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At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Real-time sonography of palpable breast masses.

In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of an electronic real-time linear array scanner in breast diseases, ultrasonography was performed in 148 cases of histologically confirmed palpable breast masses. The real-time images were observed on a television monitor while moving the hand-held transducer probes over the masses. It took only a few minutes to examine and diagnose a palpable mass. Among 45 carcinomas, 39 lesions were correctly diagnosed, four lesions were not detected by ultrasound and two were misdiagnosed as fibroadenomas. On the other hand, ten benign lesions were falsely diagnosed as breast cancers: seven mastopathies (including four sclerosing adenosis), two fibroadenomas and one abscess. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing breast cancer were 0.87 and 0.90 respectively. Real-time sonography is a simple, time-saving and useful tool for examining palpable breast masses. However, it should be realised that some breast cancers are difficult to image and differentiate from benign lesions.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1988

Magnetic resonance imaging of benign ovarian masses.

Forty-one patients with 45 pelvic mass lesions were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All lesions were initially considered to be benign ovarian masses with this diagnosis confirmed in 36 lesions. The characteristics on MRI are analysed and features useful in predicting histological type identified. Our results indicate that a high, though not absolute, level of diagnostic specificity should be obtainable in identification of ovarian pathology.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1994

Expression of stratified squamous epithelia-type cytokeratin by canine mammary epithelial cells during tumorigenesis: type I (acidic) 57 kilodalton cytokeratin could be a molecular marker for malignant transformation of mammary epithelial cells.

Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were established in 20 clones of MAbs generated against cytokeratin fraction extracted from canine squamous cell carcinoma to investigate the expression of intermediate filament proteins during tumorigenesis. These MAbs were confirmed to react with purified cytokeratin by ELISA. One monoclonal antibody, MAb32 reacted all layers of epidermis except the cornified layer and mammary myoepithelial cells but not any epithelial cells. Another antibody named MAb24 exclusively reacted the basal monolayer of epidermis, the stratum germinativum. Any positive reactions with MAb24 were not detected in normal mammary gland. From the analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting, it was revealed that MAb24-recognizing cytokeratin subunit gave a molecular weight of 57 kilodalton and a isoelectric-pH value of pI5.1, indicating type I (acidic) cytokeratin. In intraductal papillomas developed in canine mammary glands, most tumor cells were positively stained with MAb32 in addition of myoepithelial cells while no positive reaction with MAb24 was seen. In ductal carcinomas, MAb24-positive cytokeratin was begun to express by tumor cells with positive reaction of MAb32 where these cells showed infiltrative growth into the stroma. We therefore proposed that 57 kilodalton-type I cytokeratin was a molecular marker for malignant transformation in canine mammary tumor and these antibodies could be useful tools to investigate the change of cytokeratin expression during tumorigenesis.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1977

[Spontaneous tumors in aged SD-JCL rats (author's transl)].

Incidence of spontaneous tumors was examined in 77 male and 73 female SD-JCL rats reared throughout their lifespan of 5 to 36 months. Total tumor incidences were 60% and 95% for males and females, respectively. The sex difference was mostly attributable to a high incidence of mammary tumor in females. The pituitary tumor was found in 30% of males and 66% of females aged 5 to 36 months while islet cell tumor of the pancreas and thyroid tumor occurred later and the incidence of latter was particularly high in rats lived more than 2 years. Myeloid leukemia appeared to occur as early as 5 months of age.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Computerized reconstructive tomography applied to breast pathology.

Breast tumors can be clearly defined from the surrounding breast parenchyma by the use of computerized reconstructive tomography. Certain types of fibrocystic mastitis also can be distinguished from tumors, but other types of fibrous mastitis and probably fibroadenomas may not be distinguishable from tumors unless contrast material is used.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Combined mammographic-sonographic evaluation of breast masses.

Palpable breast masses which have a nondiagnostic appearance on the mammogram often require a biopsy to rule out malignancy. Contact B-scan ultrasonography of such masses were performed in an effort to improve the diagnostic accuracy of mammography and reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. A total of 200 patients with breast masses of 1-8 cm were examined by both methods. The results of this combined evaluation were compared to those of mammography alone. Of 115 pathologically proven lesions, 44 were fluid-filled cysts. Sonography correctly diagnosed all 44 cysts, while mammography was equivocal in 27 (61%) of them. Of the remaining 71 solid masses, 38 were benign and 33 malignant. Mammography alone correctly diagnosed 31 carcinomas (94%), whereas sonography correctly diagnosed 26 (78.8%). While the infiltrating carcinomas have a typical sonographic appearance, circumscribed carcinomas may have the same sonographic features as fibroadenomas; the value of sonography here was to establish whether the mass was solid. In other solid masses such as those produced by dysplasias, abscesses, and mastitis, sonography was helpful in differentiating between diffuse and discrete lesions. The combined mammographic-sonographic evaluation of breast masses was more accurate than either method alone.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Mammographic needle localization of lesions seen in only one view.

A new xeromammographic needle localization technique for occult breast lesions seen on only one view is described, which permitted successful localization of an occult lesion visible only on mediolateral projection. To test its accuracy, the method was also applied to 15 other cases (16 lesions) where the lesion was seen in two views, but localization was performed as if it were seen in one view only. The technique takes advantage of the geometry of x-ray beam angulation and triangulation.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1985

Benign and malignant breast disease: magnetic resonance and radiofrequency pulse sequences.

Thirty patients with suspected abnormality of the breasts on mammography were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a blind fashion. Spin-echo (SE) 250/30 msec scans were used to screen the examined breast. At the location of the suspected abnormality, inversion recovery (IR) 1000/30/300, SE 1000/30, and SE 1000/120 scans were performed. On the basis of these magnetic resonance images and experience with 70 previously studied patients, abnormalities of the breasts were grouped into five patterns. Ten malignant lesions exceeded 1 cm in diameter and were all correctly diagnosed by mammography and MRI. Of the remaining 20 benign conditions, four were suspicious for malignancy on MRI compared to eight with mammography. The shape of the lesion and the change in its signal intensity with different MR radiofrequency pulse sequences allows differentiation between a benign and a malignant process. On the basis of this preliminary experience, it seems MRI may have an adjunctive role to screening mammography. SE 1000/120 scans show higher signal intensity from carcinoma than from normal duct tissue, fibrocystic disease, and fibroadenoma. In this respect, it may allow some tissue specification in the breast.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1986

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of breast disease.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast was performed in 10 volunteers and 102 women with suspected breast disease, using a 0.35-T superconducting magnet. All patients had prior x-ray mammography. MRI was superior to mammography in differentiating solid from cystic lesions and equivalent to mammography in providing information regarding different parenchymal patterns. Of 21 surgically proven carcinomas of the breast, MRI correctly identified 18 and mammography identified 19. The major disadvantage of MRI is its inability to show calcifications, benign or malignant. Future studies will be needed to show the relative values of sonography and MRI in detecting small cysts. In addition, MRI in future should be able to demonstrate small, noncalcified masses in mammographically dense, fibrocystic breasts.

Adenofibroma↗