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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A fractal model of HIV transmission on complex socio-geographic networks. Part 2: spread from a ghettoized 'core group' into a 'general population'.

"Study of the initial stages of HIV transmission along a 'sociogeographic network'--a large, complex, spatially focused social network with possibly fractal geometry--is extended to include interaction between a low-dimensional ghettoized 'core group' within which the disease spreads very rapidly and a higher dimensional, more loosely structured 'general population' in which spread is relatively slow. A mathematical modeling exercise suggests that contextually modulated interaction between them can be highly nonlinear and may greatly increase the initial rate of disease transmission within the general population. This work contributes to a growing body of literature which suggests that programs to control HIV infection within the majority heterosexual population of the United States will fail spectacularly without particular focus on the coupled physical and social stabilization and rehabilitation of the urban ghettoes of marginalized populations which are the present, and rapidly expanding, disease epicenters. Evidence suggests their continued disintegration can both increase disease rates within the epicenters and increase the coupling between core groups and general populations by creating large numbers of spatially or economically displaced refugees."

Americas↗
PubMed1989

Modelling migration flows between areas: an analysis for London using the census and OPCS Longitudinal Study.

"This paper analyses migration between the London boroughs using a discrete probability model, but with a correction for excess dispersion to that expected under the Poisson process. Two sources of migration data are used: one-year migration from the 1981 Census; and ten-year migration from the OPCS Longitudinal Study. The evidence from both sets is that both housing and labour market factors are relevant to explaining interborough migration, in addition to the distance and mass terms of the basic gravity model. The labour market effects suggest that migration generally equilibrates differences in excess labour supply between the boroughs, though less strongly in the recession year 1980-81." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND GER)

Demography↗
PubMed1995

Housing aspirations and migration in later life: developments during the 1980s.

"This paper tests hypotheses concerning the differentiation of early and late old age in the United Kingdom with reference to housing preferences and requirements and their translation into migration. Evidence is drawn from the 1991...census and from a representative sample of elderly people in SE England. The sources demonstrate the continued elaboration of long-distance, metropolitan-decentralizing migrations around the age of retirement. Also shown are relatively high rates of residential mobility among people in their seventies and eighties. Most of their migrations are short distance, but nonetheless with a net redistributional effect that sustains urban decentralization at the oldest ages. There is no evidence of significant return migration to London at advanced ages. From the survey responses, distinctive housing dissatisfactions are identified in early and late retirement, but neither set exactly matches expressed motivations for moves."

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Bangkok's population and the ministry of the capital in early 20th century Thai history.

"This paper...focuses on two related themes which together enable us to put the emergence of Bangkok as a primate city in the 19th century in clearer perspective. First, we review population estimates for Bangkok. Here, the major point is this: Bangkok's population was much smaller than often suggested in the 19th century.... As long as the area of Bangkok was confined, and the population small, city regulation could be maintained within the traditional Siamese social structures, with Bangkok being, in effect, a royal domain.... The second part of our paper looks at the creation and the role of the Ministry of the Capital, formed in 1892.... The linking [of] Bangkok administrative structure with royal interests produced both a physical and economic stamp on Bangkok which has had an enduring effect on Bangkok's development."

Asia↗
PubMed1988

Intra metropolitan demographic structure: a Seattle example.

"Internal urban variation in demographic character (births, deaths, fertility, natural increase, net migration) is analyzed in relation to age of persons, age of housing, ownership, distance from the CBD [central business district], race, household type and size. A descriptive analysis of maps of these characteristics is followed by simple statistical tests of relations among the variables, in particular distance from the city center. Predictable and strong patterns of spatial structure are consonant with expectations from economic, social, geographic and political urban theory." Data concern King County, Washington, for the period 1980-1985, (the city of Seattle) and are from local sources, including the Puget Sound Council of Governments.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

The design and implementation of a regional economic-demographic simulation model.

The management of urban growth patterns in the United States in order to maximize the benefits of public and private investments in urban areas is examined. The authors present "the results of a modelling design effort to link a hybrid regional input-output model to demographic, labor force and energy models for use in planning in the San Francisco Bay Region. Extensive use of system feedback is a major component of this research effort. Summary results of the model outputs are presented...."

Americas↗
PubMed1985

Overurbanization and underdevelopment in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-national study.

"This paper discusses both the urban bias and world-system theories of overurbanization and presents a cross-national analysis of 32 African nations to test these perspectives. The analysis is divided into three parts. First, the effects of urban bias (i.e., the disparity in welfare between rural and urban areas) and economic dependence on overurbanization are examined. Next, the association between overurbanization and (1) the structure of the labor force and (2) economic growth is tested. Finally, the relationship between the structure of the labor force and economic growth is evaluated." The results indicate that "the rural-urban disparity and foreign investment facilitate overurbanization, and that an increase in level of overurbanization has a deleterious impact on both the structure of the labor force and economic growth. Furthermore, there is strong evidence indicating that an increase in service-sector employment has a negative effect on economic growth."

Africa↗
PubMed1988

The structural and economic implications of urbanization.

"This study surveys the policy issues associated with urbanization following the abolition of the pass laws [in South Africa]. The demographic background is briefly sketched. Using neo-classical analysis as a starting point, particular attention is paid to the present inefficiencies of city form associated with segregation. It is argued that current planning procedures are in danger of perpetuating or even worsening the situation. Obstacles to employment generation are considered and transport, local government and housing issues are discussed. On every front, urbanization policy is unstable and, even in the short term, there will be pressures to change it."

Africa↗
PubMed1987

Evaluating the aggregate spatial structure of Canadian metropolitan areas.

"Few attempts have been made to develop and test a conceptual framework for the comparative analysis of urban spatial structure and growth. This paper offers one aggregate approach as well as a series of empirical tests based on Canada's 27 largest urban areas. Six composite indices are introduced: population densities, rates of change, intraurban population redistribution, mobility rates, incidence of low-income populations, and degree of social polarization. Regression analyses reveal that differences among urban areas in spatial patterning and structural change are consistent with the hypothesized effects of city size, age, transport usage, social heterogeneity, production base, and physical setting. Yet immense regional and intraurban diversity remains. No single model of urban structure is sufficient to capture this diversity." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Americas↗