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PubMed2006

Binding of oxovanadium ions to the major and minor grooves of DNA duplex: stability and structural models.

Vanadate induces DNA strand breaks in cultured human fibroblasts at doses that are relative to the occupational exposure. Oxovanadium compounds also exert preventive effects against chemical carcinogenesis in animals and form complexes with DNA in vivo. This study was designed to examine the interaction of calf-thymus DNA with VO2+ and VO3 ions in aqueous solution at physiological pH, with a constant DNA concentration of 12.5 mmol/L and vanadium-DNA (phosphate) molar ratios (r) of 1:160 to 1:2. Capillary electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy were used to determine the cation binding site, the binding constant, the helix stability, and DNA conformation in the oxovanadium-DNA complexes. Structural analysis showed that VO2+ binds DNA through guanine and adenine N-7 atoms and the backbone PO2 group with apparent binding constants of KG = 8.8 x 10(5) (mol/L)-1 and KA = 3.4 x 10(5) (mol/L)-1. The VO3 shows weaker binding through thymine, adenine, and guanine bases, with K = 1.9 x 10(4) (mol/L)-1 and no interaction with the backbone phosphate group. A partial B-to-A DNA transition occurred upon VO-DNA complexation, while DNA remains in the B-family structure in the VO3 complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Stereospecific formation of alpha-hydroxycarboxylato oxo peroxo complexes of vanadium(V). Crystal structure of (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O.

An overview of structurally characterized alpha-hydroxycarboxylatodioxo- and alpha-hydroxycarboxylatooxoperoxovanadates(V) is presented and the geometric parameters of the V2O2 bridging core are discussed. The first case of a stereospecific formation of oxoperoxovanadates(V) is reported: The crystal structures of the isomeric compounds (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O (lact = C3H4O3(2-), the anion of the lactic acid) differ mainly in the arrangement of the V2O2 core and in mutual orientation of the V=O bonds. The complexes with achiral ligands adopt the same structural type as the complexes formed from a racemic mixture of a chiral ligand, while the structure obtained using an enantiopure L,L-hydroxycarboxylate is different.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vanadium (IV) formation in the reduction of vanadate by glutathione reductase/NADPH and the role of molecular oxygen.

Experimental evidence documenting the formation of a relatively stable V(IV) species appears to be important with regard to the biochemical mechanism of reduction of vanadate by enzymatic systems. The present study demonstrates that a mixture of vanadate and glutathione reductase/nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), in phosphate (pH 7.2) buffer generates V(IV) under ambient conditions. Once formed, V(IV) does not rapidly autoxidize so as to defy detection by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The aerobic environment was guaranteed by preparing reaction mixtures in well stirred, wide mouth, standard test tubes in air over a period of 50 minutes, and by making ESR measurements in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sample tubes as well as oxygen-permeable Teflon tubes. The V(IV) ESR signal intensity was found to increase linearly with time elapsed after reaction initiation. The linear growth of the V(IV) species also shows that this species is fairly stable, over a period of at least 50 minutes. Similar V(IV) stability data were obtained from VOSO4, a model compound as a source of V(IV). The results obtained in the present study demonstrated that V(IV) can be generated in the reduction of V(IV) by glutathione reductase in the presence of NADPH under aerobic condition.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1991

Activation of rabbit liver high affinity cAMP (type IV) phosphodiesterase by a vanadyl-glutathione complex. Characterization of the role of the sulfhydryl.

Activation of rabbit liver microsomal high affinity cAMP phosphodiesterase (Type IV PDE) by vanadyl-glutathione complexes was studied as a possible model of insulin stimulation of the enzyme in a cell-free system. The effect of VO.2GSH activation of PDE was a 21-fold decrease in the IC50 value for cGMP inhibition and a 2.6-fold increase in the Vmax of the higher affinity cAMP catalytic site. Cyclic AMP and cGMP substrate affinities and cGMP hydrolysis were unaffected by VO.2GSH activation. Selective Type IV PDE inhibitors and cGMP analogs indicated that VO.2GSH complexes activated the cGMP-inhibitable form of the Type IV PDE activities which co-localized in hepatic microsomes. The Type IV PDE activating complex appears to consist minimally of vanadyl ion and 2 oxidized electron donor compounds. The components of the electron donor required to achieve an enzyme activation complex are: 1) a free -SH group as the electron donor for vanadate reduction and 2) a minimum structure of cysteamine (NH2-CH2-CH2-SH). Maximal activation of the enzyme required near 2:1 molar ratios of either glutathione or cysteamine mixed with sodium orthovanadate. Active vanadyl-cysteamine complexes were isolated by reverse- phase high performance liquid chromatography. Tungsten, niobium, and tantalum, but not manganese, chromium, or molybdenum, substituted for vanadium to form enzyme-activating complexes with glutathione. VO.RSH complex activation occurred rapidly upon addition to microsomes and was reversible. We conclude from these studies that VO.RSH complexes and insulin activate the same form of Type IV PDE in rabbit liver microsomes; our findings are discussed with respect to the involvement of a possible electron transfer enzyme oxidation in the activation mechanism.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1997

