Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Subdural Space”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Pre-clinical subdural tissue reaction and absorption study of absorbable hemostatic devices.

SURGIFOAM (Absorbable Gelatin Sponge, USP), a new absorbable hemostatic sponge, GELFOAM (Absorbable Gelatin Sponge, USP) or Avitene (microfibrillar collagen hemostat) were evaluated in a three-month tissue reaction and absorption study in rabbits. Bilateral craniotomy was followed by subdural implantation of each hemostatic device. A sham control group was treated in a similar way except that no material was implanted. Implantation of these hemostatic devices for 15, 43, or 92 days did not result in any deaths or clinical neurobehavioral abnormalities, changes in cerebrospinal fluid, or significant macroscopic observations at necropsy. The tissue reaction to SURGIFOAM sponge was characterized by transient granulomatous inflammation that was slightly less intense than that observed for GELFOAM sponge which correlated to slightly longer absorption. In contrast, the tissue reaction to Avitene hemostat was characterized by moderate to marked granulomatous inflammation with an acute inflammatory component indicating a greater degree of tissue irritancy. Sequelae of this reaction were still observed at 92 days post-implantation. The tissue reaction in humans to SURGIFOAM sponge used as a hemostatic agent for neurologic surgical procedures is expected to be comparable to that observed with GELFOAM sponge, resulting in no significant adverse reactions for patients. This animal model was useful to assess the tissue reaction and absorption of biomaterials implanted in contact with the central nervous system, and it was able to differentiate between materials of biologic origin.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Time from ictal subdural EEG seizure onset to clinical seizure onset: prognostic value for selecting temporal lobectomy candidates.

Long-term subdural EEG recording was performed to test the hypothesis that the duration from ictal subdural EEG seizure onset (ECOT) is prognostic for seizure-free outcome following temporal lobectomy. In 48 patients with complex partial seizures, temporal lobectomy was based on invasive localization of the ictal seizure focus. Subdural EEG data were analyzed for association with seizure-free outcome (seizure-free: yes or no) at a minimum of one year following temporal lobectomy. As the duration from ictal subdural EEG seizure onset to clinical seizure onset increased, the odds of being seizure-free postoperatively increased. The best fitting statistical model for predicting seizure-free outcome included seizure onset (unilateral vs. bilateral) and duration from ictal subdural EEG seizure onset to clinical seizure onset. While selection of temporal lobectomy candidates has increasingly emphasized noninvasive recording, some scalp-EEG monitored patients cannot be offered surgery for various reasons, one of which may include ictal EEG seizure onset following clinical seizure onset. When subdural EEG monitoring is performed for selection of temporal lobectomy candidates, analysis of the duration from subdural EEG seizure onset to clinical seizure onset should improve the prognostic value of the subdural EEG data for seizure-free outcome following temporal lobectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Feasibility and limitations of magnetoencephalographic detection of epileptic discharges: simultaneous recording of magnetic fields and electrocorticography.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is considered clinically useful in localizing the epileptogenic focus in partial epilepsy. However, the relationship between the extent of the brain involved in paroxysmal activities and the magnetic field changes at the scalp has not been fully clarified. Furthermore, whether paroxysmal activities generated in deep brain structures such as the hippocampus can be detected magnetically is uncertain. Eight patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and two with extratemporal lobe epilepsy underwent chronic recording from subdural electrodes. Magnetic and electrocorticographic discharges representing epileptic activity were recorded simultaneously. MEG recorded magnetic field changes originating from paroxysmal activity in the superiolateral cerebral cortex when the amplitudes of the electrical paroxysmal activities exceeded 100 microV and extended over more than 3 cm2 of cortical surface. MEG failed to record paroxysmal activity localized to the medial temporal lobe. MEG is often useful in identifying a spike focus in the superiolateral aspects of the cerebral hemisphere, but not discharges arising from the medial temporal lobe. Rapid decay of the magnetic field is likely to be the reason for this limited sensitivity to medial discharges.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cranial MRI predicts outcome of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

The outcome of spontaneous intracranial hypotension has been unpredictable. The results of initial MRI were correlated to outcome of treatment in 33 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. A good outcome was obtained in 25 (97%) of 26 patients with an abnormal MRI vs only 1 (14%) of 7 patients with a normal MRI (p = 0.00004). These findings show that normal initial MRI is predictive of poor outcome in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage: a CT-finding in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Increased attenuation in the basilar cisterns or along the tentorium cerebelli resembling subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be found on CT in the absence of blood (pseudo-SAH). The authors found pseudo-SAH on CT in four of 40 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. All four patients had brain sagging with obliteration of the cisterns and pachymeningeal enhancement along the tentorium cerebelli. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension should be included in the differential diagnosis of pseudo-SAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Subdural empyema complicating meningitis in infants: improved prognosis.

