Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “taste perception”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A composite sensor array impedentiometric electronic tongue Part I. Characterization.

A study aimed at the characterization of five compounds with different chemical characteristics and gustative perceptions by measuring the variations of the electrical impedance of a composite sensor array is presented. The array was composed of five sensors of three different types based on carbon nanotubes or carbon black dispersed in polymeric matrices and doped polythiophenes. Measurements were carried out by evaluating the electrical impedance of the sensor array at a frequency of 150 Hz, and the data acquisition process was automated; a mechanical arm and a rotating platform controlled by a data acquisition card and a dedicated software allowed the sequential dipping of sensors in the test solutions. Fifty different solutions eliciting the 5 basic tastes (sodium chloride, citric acid, glucose, glutamic acid and sodium dehydrocholate for salty, sour, sweet, umami and bitter, respectively) at 10 concentration levels comprising the human perceptive range were analysed. More than 100 measurements were carried for each sample in a 4-month period to evaluate the system repeatability and robustness. The impedentiometric composite sensor array is shown to be sensitive, selective and stable for use in an electronic tongue.

Biomimetic Materials↗
PubMed2004

Patient preferences for sensory attributes of intranasal corticosteroids and willingness to adhere to prescribed therapy for allergic rhinitis: a conjoint analysis.

BACKGROUND: Sensory attributes of intranasal corticosteroid (INS) products vary. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient preferences for INS sensory attributes and the degree to which attributes influence patients' willingness to adhere to therapy. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 120 individuals across 4 US allergy/immunology clinics. Respondents chose between pairs of hypothetical INSs differing in sensory attribute composition. We measured the strength of preferences for 6 sensory attributes (smell, taste, aftertaste, throat rundown, nose runout, and feel of spray in nose or throat). Preferences were measured for 3 intensity levels of each sensory attribute (eg, no taste, weak taste, and strong taste). Other outcomes included an importance score for each sensory attribute and patients' willingness to adhere to therapy with an INS with the lowest intensity levels of each sensory attribute vs one with moderate intensity levels. RESULTS: Preferences decreased with increasing intensity levels of each sensory attribute. Aftertaste was the most important attribute in 28% of patients, taste in 19%, throat rundown in 18%, nose runout in 12%, smell in 11%, and feel of spray in 7%. If instructed to take an INS daily for 3 months, 77% of patients stated that they would definitely be able to follow their physician's advice (willingness to adhere) if given one containing the lowest level of each sensory attribute vs 4% if given one having moderate levels (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Patient preferences are inversely related to increasing intensity levels of sensory attributes and affect patients' willingness to adhere to therapy. Application of patient preferences when selecting INSs could improve adherence.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2005

[Smell and taste in drug addicts].

The main objective of this study was to establish the degree of influence of various illicit drugs, taken into the body in different ways, on the senses of smell and taste. Other possible factors, that might have caused disturbances in normal functioning of both senses, were outlined. The studied group consisted of 48 drug addicts, between the age of 16 and 48 years, addicted to various illicit drugs for several years. Olfactory testing included two methods. First quantitative method described by Elsberg and Levy, modified by Pruszewicz, was used to establish the smell detection threshold. Then the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test was used as a method for odor identification. The sense of taste was tested with the use of method described by Krarup and modified by Pruszewicz. The results showed disturbances in olfactory performance (combined in both method) in 52.1% of all drug abusers, and 16.7% of them were diagnosed with ageusia when the sense of taste was tested. The route of administration of illicit drugs proved to be a statistically significant factor that might have caused disturbances of smell perception and identification in the study group. Drug abusers who were taking drugs intravenously and those who smoked and inhaled various drugs had the most significant olfactory problems. Both means for assessing smell function were statistically compared and the results showed that approximately 75% of drug users with olfactory disturbances had olfactory problems in both tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Social evolution and diminished olfactory function in larval honey bees.

Social evolution made larval honey bees dependent on adult colony members for feeding; they are confined to cells in waxen honeycombs and visited about 100 times per day by adult "nurse" bees. Based on organismal resource conservation theory, we predicted larvae have diminished olfactory capabilities at both the molecular and behavioral levels. Consistent with theory, larvae expressed very low levels of Orco, an essential gene for olfactory receptor (OR) function. By contrast, they showed higher expression of Ir25a, essential for other forms of sensory perception including gustation. Also consistent with theory, behavioral assays demonstrated that larvae cannot find food via olfaction, suggesting they use taste for feeding. By contrast, it is known that adult honey bees use OR-based olfaction extensively for a variety of behavioral functions, and the honey bee genome contains many OR-encoding genes. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of social and nonsocial insects suggest that this developmentally regulated suppression of olfactory function is related to social evolution, especially systems of offspring care.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Similarity assessment and attribute scaling of sucrose and aspartame in grape drink.