Effects of peroxovanadate complexes on reducing glycemia in diabetic rats and translocation of glucose transporter.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the hypoglycemic effects and translocation of glucose transporter (Glut 1 and Glut 4) promoted by peroxovanadate and nicotinic acid complexes (nicotinic chelated bitriperoxovanadate, POR; N-O nicotinic chelated peroxovanadate, POV) in streptozotozin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Peroxovanadate complexes of nicotinic acid (POR and POV) were prepared and characterized in laboratory. POR, POV and vanadate were administrated in drink water. The muscles from diabetic rats were subjected to prepare plasma membrane and microsome membrane. Antibodies to COOH-terminal of glucose transporter were used in Western Blot to evaluate the translocation. RESULTS: POR and POV showed markedly hypoglycemic effects in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. POV, which may be a N-oxide compound of peroxovanadate, have high potency of acute effects comparing to carboxylate-complexes of peroxovanadate (POR). In chronic tests, 1 mg/kg oral pathway POR could significantly reduce the plasma glucose levels over four week's treatment, whereas the same dose of single sodium vanadate or nicotinic acid did not have hypoglycemic effects. The net vanadium intake is about 1/90 of single effectively vanadate treatment. The Western Blot showed that POR increased the translocation of Glut 4 and Glut 1 from intracellular site of membrane. CONCLUSIONS: Peroxovanadate-nicotinic acid complexes (POR and POV) are the novel vanadyl that acutely and markedly reduce plasma glucose in a lower dose comparing to vanadate in STZ-DM rats by oral administration. Translocation of glucose transportor may take a part in their hypoglycemic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and MO Calculations of Vanadium Imido Complexes Containing Bidentate Phosphine Coligands.

Treatment of complex V(N-2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3))Cl(3) with 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme) gives in quasi-quantitative yield the adduct V(N-2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3))Cl(3)(dme) (1). Interaction of 1 with bidentate phosphines gives V(N-2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3))Cl(3)(P-P) (P-P = depe, 2a; dppe, 2b) compounds. An X-ray analysis (monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 14.7387(14) Å, b = 10.6738(10) Å, c = 16.999(3) Å, beta = 90.954(2) degrees, Z = 4, R = 0.0544), carried out on complex 2a, shows a mer arrangement of the chloride ligands and a nonsymmetrical coordination of the diphosphine ligand. One of the phosphorus atoms occupies the trans position with respect to the organoimido ligand. MO calculations on the models V(NR)Cl(3)(H(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PH(2)) (R = H, C(6)H(5)) of complex 2a were performed. The mer isomer, which is more stable than the fac isomer, shows good agreement with the experimental data.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

NADH-dependent polyvanadate reduction by microsomes.

NADH-dependent reduction of polyvanadate was observed by using rat liver microsomes as the enzyme source. The reduced vanadate form obtained was blue in color with a broad absorption maximum in the red region around 650 nm. Microsomes and phosphate anions were found to be essential for polyvanadate reduction. The rate and the extent of formation of blue color compound was dependent on the amount of vanadate present. Cytochrome b5 was found to be involved in this SOD-insensitive reaction. The rate of disappearance of the blue-colored compound was dependent on concentration of NADH and was found to be sensitive to SOD. Catalase and Mn2+, which inhibit oxygen consumption accompanying NADH oxidation, increased both the rate and extent of the blue color compound formed. The results suggest that vanadate acts as an electron acceptor.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Formation and structure of 1:1 complexes between aryl hydroxamic acids and vanadate at neutral pH.

