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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Toxicity evaluation of prophylactic treatments for mites and pinworms in mice.

The detection of external and internal parasites in laboratory mice is a particularly problematic aspect of animal health evaluation. Because these organisms must be detected by direct examination of the feces or hair coat, low-level infestation or sporadic shedding can make them difficult to detect, thereby undermining confidence that negative reports are truly negative. Prophylactic treatment of suspect colonies with anthelminthics and/or insecticides may therefore be indicated under some circumstances. However, when considering the use of prophylactic treatments, the potential for toxicity is an important factor, especially in genetically modified strains of mice. To evaluate the potential toxicity of prophylactic anti- parasitic treatments on strains of mice that are commonly used as experimental models and in genetic engineering in our facility, we surveyed a number of strains and ages of mice for toxic reactions during treatment regimens that combine anthelminthic and anti-acaricidal agents. Three experimental protocols (ivermectin, piperazine, and dichlorvos in combination; ivermectin alone; and fenbendazole/permethrin or fenbendazole/dichlorvos) were evaluated. Our data suggest a potential for toxicity associated with these treatments and indicate to us that prophylactic treatment regimens should be initiated with caution.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Analysis of tick-host parasitic specificity. Evaluation of the Madagascar situation and intense samplings].

Ticks are traditionally considered being host-specific parasites. The pattern of tick-host relationship was elucidated by exhaustive collection from a considerable number of potential hosts from numerous sites in the Malagasy mid-altitude forest. It can from the findings be concluded that the Malagasy ticks found on small mammals may be distinguished as either having a broad host-specificity or being highly host-specific. The results may provide important information in respect to phylogenetic studies with regards to the geological history of Madagascar and its endemic fauna.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Long-term morbidity and spatial distribution of tick-borne encephalitis and ixodes tick-borne borreliosis in Udmurtia].

The paper considers the trends of morbidity due to tick-borne encephalities (TBE) and lxodes tick-borne borrelioses (lTBB) in Udmurtia during 35 years (1965-2000) and evaluates the long-term influence of measures aimed at suppressing natural foci by eliminating the basic vector on this process. For this, data on 1062 cases of fevers occurring after the bite of a tick in Udmurtia in 1965-1968, the similar data on 1509 cases in 1983-1987, and the official data on the incidence of these infections in 1996-2000 have been retrospectively analyzed. It has been shown that in Udmurtia the natural foci of lTBB coexisted with those of TBE long before the pathogens of borrelioses were described and notification of the infection of this group was initiated. In the 1990s, there was a drastic rise in the incidence of TBE and lTBB as compared with the 1960s and 1980s, which was due to an increase in the rate of contacts of the population with natural foci and to the better diagnosis of these infections. The prevalence of lTBB coincides with that of TBE. There is a long (more than 30 years) epidemiological effect in eliminating the vector Ixodes persulcatus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methods for estimating the demographic structure of the taiga tick (Ixodidae) based on results of standard parasitological observations].

A retrospective estimation of the abundance dynamics of the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus in mixed coniferous and leaf-bearing forests of the Udmurtia Republic in the period 1957-1986 was carried out. A possibility to estimate the absolute number of all stages of I. persulcatus based on relative indices. Females of I. persulcatus lay 20,250 eggs per 1 hectare, and this number of eggs gives birth to 15,000 larvae. From this number, 7870 larvae hibernate and 6550 individuals became fed. The number of nymphs is 5930, among which 5110 individuals live up to spring, and 1390 became fed. The number of adult mites in autumn is 1250; in subsequent spring this number decreases to 780. The mean number of engorged females is 8. The mortality rate of ticks caused by the deficit of hosts increases from preimaginal stages to adults; for larvae, nymphs and imago this index is 16.6, 72.8, and 97.9%, respectively. Quotas of individuals with 3-, 4- and 5-year life cycle among the unfed imago are 70.4, 28.0, and 1.6%, respectively.

Animals↗