The present study investigated the perception of sweetness of aspartame in comparison to various concentrations of sucrose. Twenty-seven subjects were randomly assigned to taste a chilled or room temperature Kool-Aid beverage sweetened with either aspartame or five different concentrations of sucrose. Subjects assessed the perceived similarity in sweetness of an aspartame-aspartame pair and five different aspartame-sucrose pairings and rated each beverage on five bipolar adjectives. Analysis of the similarity ratings revealed that subjects did not perceive the pairs of beverages to differ in perceived sweetness. Analysis of the adjective ratings revealed that aspartame and the lower sucrose concentrations were perceived as being less sweet and more sour than the higher sucrose concentrations.

Aspartame↗
PubMed1996

The sensory biology of the living jawless fishes: a phylogenetic assessment.

Despite the ancient origins and aberrant appearance of living jawless fishes, none of their features may be assumed to be primitive without comparisons among hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, and with the nearest relatives of all craniates, the cephalochordates. In this review, the sensory capabilities of lampreys and hagfishes will be compared, and the major features of early craniate sensory evolution will be infered using cladistic methodology and an accepted phylogeny of the hagfishes, lampreys and gnathostomes. Lampreys have well developed olfactory, visual and octavolateralis systems, each of which is known to play a role in lamprey life and behavior. Hagfishes have poorly developed visual and octavolateralis systems, but elaborate olfactory and chemosensory systems. Unfortunately, the natural behavior and lifestyle of hagfishes are poorly known, limiting our understanding of hagfish sensory biology. Both groups of living jawless fishes show mixtures of primitive and secondarily derived sensory features and have few shared derived sensory features that would indicate close relations between the two groups.

Anatomy, Comparative↗
PubMed1978

Effects of a stimulant drug on extraversion level in hyperactive children.

7 hyperactive children in a pilot study, and 15 hyperactive and 15 non-hyperactive control children in a later study, were assessed for salivation to lemon juice stimulation, reactive inhibition on an audio-vigilance task, and visual-motor maze errors. Hyperactive children were tested under stimulant drug and nondrug conditions and nonhyperactive children twice under nondrug conditions. Pilot study hyperactive children displayed significantly fewer maze errors and somewhat greater salivation and lesser reactive inhibition levels under the drug than the nondrug conditions. Follow-up study control children did not differ significantly between test occasions on any measure, while the hyperactive children displayed significantly fewer maze errors, more salivation, and less reactive inhibition under the stimulant drug, indicating significant decreases in extraversion after the stimulant drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Psychological aspects of white.

An attempt is made to answer the questions: Is white a color? How do we see fluorescent and non-fluorescent whites? What is the psychological and symbolic significance of white? A qualitative study was based on a sample of 1818 people from 24 differentiated groups from the age of 6 upwards. Two techniques were used in the enquiry: the well-known word association test, and a non-verbal method, new to psychology, which was devised specifically for the purpose of defining the psychological significance of white by emotional reference to a set of grey shades, a set of chromatic colors and a set of simple shapes. In a quantitative study, a sample of 1994 people were asked their reactions to fluorescent and non-fluorescent whites. This work was supplemented by linguistic investigations of the anthropological and physiological significance of white. The conclusion reached is that white meets a psychic need in man. Almost all the respondents attributed the characteristic of "whiteness" only to fluorescent whites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

fMRI study of taste cortical areas in humans.

We used 3 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with echo planar imaging to map taste projections in the human. Activations were found surrounding and buried in the sylvian fissure; the upper part of insula, the frontal operculum, and the foot of the pre- and postcentral gyri were usually activated. Moreover, we could describe, for the first time, a lateralized associative projection located in the lower part of the dominant hemisphere of the subject (n = 10). We also observed activations in the anterior cingulate gyrus, the centromedial thalamus, and other areas related to emotional or cognitive processes. Thirty subjects were submitted to a familiarization experiment sampling neophobic and nonneophobic stimuli. Measurements of isointense concentrations, magnitude estimates and hedonic values were assessed repetitively for 10 weeks. Five subjects performed 3 fMRI experiments, before, during and after familiarization. Psychophysical data showed a relationship between the evolution of the hedonic assessment and the intensity of the perception, and fMRI results showed a relationship between the evolution of the hedonic assessment and the evolution of the percent of activated pixels in taste cortical area.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed2006

The role of fat in flavor perception: effect of partition and viscosity in model emulsions.