Although aryl hydroxamic acids are well-known to form coordination complexes with vanadate (V(V)), the nature of these complexes at neutral pH and submillimolar concentrations, the conditions under which such complexes inhibit various serine amidohydrolases, is not well established. A series of qualitative and quantitative experiments, involving UV/vis, (1)H NMR, and (51)V NMR spectroscopies, established that both 1:1 and 1:2 vanadate/hydroxamate complexes form at pH 7.5, with the former dominating at submillimolar concentrations. Formation constants for the complexes of several aryl and alkyl hydroxamic acids were determined; for example, for benzohydroxamic acid, the stepwise formation constants of the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes were 3000 and 400 M(-1), respectively. The (51)V chemical shift of the 1:1 4-nitrobenzohydroxamic acid complex was -497 ppm, and that of its unsubstituted analogue was -498 ppm. A (1)H-(15)N HSQC spectrum of the 4-nitrobenzo-(15)N-hydroxamic acid/vanadate complex indicated the presence of an N-H group with (15)N and (1)H chemical shifts of 115 and 5.83 ppm, respectively. A (13)C NMR spectrum of the complex of 4-nitrobenzo-(13)C-hydroxamic acid with vanadate displayed a resonance at 170.1 ppm and thus a coordination-induced shift (CIS) of +3.8 ppm. In contrast, the CIS value of an established 1:2 complex, thought to contain chelated hydroxamic acid ligands, was +11.9 ppm. These spectral data led to the following structural picture of 1:1 complexes of vanadate and aryl hydroxamic acids. They contain penta- or hexa-coordinated vanadium. The ligand is in the hydroxamate rather than hydroximate form. The ligand is presumably bound to vanadium through the hydroxamic hydroxyl oxygen, but the hydroxamic acid carbonyl oxygen interacts weakly with vanadium. These species are the most likely candidates for the inhibitors of serine amidohydrolases found in vanadate/hydroxamic acid mixtures.

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗
PubMed2003

New chemistry of the triply bonded divanadium (V2 4+) unit and reduction to an unprecedented V2 3+ core.

We report here the synthesis and characterization of seven new divanadium compounds with the paddlewheel geometry bridged by nitrogen-donating ligands. Five of these contain the diamagnetic V(2)(4+) core with short V-V distances of less than 2.0 A, consistent with a formal triple bond. The V-V distances vary with the basicity of the bridging ligands; more basic ligands such as those of the guanidinate type have the shorter metal-metal separations, and those with the less basic formamidinate groups have longer separations. One compound, V(2)(DPhF)(4) (DPhF = the anion of N,N'-diphenylformamidine), has been reduced by one electron, and two structures, [K(THF)(3)]V(2)(DPhF)(4) and [K(18-crown-6)(THF)(2)]V(2)(DPhF)(4), have been obtained. These have an unprecedented V(2)(3+) core where the formal oxidation state of each vanadium atom is +1.5. The decrease in V-V bond distance and the multiline EPR spectrum in the reduced species provide evidence that these two molecules contain a bond of order 3.5.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Cation distribution in LiMgVO4 and LiZnVO4: structural and spectroscopic study.

The room temperature cation occupancy in LiMgVO(4) and LiZnVO(4) crystallographic sites is obtained by means of the combined use of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), (7)Li and (51)V magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), and micro-Raman measurements. In the LiMgVO(4) Cmcm orthorhombic structure, the 4c (C(2)(v) symmetry) tetrahedral vanadium site is fully ordered; on the contrary, the Li 4c tetrahedral site and the 4b (C(2)(h) symmetry) Mg octahedral site display about 22% of reciprocal cationic exchange. Higher cationic disorder is observed in LiZnVO(4): the three cations can distribute on the three tetrahedral and distinct sites of the R-3 structure. XRPD and MAS NMR analysis results highly agree for what concerns vanadium ion distribution on the three cationic sites (about 25, 26, and 47%). From the full profile fitting of XRPD patterns with the Rietveld method, it is also obtained that Li(+) displays a slightly preferred occupation of the T1 position (approximately 55%) and Zn(2+) of the T2 position (approximately 46%). The vibrational spectra of the two compounds are characterized by different peak positions and broadening of the Raman modes, reflecting the cation distribution and the local vibrational unit distortion. A comparison is also made with recent Raman results on Li(3)VO(4). High temperature XRPD measurements rule out possible structural transitions up to 673 K for both compounds.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Tetra-mu-chloro-1:2kappa4Cl;1:3kappa4Cl-dimethyl-2kappaC,3kappaC-tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)-1kappa2O,2kappaO,3kappaO-chromium(II)dizinc(II).

The title compound, [CrZn2(CH3)2Cl4(C4H8O)4], contains a central distorted octahedral Cr atom, located at an inversion center, bound to two tetrahydrofuran ligands and four chloro ligands that bridge to two symmetry-related tetrahedral Zn atoms. The coordination around zinc is completed by methyl and tetrahydrofuran ligands. This structure is compared with a previously reported complex of vanadium, and their differences in metric parameters are explained.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Effects of vanadium treatment on the alterations of cardiac glycogen phosphorylase and phosphorylase kinase in streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetic rats.

