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PubMed1990

Effect of antibodies to human seminal plasma inhibin on spermatogenesis and sperm agglutination in adult male rats.

In vitro incubation of rat epididymal sperm with antiserum to human seminal plasma inhibin (As hSPI) caused agglutination of the sperm. In vivo administration of As hSPI to adult male rats resulted in a significant decrease in testicular as well as epididymal sperm counts. Furthermore, the majority (almost 90%) of the epididymal sperm were agglutinated. When these animals were mated with normal cycling females, significant reduction in fertility was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Modulation of lectin-stimulated lymphocyte agglutination and mitogenesis by estrogen metabolites: effects on early events of lymphocyte activation.

Pharmacological doses of estrogens such as 17-beta estradiol (17-beta E) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) suppress cell-mediated immunity in vivo. In this report, we investigated the direct in vitro effects of 17-beta E and its major metabolites on lymphocyte proliferation in response to the T cell lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA). PHA-induced lymphocyte agglutination, an early event indicative of active, cytoskeletal-dependent membrane alterations, was monitored in conjunction with blastogenesis. Without exception, the effects of individual estrogen metabolites on the PHA-induced agglutination occurring within minutes were accompanied, at every concentration of compound, by equivalent effects on the blastogenic response of activated cells measured after several days. This observation suggested a role for estrogens in modulating lymphocyte activation at the cell surface rather than through cytosolic receptor-mediated events. As suggested by previous studies with quinone metabolites of benzene, the catechol estrogen metabolite 2-OH estrone (2-OH E) was significantly more potent than the parent compound at suppressing lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of a passive microcapsule agglutination test for the screening of human leptospirosis.

Microcapsules, absorbed with two mixed antigens--each composed of 3 sonicated leptospira serovars--were developed in the past as a microcapsule agglutination test (MCA-LS) for the screening of clinical leptospirosis. For this study, fifty serum samples, taken at an earlier and at a later stage of illness from 25 Italian in-patients with clinical symptoms of leptospirosis, were tested with both the MCA-LS one-dilution test and the microscopic agglutination (MA) test, the confirmatory test for leptospirosis, with 18 leptospira strains circulating in Italy. Compared with MA, MCA-LS showed a sensitivity of 91.7%, and a specificity of 92.3%, including leptospirosis not sustained by the diagnostic strains used in the MCA-LS kit.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1990

Introduction of an improved direct agglutination test for the detection of Leishmania infantum infection in southern France.

An improved direct agglutination test (DAT) is assessed for the detection of Leishmania infantum antibodies in man and in the canine reservoir in Southern France. The test performance in 32 human visceral leishmaniasis patients was in agreement with the parasitological diagnosis and the immunofluorescence (IFAT) results. In six patients diagnosed earlier as kala-azar cases, both DAT and IFAT revealed negative results. The specificity of the DAT was reproduced in this study by the absence of cross-reactions with sera from other patients. In the dog reservoir, the DAT results were compared with those obtained by IFAT, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cross-over electrophoresis and the latex agglutination test. All 34 dogs with parasitologically positive lymph node aspirates also had positive DAT titres (less than or equal to 1:640); the sensitivity in the other four tests was relatively low. Positive DAT and IFAT results were found in 16 unconfirmed cases of canine leishmaniasis, most probably due to prepatent L. infantum infections.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1995

Isolation, in vitro culture, ultrastructure study, and characterization by lectin-agglutination tests of Phytomonas isolated from tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cherimoyas (Anona cherimolia) in southeastern Spain.

Plants of Lycopersicon esculentum (grown in greenhouses) and Anona cherimolia cultivated in southeastern Spain were examined for the presence of trypanosomatid flagellates. Kinetoplastid protozoa were found in the fruits but not in the phloem or other plant tissues. Parasites were detected from the onset of fruiting. Isolates were detected from the onset of fruiting. Isolates were adapted to in vitro culturing in monophase media. The form and the structural organization was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The parasites showed an ultrastructural pattern similar to that of other species of the genus Phytomonas. In tomatoes experimentally inoculated with flagellates cultivated in vitro, we observed that the parasites did not lose their infectious capacity. Three strains of trypanosomatids of the genus Phytomonas, isolated from different species of Euphorbia (E. characias and E. hyssopifolia) and from Cocos nucifera, were compared with our isolates by lectin-agglutination tests. Our isolates were different from the two strains isolated from Euphorbia, but with this technique we could not differentiate our isolates from those of the coconut, nor could we differentiate between the isolates, their ultrastructural similarity together with their similar behavior in the lectin-agglutination test suggesting that these isolates have a common origin.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1994

The Eiken Latex test for detection of a cryptococcal antigen in cryptococcosis. Comparison with a monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination test, Pastorex Cryptococcus.

A latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen, the Eiken Latex test (Eiken, Tokyo, Japan), was compared with a monoclonal antibody-based agglutination assay, Pastorex Cryptococcus (Diagnostics Pasteur, Marneur-la-Coquette, France). In a murine model of disseminated cryptococcosis, the kinetics of the antigen titers by the Eiken Latex were similar to those by the Pastorex Cryptococcus, but sensitivity was much higher. In HIV-negative patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, a cryptococcal antigen was detected in 6 of 10 patients by the Eiken Latex test and in only 3 of those patients by the Pastorex Cryptococcus. The results indicate that the Eiken Latex is more sensitive for the detection of the cryptococcal antigen, even in non-disseminated cryptococcosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the Eiken Latex were examined using 195 sera from 25 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and 170 patients with non-cryptococcosis. The cutoff value of > or = 1:8 showed a sensitivity of 76% (19/25) and a specificity of 98.9% (168/170).

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

The effect of influenza virus infection on the agglutinability by concanavalin A of polyoma-transformed BHK-21 cells.

Polyoma-transformed (Py-transformed) BHK-21 cells are agglutinated more readily by Concanavalin A (Con A) after they are infected with influenza virus; this agglutination was only slightly affected by fixation with glutaraldehyde or colchicine treatment. It is suggest that the mechanism is not dependent on membrane fluidity. The same amounts of 125i-labelled Con A were bound after infection with influenza virus and after glutaraldehyde fixation with or without colchicine treatment: it seems therefore that new receptors for Con A are not expressed between 90 and 600 minutes after these cells are infected with influenza virus.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1982

Rapid identification of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli by a receptor-specific particle agglutination test.

Most (greater than 90%) Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis exhibit a specific type of filamentous protein appendage known as P-fimbriae. These fimbriae enable the bacterium to adhere to human uroepithelial cells by the specific recognition of and binding to a particular class of glycosphingolipids correlated to the human P-blood group antigens. In this paper a new method for the rapid and reliable identification of such P-fimbriated pyelonephritogenic bacteria is described. The method is based on particles to which the minimal glycoside receptor structure recognized by P-fimbriae is attached. Mixing these receptor-containing particles with P-fimbriated bacteria results in a strong and immediate agglutination reaction. The specificity and sensitivity of this new particle agglutination test proved to be superior to the haemagglutination assay previously used.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Effects of prednisolone and butyrate on agglutinability of HeLa cells by concanavalin A.

Agglutinability by concanavalin A was measured with HeLa65 cells grown with prednisolone or sodium butyrate, 2 compounds that increase the activity of the carcinoplacental form of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme localized in membranes. Prednisolone enhanced concanavalin A agglutination approximately 3-fold while sodium butyrate had no effect.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1996

Spot agglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of goat pox.

A spot agglutination test was standardised for the rapid diagnosis of goat pox using antigen and antibody systems after being coupled to glutaraldehyde-treated sheep erythrocytes. The sensitivity was comparable to that of counter-immunoelectrophoresis and reverse-phase passive haemagglutination tests. The spot agglutination test was found to be very simple, easy to perform, rapid and economical for the detection of goat pox antigen and antibody and can be performed under field conditions.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1997

Development of a gelatin particle agglutination reagent for measles antibody assay.

A new agglutination test that utilizes gelatin particles as the carrier of measles antigen was developed and used to evaluate immune status to measles virus infection. The particle agglutination (PA) reagent reacted with monoclonal antibodies against two major proteins of measles virus, the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins. Children were followed individually for ten years for measles antibody. Results showed that the PA test was as sensitive and specific as the plaque neutralization test. The procedure is simple and rapid. No prior treatment of specimens is needed, and the test is completed in a single reaction. The PA test therefore can be used for diagnoses and epidemiologic surveys of measles virus infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

Postcoital testing in relation to circulating sperm-agglutinating antibodies in women.

Repeated postcoital tests (PCTs) were evaluated in couples with unexplained infertility, in couples with circulating sperm-agglutinating antibodies of the head-to-head (H-H) or tail-to-tail (T-T) type in serum, and in couples without any antibodies. The results were compared with those of PCTs in the conception cycle from women undergoing gonadotropin treatment for anovulation. Only limited differences in the PCT results were noted between couples with sperm-agglutinating antibodies, couples without such antibodies, and fertile couples.