Decreasing the fat content of a food, while maintaining the same aroma content, changes both aroma release (due to partition effects) and the viscosity of the food. To understand the relative contribution of these two factors on flavor perception, a series of flavored emulsions were prepared to control aroma release and viscosity using different aroma, oil, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) contents. Samples were formulated to deliver the same aroma-release in vitro and in vivo, and their viscosity was measured using the Kokini oral shear stress parameter. Despite the in vivo aroma release being constant, there were perceptual differences between the samples, and the flavor intensity decreased as in-mouth viscosity increased. For these iso release samples, the Kokini oral shear stress parameter correlated well with the decrease in perception, suggesting that there may be a viscosity stimulus or that the viscosity affects release of tastant and hinders aroma-taste interactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Family physicians' perceptions of barriers to patients' dietary change.

A national random sample of 229 family physicians responded to a survey which included perceived barriers to patients' dietary change. Physicians perceived food taste preference (71%) as a deterrent to patients' dietary change followed by knowledge of what dietary changes to make (48%) and cost of food recommended (44%).

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

[A case with late-onset MELAS with hallucination and delusion].

We report a 53-year-old male patient with late onset mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes(MELAS) with hallucination and delusion. The patient manifested various neurological symptoms including perceptive deafness, muscle weakness of limbs with loss of consciousness, sensory abnormalities in hands, feet and a face, abnormal sense of taste, tremor, palsy of upward eye movement and weak deep tendon reflexes prior to the psychotic episode. He was diagnosed as MELAS, because of high serum lactic acid and pyruvic acid, and the point mutation in the mitochondrial DNA 3243. SPECT imaging showed decreased perfusion in occipital cortex and thalamus. These SPECT changes improved after disappearing visual hallucination. Hallucination might be caused by delirium due to stroke-like episode. Dysfunction in the occipital cortex and thalamus might be involved with this perfusion change.

Delusions↗
PubMed2006

Patient and parental perception of a new fluoride varnish.

The purpose of this study was to compare children's and their parents' acceptability of a new fluoride varnish that purports to have improved taste and color with a control varnish. Sixty patients, 4 to 17 years of age, attending recall appointments at the University of Washington Pediatric Dental Clinic, Seattle, Washington, were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 fluoride varnishes. After their appointments, patients and their parents were asked about the varnish's taste and color. There were 32 patients 4 to 7 years of age and 28 patients 8 to 17 years of age. All 8- to 17-year-olds agreed that "white varnish" was preferable to "brown varnish." Most of the 4- to 7-year-olds also agreed that white was better. The 4- to 7-year-olds did not like the taste of either varnish, but the 8- to 17-year-olds preferred the taste of white. All parents cared mostly about efficacy, but agreed that the white, better-tasting varnish was a positive improvement. Parents and their children agreed that though the white varnish is best, the taste was far from ideal for the younger children, based on its single bubble-gum flavor and the standard control fluoride varnish available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

An analysis of the role of stimulus removal in taste adaptation by means of simulated drinking.

Human multiple sip drinking was simulated by repeated, alternate application of a NaCl solution and a second liquid to the anterior portion of the tongue. Judged intensity of the NaCl solution remained constant during alternation with artificial saliva, increased during alternation with water, and decreased during alternation with an identical NaCl solution or with no second liquid. Relative change in concentration on the tongue may determine constancy, facilitation, or adaptation during drinking.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Aging is associated with increased Weber ratios for caffeine, but not for sucrose.

To investigate whether age-associated changes in the human taste system are quality-specific, we compared young and elderly subjects' suprathreshold discrimination abilities for caffeine and sucrose. The method of constant stimuli was used to obtain just noticeable differences and Weber ratios. The elderly generated larger Weber ratios than did the young for both the medium and high concentrations of caffeine, but not for the low concentration. For example, a 74% increase in .005 M caffeine was required to obtain a perceptible difference for the elderly, whereas a 34% increase produced a perceptible difference for the young. The Weber ratios for sucrose did not differ for the two age groups. The results of this study indicate that age-associated changes in the taste system are quality-specific.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

An empirical test of Olsson's interaction model using mixtures of tastants.

In 1994, Olsson published a model predicting the intensity and quality of an odor mixture percept on the basis of the intensities of the unmixed components. Whether this model can also be used for mixtures of dissimilar tasting substances was investigated for sucrose/citric acid mixtures. The identification data revealed asymmetrical mixture suppression, which does not support the model. The intensity responses were in accordance with the definitions employed for level independence and hypo-additivity. However, the intensity judgements suggest deviations from symmetry and exhibited compromise, which violates two other principles. A comparison with previously published data shows that these violations probably occur for other mixture types, too. It is concluded that the Olsson interaction model cannot describe interactions in mixtures of dissimilar tasting components accurately.

Adolescent↗