Supersensitivity to isoproterenol (ISO) induced activation of cardiac phosphorylase in diabetic rat heart has been previously demonstrated and was also reproduced in this study. To explore further the nature of this supersensitivity, we examined the activity of phosphorylase kinase and the level of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in this tissue. We observed a significantly enhanced activation of phosphorylase kinase but no increase in cAMP levels in response to ISO stimulation in diabetic rat heart, suggesting that the supersensitivity of phosphorylase activation in diabetic heart may result from an enhanced activation of phosphorylase kinase that does not involve the cAMP pathway. On the other hand, perfusion of diabetic rat heart with verapamil (5 x 10(-8) M) prior to ISO stimulation abolished the enhanced cardiac phosphorylase activation, suggesting a role for calcium in the supersensitivity of phosphorylase activation. Furthermore, treatment of the diabetic rats with an insulin-like compound, vanadyl sulphate, completely abolished the enhanced cardiac phosphorylase activation and restored the increase in ISO-induced cAMP elevation in diabetic heart. The present study has provided further information on the changes of phosphorylase activation in the diabetic rat heart and demonstrated beneficial effects of vanadyl sulphate on the pathway leading to phosphorylase activation in diabetic rat heart.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Oxovanadates: a novel probe for studying lipid-water interfaces.

How water, metabolites and proteins associate and traverse the lipid interface is generally investigated by using probes with spectroscopic handles. Cellular confinement limits the tools of investigation to indirect approaches. Studies of a variety of different probes become important to understand the effects of confinement on chemical reactions and biological function. Confinement of water affects the properties of water and this effect is important for cellular systems. A versatile model system for studying the effect of water confinement on biological processes uses reverse micelles (RMs). Molecular probes are also used to investigate environments that are not readily accessible to direct measurements. Most of the dyes in use contain large hydrophobic chromophores and do not have size and structural flexibility to probe a surface that is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic as common in biological systems. We present the use of vanadium-containing probes for exploration of the fundamental properties of restricted water and lipid interfaces in RMs. The presence of a vanadium atom in these probes provides multiple handles such as chemical shifts, signal linewidth and lifetime experiments in the quadrupolar 51V nuclei as well in 1H and 13C nuclei for investigations. The quadrupolar nuclei have a greater battery of useful spectroscopic parameters and combined with the conventional methods provide multiple handles in one probe. Furthermore, the vanadium-containing probe structure, charge and polarity can be modified for use in various biological settings. Here we introduce the concept and describe a few applications of this approach.

Cetrimonium↗
PubMed1999

An Inorganic Tire-Tread Lattice: Hydrothermal Synthesis of the Layered Vanadate

Two distinct V(9)O(23) building blocks having different vanadium coordination environments are intergrown in the unusual layered vanadate [N(CH(3))(4)](5)V(18)O(46) (see picture). Lattice strain is relieved by alternation of the vanadate strips formed from the blocks in both directions (akin to a three-dimensional tire tread). The formation of this lattice has implications for the assembly mechanism of this compound and related materials in hydrothermal synthesis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Levels of metals and organic substances in blood and urine of workers at a new hazardous waste incinerator.

OBJECTIVE: To assess baseline concentrations of a number of metals and organic compounds in blood and urine of 28 workers employed at a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI), before operation of the plant. METHODS: Plasma analyses of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were carried out. The urinary levels of 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol (DCPs), 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCPs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP), as well as those of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) were also measured. Beryllium (Be), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) concentrations were determined in total blood, while the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) were measured in urine. RESULTS: The levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene were under their respective detection limits. The concentrations of HCB, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in plasma of the HWI workers, chlorophenols (CLPs) and 1-HP urinary concentrations, as well as those of metals in blood and urine are shown. PCDD/F concentrations in plasma of the new HWI workers ranged between 13.4 and 84.0 pg international toxic equivalents (I-TEQ)/g lipid, with a geometric mean value of 24.4 pg I-TEQ/g lipid. DISCUSSION: PCDD/F levels, as well as the concentrations of PCBs were of the same order of magnitude as those recently obtained for non-occupationally exposed populations of Catalonia (Spain). No significant gender differences were found for the levels of HCB, PCBs and PCDD/Fs. Although the present results showed a notable variability in the levels of CLPs, geometric mean values of these compounds were similar or even lower than those considered as potential reference values. Metal concentrations in blood and urine were also of the same order of magnitude than previously reported metal levels in the same area. CONCLUSION: The present results should be useful in future surveys in which internal exposure of the HWI workers will be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Chemistry and insulin-mimetic properties of bis(acetylacetonate)oxovanadium(IV) and derivatives.

