples. There were no significant differences in the lavage concentrations of LTC4/D4/E4 and histamine between the two groups of individuals. PAF was undetectable.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Generation of a small cell lung cancer variant resistant to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells: association with resistance to a LAK cell-derived, cytostatic factor.

Cells of OS2-RA, a human small cell lung cancer line sensitive to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, were repeatedly cocultured with human LAK cells. Fourteen cycles of the coculture produced a variant, termed OS2-RA-R, capable of growing successfully in the presence of LAK cells. OS2-RA-R showed a moderate resistance to lysis by LAK cells in 4-h 51Cr release assays. OS2-RA-R acted positively as a cold target for lysis of OS2-RA by LAK cells, suggesting no loss of the binding site for LAK cells on the cell surface of the variant. On the other hand, LAK cells were shown to produce a factor capable of suppressing the proliferation of OS2-RA and certain other cell lines but not lymphocytes. Interestingly, OS2-RA-R exhibited a substantial resistance to the cytostatic activity of LAK cell supernatants. The cytostatic factor, eluted at the 57-kDa fraction in gel filtration, showed no activity of interleukin 1, gamma-interferon, transforming growth factor beta, or tumor necrosis factor. These results suggest that LAK cells exhibit antitumor activity through not only rapid cytolysis but also slow-acting cytokine production, and the successful growth of OS2-RA-R in a coculture with LAK cells is the result of acquiring resistance to these two different LAK cell phenomena.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Simultaneous measurement of intestinal blood flow and plasma levels of vasoactive substances in a case of early dumping syndrome. Case report.

Increase in intestinal blood flow was observed in a patient with postprandial hypotension. Simultaneous measurement of hemodynamic parameters and plasma levels of gut hormones revealed that the release of various vasoactive substances and resulting vasodilation of abdominal organs were responsible for the vasomotor changes of early dumping syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Leukotrienes and shock].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyraz↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac responses to drugs at the extremes of age.

Although current knowledge concerning drug responsiveness in the human heart is still deficient at both extremes of age, i.e. in the fetus and the elderly, new information is beginning to emerge. Pharmacodynamic studies have provided a fairly comprehensive picture of the appearance and maturation of the automatic receptors, and also of the emergence and development of sympathetic-adrenergic and parasympathetic-cholinergic mechanisms in the prenatal human heart. A timetable can now be drawn up for the earliest detection of intrinsic responsiveness to numerous adrenergic and cholinergic agonists and antagonists, and to inotropic and antiarrhythmic drugs in the human embryonic and fetal heart. Information on the antenatal cardiac pharmacodynamics of antiarrhythmics and inotropic drugs is mostly confined to some of the classical remedies, so that a systematic study of the effects of the various newer drugs is warranted. As legal abortions yield prenatal hearts only in very limited numbers, human embryonic and fetal cardiac tissue and cell cultures could also be used for such research under both physiological and pathological conditions, such as hypoxia or simulated ischemia. Since the sporadic data available on the transplacental efficacy of maternally administered cardioactive agents are encouraging, extensive clinical investigation into the pharmacological control of intrauterine cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure, based on new, high-resolution fetal echocardiographic techniques to monitor the success of drug therapy at the various stages of prenatal development, is also a stimulating challenge. In the elderly human heart, pharmacodynamically-based alterations in responsiveness to drugs have so far been conclusively proven for adrenergic agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic Agonists↗
PubMed1990

[Tiopronin, an example of hydrosulphonated derivatives used in the treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis. Study of immunologic effects].

Fifteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with tiopronine, and an immunological check-up carried out before the onset and after a two-month treatment. The latex test titres decreased, and there was a significant fall in the levels of IgA-containing circulating immune complexes, in parallel with a depletion of plasma complement breakdown products. Patients displayed a decrease in CD8+T cells and in CD4+Leu 8-T cells and a high proportion of activated T lymphocytes. This returned to normal after treatment. Treatment with TP led also to a reduction of adherence and chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Does the general strategy for the treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis need to be reviewed?].

At the start of the nineties, the therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still disappointing, and the natural history of this affection remains only slightly influenced by the treatments; a general re-assessment of the treatment seems therefore justified. Some new slow acting drugs are effective, but they cannot be considered as being therapeutic revolutions: gold salts per os, sulphasalazine, tiopronine whose efficacy is comparable to D-penicillamine without systematic cross interaction, methotrexate, cyclosporin which is difficult to manipulate. These observations encourage the search for new strategies, namely for the early treatment of the synovitis before the pannus and radiological signs appear. For this, the early and irrefutable diagnosis of RA must be made possible; and no completely reliable, early detection test is available yet. Though promising, the new therapeutic approaches, immunomanipulation or cell manipulation, do not revolutionize the evolution of this pathology. Other fields of research need to be developed, namely on the remission-inducing agents observed during pregnancy. It is still impossible to know which approach will provide the absolute weapon against RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1990

Contact lens-induced edema in vitro. Ion transport and metabolic considerations.

The relationship of contact lens-induced edema to epithelial and endothelial function was determined in isolated superfused rabbit corneas. Placement of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) contact lens on the cornea caused swelling rates of 15-28 microns/hr compared to 0-6 microns/hr in paired control corneas. The edema increased with temperature (P less than 0.01). PMMA-induced swelling was significant in: 1) bicarbonate-free Ringer's solution; 2) chloride-free Ringer's; 3) 0.3 mM furosemide-treated corneas; and 4) deepithelialized corneas. The swelling did not occur in corneas with silicone oil replacing the endothelium to block fluid uptake. The effluent aqueous bathing fluid from edematous corneas did not induce edema in normoxic corneas. These studies demonstrate that contact lens-induced edema depends on metabolism, involves a significant stromal contribution, and requires fluid absorption across the endothelial layer, but is not a direct result of epithelial and endothelial ion transport inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Substance P-like peptides and vasopressin release from posterior pituitary lobe incubated in situ after intracarotid injections of hypertonic solution in rats.

The experiments were performed on male rats, drinking 2% NaCl solution ad libitum for 12 days instead of tap water. The pituitary gland was exposed by the transpharyngeal approach under urethane-chloralose anaesthesia. The posterior lobe remained in neural and partial vascular connection with the hypothalamus, whereas the anterior lobe was entirely removed. Samples of the outflow medium from the incubated in situ rat posterior pituitary lobe were collected during 30 min intervals. Substance P-like peptides and vasopressin activities were assayed by the biological tests. Injections of hypertonic solution into the internal carotid artery did not change vasopressin release, but induced an increase in Substance P release from the posterior pituitary lobe into the incubation medium. Under conditions of unexcitability of the osmosensitive cells, triggering vasopressin release, the injection of hypertonic solution into the internal carotid artery stimulated the Substance P-like peptides release from the posterior pituitary lobe.

Animals↗