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PubMed1990

Superparamagnetic particles as gastrointestinal contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging of lower abdomen.

Negative gastrointestinal contrast enhancement can be achieved by oral administration of superparamagnetic particles. Their feasibility for the MR imaging of the female pelvis and lower abdomen was evaluated in studies on 32 follow-up patients with treated gynaecologic cancer. All the applied doses (0.2-1.0 mg particles/ml given in a volume of 600-800 ml) of contrast medium decreased the intraluminal signal. However, there was unpredictable individual variation in segmental distribution, and in some cases only a limited contrast effect was obtained. Image distortion was detected when the applied particle concentration exceeded 0.5 mg/ml, especially of the sagittal sections.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1990

[Torsion of an ectopic spleen as a cause of acute abdomen].

A case of torsion of an ectopic spleen is presented. Diagnosis was obtained by echography, CAT and arteriography. We review the cases reported in literature and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic problems raised by this rare condition as the cause of acute abdomen as well as for the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical importance of echographic screening of the entire abdomen].

Unsuspected abnormalities are occasionally detected during real-time examinations. To determine the frequency of such findings detected during the standard ultrasound examination of the entire abdomen, the records of 765 consecutive patients were reviewed. A significant number of occult abnormalities were detected: approximately one-fourth of all abnormalities were found in the abdominal survey. The influence of the abdominal survey on the clinical management and improved radiological consultation are discussed.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1990

[Textile foreign bodies left in the abdomen].

The authors relate eleven cases of forgotten foreign bodies (5 swabs and 6 laparotomy pads) in the abdomen after laparotomies for biliary and digestive (5 cases), gynaecologic (3 cases), or abdominal-wall (3 cases) diseases. Ten patients recovered after surgical extraction of foreign bodies (morbidity: 2 cases) and one patient died before reoperation. This study emphasizes the severity of this complication which can and should be prevented.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1990

[Acute abdomen caused by spontaneous rupture of splenic hydatid cyst].

We report a rare case of acute abdomen caused by the spontaneous rupture of a splenic hydatid cyst into the abdominal cavity, causing a massive hemoperitoneum due to accompanying rupture of the spleen which required splenectomy. A review is made of the literature on this rare entity, its treatment and its consequences and their prevention and treatment.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMed1990

[Acute abdomen in patients with hematologic neoplasms].

Sixteen onco-haematological patients with acute abdomen are presented. The diagnosis of acute abdominal conditions was: neutropenic enterocolitis, gastrointestinal perforation, bowel neoplastic obstruction hepatic abscess and strangulated tumoral hernia. The operative death was 31.2%; 62.5% died 2-24 months after surgery and 6.3% is alive at 72 months. The Authors conclude that in these patients the extended surgery should be performed only in prognostic all favourable cases.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMed1990

[Acute surgical abdomen in infectious and parasitic diseases].

A review of the literature is made on the complicated course of infectious and parasitic diseases, in which acute surgical abdomen syndrome develops. Surgical treatment of complicated infectious and parasitic diseases is a complex endeavour both from surgical and epidemiologic aspect. The high mortality rate after operations in complicated forms is associated with tactical errors in the surgical treatment and erroneously estimated extent of the surgical intervention.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMed1990

Acute abdomen in the patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

When patients who have a ventriculoperitoneal shunt present with an acute abdomen, shunt infection may be the cause. The authors relate the cases of three such patients. Two underwent a laparotomy which failed to show any abnormality and which in retrospect might have been avoided. They review the literature and present a systematic approach to the diagnosis and management of this problem. Specific clues from the patient's history, physical examination and further investigation may clarify the diagnosis. When shunt infection cannot be excluded and the clinical setting does not warrant immediate laparotomy, shunt externalization, cerebrospinal fluid culture, empiric antibiotic therapy and close observation of the patient are recommended.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMed1990

The abdomen: hip ratio normative data and observations on selected patients.

Normative data for abdominal circumference:hip circumference ratio, of current interest as a possible health risk, are presented for a large number of healthy subjects aged 6-71 years. The ratio declines during childhood, and during adolescence, in females, while that for males remains about the same. In the adult years there is a rise in the ratios for both sexes, that for males preceding the rise for females. For most of the age span, the sex difference and the age trends are such that age and sex must be taken into consideration in evaluating data on patients with various disorders. Patients with diabetes mellitus and those with obesity tend to have elevated abdomen:hip ratios at all ages. Those with cystic fibrosis also tend to have higher ratios, but here the difference is due to a smaller hip circumference rather than a larger abdominal circumference, and the same is true for the younger diabetics. The ratios for athletes are in the normal range but exhibit much less variability; those for patients with anorexia nervosa are normally distributed.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1986

Numerous papular glomus tumors localized on the abdomen: a report of a case and an ultrastructural study.

Numerous, painless, dark-red small papules approximately 300 in number developed in a localized area of the left abdomen of a 16-year-old Japanese male in a course of 4 years. Histologically, there were dilated vascular spaces surrounded by one to three layers of cuboidal cells in the upper and mid dermis. Electron microscopic examination revealed the characteristic muscle cell structure of the tumour cells. To our knowledge there is no other report in the literature of such a case of localized multiple glomus tumors with numerous small papules and we think that this case represents a unique type in the multiple glomus tumor.

