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Results for “Adrenal Cortex Function Tests”

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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Increased cortisol response to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone in chronically stressed pigs: influence of housing conditions.

In a longitudinal experiment, the influence of tethered housing (a condition of chronic stress) on the reactivity of the adrenal cortex to exogenous ACTH was investigated in gilts. To that end, the plasma cortisol response to synthetic ACTH (1-24; 10 micrograms/kg of BW; i.v. bolus injection via a permanent catheter) was determined before and after prolonged tethered housing. Two systems for tethered housing were used, one more restrictive than the other with regard to possibilities for visual and tactile contacts with conspecifics and visual control over the environment. The ACTH treatment induced a marked, transient plasma cortisol response in all gilts studied, irrespective of their housing conditions. Long-term tethered housing increased the ACTH-induced cortisol response. Possible effects of the experimental procedure or age-related effects could be excluded, because in control gilts, which were housed loose during the entire experimental period, the cortisol response to ACTH remained unaltered. The chronic stress-induced increase in the ACTH-induced cortisol response was considerably more pronounced and persistent in gilts that were deprived of possibilities for social contacts with conspecifics and visual control over the environment than in gilts with such possibilities. These data indicate that in tethered gilts adaptational changes occur at the level of the adrenal cortex that affect the ACTH-induced adrenocortical response. In addition, not only physical restraint but also restriction of social contact and visual control play an important role in the development of these changes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1976

Acute hyperkalemia induced by hyperglycemia: hormonal mechanisms.

Two insulin-requiring diabetics with isolated hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism cpontaneously developed hyperkalemia that was aggravated whenever blood glucose concentration rose. Acute glucose infusions raised the serum potassium concentration in these patients with combined insulin and aldosterone deficiency but lowered, or did not change, the serum potassium concentration in normal subjects and in patients with either aldosterone or insulin deficiency alone. The paradoxical hyperkalemic response to glucose in patients with combined hormonal deficiency was blunted by prior administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate and abolished by prior administration of insulin. Our studies emphasize the crucial roles played by insulin and aldosterone in regulating the serum potassium concentration in man, and the need to avoid hyperglycemia in patients with combined insulin and aldosterone deficiency.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Fecal cortisol metabolite analysis for noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical function in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus).

A radioimmunoassay was validated for quantifying excreted cortisol metabolites in cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) feces. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that immunoreactivity was associated with a water-soluble metabolite in fecal extracts from males and females. None of the immunoreactivity corresponded with free cortisol or corticosterone but rather was associated with a more polar, unidentified metabolite. To determine the biologic relevance of excreted immunoreactive cortisol metabolites, cheetahs were exposed to a variety of situations anticipated to increase cortisol secretion. First, to assess acute changes in adrenal activity, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; 400 IU i.m.) was administered to two adult males and two adult females. Pre-ACTH baseline serum cortisol and fecal cortisol metabolite concentrations varied among individuals. Serum cortisol concentrations were elevated above baseline within 10 min of ACTH injection, followed by corresponding increases in fecal cortisol metabolite concentrations (690-4,194% above baseline) 48 hr later in three of four cheetahs. In the fourth cheetah, a smaller increase (334% above baseline) in fecal cortisol metabolite excretion was observed 96 hr after ACTH injection. Seven cheetah females also were subjected to a variety of potentially stressful manipulations, including immobilization, translocation, and introduction to a male to assess the ability of this technique to detect physiologic changes in adrenal activity. Increased fecal corticoid metabolite excretion was observed 24-72 hr after exposure to these exogenous stressors. Results indicate that adrenocortical activity can be monitored noninvasively in the cheetah through analysis of these metabolites. This technique could be valuable for evaluating, and thus optimizing, environmental and management conditions and for investigating the role of stress in disease pathogenesis and the usually poor reproductive performance of this species in captivity.

Acinonyx↗
PubMed1975

[Effectiveness of prodigiozan in the therapy of chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs].

The efficiency of the Soviet prodigiozan in therapy of chronic non-specific diseases of the lungs (18 cases with bronchial asthma and 26 cases with chronic pneumonia of the 1st and 2nd stages) in the phase of exacerbation was studied. The results of the treatment were estimated by the clinico-roentgenological pictures. The effect of prodigiozan on breathing and the functional state of the adrenal gland was studied in particular. Satisfactory results were obtained in the patients suffering from chronic pneumonia of the 1st and 2nd stages without clinical signs of the bronchial tree affection and in the patients with infection-allergic forms of bronchial asthma. Modest results were observed in the patients suffering from chronic pneumonia of the 1st and 2nd stages with the bronchial tree affection, especially when exacerbated by the asthma syndrome. In some patients the results of the treatment with prodigiozan were not stable. Prodigiozan improved the bronchial permeability, stimulated the sympatho-adrenal system and had no effect on the adrenal cortex.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1976

Biochemical and Clinical Effect of Ovarian Wedge Resection in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Twelve patients with histologically verified polycystic ovary syndrome were investigated with special regard given to the effect of wedge resection on androgen status. Adrenal disorders were excluded in every case by determination of cortisol and corticosterone metabolites. Prior to and at least 6 months after surgery all patients were subjected to adrenal stimulation followed by adrenal suppression and ovarian stimulation. Comparison between pre- and postoperative studies revealed that only an insignificant reduction in the excretion of 17-ketosteroid had occurred and, although at lower levels, the stimulatory effect of hCG on ovarian androgens was still present. Clinically, 10 patients had had regular periods at followup, and 3 had become pregnant. In no case had hair growth slowed, bu the rate had declined. Seemingly, wedge resection does not significantly influence the biochemical pattern connected with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1992

Salivary cortisol in the assessment of adrenocortical function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Adrenocortical function was assessed on the basis of changes in salivary cortisol in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and the findings compared with those in healthy subjects. A method of direct radioimmunoassay of salivary cortisol was standardized and the sensitivity was 0.8 nmol/l. Cortisol levels in saliva were significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy subjects (P less than 0.001). The diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion was disturbed in the patients with a significant increase in salivary cortisol beyond 1800 h. While dexamethasone caused an appreciable suppression (87%), stimulation with ACTH (tetracosactrin) resulted in a marked increase in salivary cortisol, the increase being significantly higher in the healthy subjects than in the patients (P less than 0.001). Attempts to classify subjects as positive or negative responders to tetracosactrin based on increases in salivary cortisol in relation to plasma cortisol changes were however not successful, as the agreement between the two methods ranged from 73 to 80 per cent with various criteria used.

Adrenal Cortex↗