The syntheses and the solid state structural and spectroscopic solution characterizations of VO(Me-acac)2 and VO(Et-acac)2 (where Me-acac is 3-methyl-2,4-pentanedionato and Et-acac is 3-ethyl-2,4-pentanedionato) have been conducted since both VO(acac)2 and VO(Et-acac)2 have long-term in vivo insulin-mimetic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. X-ray structural characterizations of VO(Me-acac)2 and VO(Et-acac)2 show that both contain five-coordinate vanadium similar to the parent VO(acac)2. The unit cells for VO(Et-acac)2 and VO(Me-acac)2 are both triclinic, P1, with a = 9.29970(10) A, b = 13.6117(2) A, c = 13.6642(2) A, alpha = 94.1770(10) degrees, beta = 106.4770(10) degrees, gamma = 106.6350(10) degrees for VO(Et-acac)2 and a = 7.72969(4) A, b = 8.1856(5) A, c = 11.9029(6) A, alpha = 79.927(2) degrees, beta = 73.988(2)degrees, gamma = 65.1790(10)degrees for VO(Me-acac)2. The total concentration of EPR-observable vanadium(IV) species for VO(acac)2 and derivatives in water solution at 20 degreesC was determined by double integration of the EPR spectra and apportioned between individual species on the basis of computer simulations of the spectra. Three species were observed, and the concentrations were found to be time, pH, temperature, and salt dependent. The three complexes are assigned as the trans-VO(acac)2.H2O adduct, cis-VO(acac)2.H2O adduct, and a hydrolysis product containing one vanadium atom and one R-acac- group. The reaction rate for conversion of species was slower for VO(acac)2 than for VO(malto)2, VO(Et-acac)2, and VO(Me-acac)2; however, in aqueous solution the rates for all of these species are slow compared to those of other vanadium species. The concentration of vanadium(V) species was determined by 51V NMR. The visible spectra were time dependent, consistent with the changes in species concentrations that were observed in the EPR and NMR spectra. EPR and visible spectroscopic studies of solutions prepared as for administration to diabetic rats documented both a salt effect on speciation and formation of a new halogen-containing complex. Compound efficacy with respect to long-term lowering of plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats traces the concentration of the hydrolysis product in the administration solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Milrinone and thyroid hormone stimulate myocardial membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity and share structural homologies.

We have recently shown that thyroid hormone in physiological concentrations stimulates sarcolemma-enriched rabbit-myocardial-membrane Ca2+-ATPase in vitro. In this study, milrinone [2-methyl-5-cyano-(3,4'-bipyridin)-6(1H)-one], a cardiac inotropic agent, was thyromimetic in the same system. At clinically achievable concentrations (50-500 nM), milrinone significantly stimulated membrane Ca2+-ATPase in vitro. This action was antagonized by W-7 [N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide], an agent that also blocks thyroid hormone action on the Ca2+-ATPase, at concentrations as low as 5 microM. Progressive additions of milrinone to membranes incubated with a fixed concentration of thyroxine (0.10 nM) or triiodothyronine resulted in a progressive obliteration of the thyroid hormone effect on Ca2+-ATPase. Amrinone [5-amino-(3,4'-bipyridin)-6(1H)-one], the parent bipyridine of milrinone, had no effect on myocardial Ca2+-ATPase activity. X-ray crystallographic analysis of milrinone and amrinone revealed structural homologies between the phenolic ring of thyroxine and the substituted ring of milrinone, whereas amrinone did not share these homologies. The mechanism(s) of the inotropic actions of thyroxine and of milrinone is not clearly understood, but these observations implicate Ca2+-ATPase, a calcium pump-associated enzyme, as one mediator of the effects on the heart of these two compounds.

Aminopyridines↗
PubMed1991

Insulinlike effects of sodium selenate in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

Treatment of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with sodium selenate (10-15 mumol.kg-1.day-1) for 7 wk resulted in a decrease in plasma glucose, food intake, and water intake to control or near control levels. Plasma insulin was reduced in control rats given sodium selenate to the level found in the diabetic and treated diabetic group. Treatment did not affect control rats with regard to the other measurements cited. Sodium selenate enhanced weight gain in responding diabetic rats to that seen in controls; sodium selenate's actions thus resembled those of insulin. Thus selenate, like vanadium, appears to have insulinlike effects when administered in vivo.

Animals↗