Anovulation↗
PubMed1987

The effects of aggregated human IgG and IgG-immune complexes on the agglutination of bacteria mediated by non-immunoglobulin salivary agglutinins.

Non-immunoglobulin salivary agglutinins (SBA) for bacteria which bind to Streptococcus milleri TJ7 were isolated from parotid saliva and their interactions with human IgG studied. Purified SBA showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of approx. 500,000. Heat aggregated human IgG (63 degrees C, 30 min), but not native IgG, interacted with SBA and thereby interfered with the ability of the SBA to agglutinate Strep. milleri. Immune complexes prepared from tetanus toxoid and isolated human IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibody also inhibited salivary bacterial agglutination by SBA; antigen (tetanus toxoid) alone or antibody (anti-tetanus toxoid antibody) alone did not have this effect. Direct-binding studies with immobilized SBA on nitrocellulose paper showed that aggregated IgG bound to immobilized SBA and that this binding was inhibited by EDTA. Thus it appears that heat or specific antigen is able to induce an aggregation of IgG which results in the binding of the aggregated form of IgG to SBA.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1978

An evaluation of the tuberculosis agglutination test.

The tuberculosis agglutination titre as described by Nicholls (1975) was measured without prior knowledge of the diagnosis in 27 patients with open pulmonary tuberculosis, 100 patients with other diseases and 14 control patients with no apparent disease. Reproducibility of the test, as judged by repeat estimations on split samples, was poor. When attempting to distinguish between the disease categories the test gave 29% false negatives in patients with tuberculosis and 52% false positives in patients with other disease. Therefore the tuberculosis agglutination titre cannot be recommended for use in distinguishing tuberculosis from other conditions.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of antibodies to leptospirosis in experimentally infected dogs using the microcapsule agglutination test.

Six puppies were infected with a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae and another five animals with a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, respectively. Antibodies were examined at 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 days after infection, using the microcapsule agglutination test (MCAT) and the conventional microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Compared with the MAT, the MCAT detected early specific IgM antibody with high sensitivity. The MCAT titres reached a peak at the 7th day after infection and declined gradually after the 11th day, while the MAT titres increased up to the 14th day.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

Sexual agglutinin of mating-type minus gametes in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. I. Loss and recovery of agglutinability of gametes treated with EDTA.

The effect of EDTA on the mating-type-specific agglutinins located on the flagellar surfaces of Chlamydomonas reinhardii gametes was investigated. The mating-type minus (mt-) gametes lost their agglutinability without apparent loss of motility soon after addition of EDTA at low concentrations (1-2 mM). At the same time, the cells released into the medium agglutinins which can elicit agglutinative responses of mating-type plus (mt+) gametes specifically. When EDTA was neutralized with Mg2+ or removed by centrifugation, the mt- cells quickly replaced agglutinins by protein synthesis: the recovery process was sensitive to cycloheximide, but not to tunicamycin. The EDTA-treated mt+ gametes lost their agglutinins much more slowly than the mt- gametes. The replacement of mt+ agglutinins was inhibited by both cycloheximide and tunicamycin.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1979

Particle counting immunoassay (PACIA). III. Automated determination of circulating immune complexes by inhibition of an agglutinating factor of mouse serum.

A factor capable of agglutinating human IgG coated particles (latex) has been found in mouse serum. This factor (MAG) was used in an unpurified form to detect circulating immune complexes in the particle counting immunoassay (PACIA) system, which allows measurement of agglutination with great precision. MAG did not react with monomeric IgG, nor with reduced and alkylated aggregated IgG. It was inhibited by immune complexes in small antigen excess. Among the various subclasses of IgG, IgA and IgM, only IgG1 and IgM when coupled to Sepharose beads displayed an inhibitory activity towards MAG. That the inhibitory factors detected in serum were immune complexes or aggregated Ig was suggested by the correlation obtained with the amounts of 'heavy' IgG found in the serum samples by Ultrogel chromatography and by the polydisperse distribution of the inhibitory factors in the heavy fraction of gradient ultracentrifugation.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1981

Mixed agglutination on solid phase (MASP) and its inhibition (IMASP): two immunoassays for soluble ABH group-specific substances.

Two immunoassays are described: mixed agglutination on solid phase (MASP) and inhibition of mixed agglutination on solid phase (IMASP). The MASP assay permits detection and measurement of soluble A, B and H high molecular weight glycoproteins in secretor individuals with a sensitivity at least 800 times greater than the usual inhibition technique. Both secretors and non-secretors can be typed by the less sensitive IMASP test which also permits the detection of low molecular weight A, B and H substances.

ABO Blood-Group System↗