Abdomen↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute abdomen in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa: report of a case].

The authors present the case of a 31 year old woman admitted with abdominal pain, fever, weight loss and malignant hypertension. The ultrasonographic examination showed an image suggesting chronic nephropathy. On the 3rd day of hospitalization an exploratory laparotomy was performed with the diagnosis of acute abdomen. There was purulent peritonitis and a segment of ileum with multiple perforations, which was resected. The anatomopathologic finding of the surgical specimen revealed polyarteritis nodosa. The patient developed multiple organ failure and evolved to death. The difficulty in establishing the diagnosis is commented and, the authors according with some studies suggest treatment with plasmapheresis because the conventional therapy with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide proved to be insufficient in severe cases.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Polyarteritis nodosa. An unusual cause of acute abdomen.

Two cases of acute abdomen operated on twice and biopsy specimens confirmed are presented. The diagnosis of a systemic necrotizing vasculitis group of polyarteritis nodosa was established. The syndrome affects predominantly males between the second and forth decade of life. The gastrointestinal tract is involved in approximately 50% of the cases. While a negative laparotomy may be considered as a surgical pit-fall, nevertheless, it is the only way of establishing the diagnosis and treating the complications of the disease in some of the cases.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous small bowel perforation. A rare cause of acute abdomen.

Spontaneous non traumatic small bowel perforation is a rare cause of an acute abdomen. Preoperative diagnosis is especially difficult, since the symptoms are extremely nonspecific. In most cases, the acute perforation is only diagnosed at exploratory laparotomy. We performed a retrospective analysis on spontaneous perforations of small intestine, occurring in 35 patients, which were treated at our department during a 14-year period from 1974 to 1988. The average age on presentation was 57 years. At the time of operation, peritoneal involvement was already well advanced. In 16 (45.7%) patients, the lesion was oversewn and in 19 (54.3%) cases, resection was required. The difference in mortality between these two methods was statistically not significant.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMed1989

[Textile foreign bodies retained in the abdomen].

Abdomen↗

PubMed1989

Infected renal cyst simulating acute abdomen. Case report.

Renal cysts are rarely infected. The diagnosis should not represent a problem with the current techniques: however the condition can simulate acute abdomen in which case resection of the cyst roof and drainage is recommended.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMed1989

Imaging of the nontraumatic acute abdomen.

Plain-film radiography of the abdomen is often the first-line imaging modality used for the patient in the ED. It is capable of demonstrating abnormal locations of gas, abnormal viscera, calcifications and foreign material, and skeletal and lower lung pathology. PFR findings may aid in the decision to proceed to other modalities. Contrast studies have a limited role in the ED but may be necessary to diagnose disease inadequately visualized by PFR, as in the case of perforated duodenal ulcer, missed on PFR in approximately 15 per cent of cases. Ultrasound is most useful in the ED for obstetric and gynecologic illness, as well as disorders of the hepatobiliary system. Nuclear medicine studies can be very useful for GI bleeding and inflammatory conditions but may not always be as available or convenient as other modalities. CT has very broad usefulness. Angiography is very useful for locating bleeding sites, especially in the large bowel, and for determination of mesenteric arterial patency in suspected mesenteric ischemia. Finally, MRI, which has enormous potential, is not funded by many third-party payment plans for use in emergencies, and must overcome certain obstacles before it assumes common usage in the ED.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMed1989

Ultrasonographic demonstration of intussusception in the acute abdomen in a Zambian infant.

Ultrasonography demonstrated intussusception in a healthy and well nourished seven-month-old infant who presented with a four-day history of vomiting and abdominal pain. Plain film showed a right-sided abdominal mass, a paucity of gas within the right lower quadrant and loops of distended small bowel. This led to ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract that demonstrated typical "bull's eye" pattern within the intussusception process. No barium studies were performed and confirmation was obtained at operation. Ultrasonography of the bowel may be of value when investigating children with atypical acute abdomen.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Kawasaki disease complicated by gallbladder hydrops mimicking acute abdomen: a report of three cases.

Three cases of gallbladder hydrops associated with Kawasaki disease are presented. The initial manifestations were high fever, jaundice and distended abdomen with guarding. The first two cases received laparotomy under the impression of suppurative cholecystitis with peritonitis. A markedly distended acalculous, nongangrenous gallbladder was noted. A cholecystostomy for drainage was performed. Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease was made only when the clinical manifestations became full-blown postoperatively. Both patients led an uneventful postoperative course. The third case had apparent features of Kawasaki disease at admission though the abdominal symptoms were rather prominent. With supportive care, the patient stabilized by the sixth hospital day without complication and did not require surgical intervention. We suggest that the preferred treatment of abdominal symptoms in Kawasaki disease is medical, and surgical intervention is deserved only for the complications of the hydrops. Simple cholecystostomy seems to be safe and sufficient for such occasion. Ultrasonography is helpful for the correct diagnosis of gallbladder hydrops and can exclude dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary trees and cholelithiasis.

Abdomen, Acute↗