No deaths occurred among six consecutive cases of subdural empyema complicating meningitis in infants treated between 1968 and 1978 at North Carolina Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill. Five of the six infants had no neurologic sequelae in follow-up periods ranging from 6 months to 7 years. This contrasts with a mortality rate of 50% in a previously reported series of infants with subdural empyemas treated between 1955 and 1966 at the same hospital. The reasons for improved prognosis include early diagnosis (computed tomography and subdural paracentesis) and adequate surgical drainage during intensive antibiotic therapy.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1989

Electroencephalographic studies of simple partial seizures with subdural electrode recordings.

We used subdural electrodes to study the EEG features of simple partial seizures in 7 patients. We detected epileptiform discharges in 61 of 68 subdurally recorded simple partial seizures compared with 6 of 55 simple partial seizures recorded with scalp electrodes (p less than 0.0001). The onset of 36 nonmotor simple partial seizures was detected only by the medial and basal temporal subdural electrodes, and the onset of 25 simple partial seizures with motor manifestations was recorded by subdural electrodes only from the lateral cortex of the posterior frontal lobe. There was a close correspondence between the area first involved in the epileptiform discharge during simple partial seizures and the area first involved during complex partial and secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Subdural electrodes may be effective in localizing the onset and spread of simple partial seizures, including those that arise from the medial temporal lobe.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Combined depth and subdural electrode investigation in uncontrolled epilepsy.

We used both depth and subdural electrodes to obtain localization of the seizure focus in 47 medically refractory epileptic patients. Seizures were localized in 33 patients. Onset was consistently localized by the depth electrodes in 23 patients, was variable or simultaneous in depth and subdural electrodes in 6 (in the same lobe), and was consistently localized to subdural electrodes in 4. All patients localized with subdural electrodes were extratemporal and 3 of the 4 had lesions on imaging studies which helped guide location of electrode placement. Eighty-seven percent of temporal lobe seizures began in hippocampus (recorded by the depth electrode), and 80% were eventually propagated to the ipsilateral temporal neocortex (recorded by the subdural electrode). In 8 patients with bilateral temporal depth and subdural recording, seizures never spread to the contralateral neocortex before the ipsilateral neocortex. Subdural electrodes were 20% less sensitive than depth electrodes in detection of seizures beginning in hippocampus but were accurate when lateralized. Variable or simultaneous unilateral neocortical versus hippocampal temporal lobe seizure onset, determined by the combined study, was significantly correlated with less favorable seizure control after anteromedial temporal lobectomy and hippocampectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Epileptic negative myoclonus. Subdural EEG recordings indicate a postcentral generator.

We report a patient with epileptic negative myoclonus (ENM) presenting as status epilepticus of the right arm. The etiology was a cortical malformation in the contralateral postcentral gyrus. Electrical stimulation of the right median nerve revealed giant surface somatosensory evoked potentials. Subdural recordings, performed to plan epilepsy surgery, demonstrated that the epileptogenic zone was in the left postcentral gyrus. Repetitive left postcentral spikes were consistently followed by an EMG silent period in the right arm with a latency of about 20 to 30 msec. The silent period in the EMG reflected the negative myoclonus and lasted 30 to 340 msec, mostly between 100 and 200 msec. Spikes in other regions of the cortex did not elicit ENM. The amplitude and duration of the spikes correlated with the EMG silent period: the more cortex involved in the spike generation, the longer the duration of the silent period. This suggests that epileptic activation of postcentral cortex leads to an inhibition of tonic activity of motor neurons. Focal ENM may be related to a hyperexcitability of the postcentral cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Nonconvulsive focal inhibitory seizure: subdural recording from motor cortex.

The authors obtained an ictal electrocorticogram with chronically implanted subdural electrodes from a 30-year-old man with a low grade glioma in the right postcentral gyrus who had a focal inhibitory seizure of the left arm. During the ictal paresis, the authors observed epileptic discharges in the positive arm motor area of the right precentral gyrus and in its rostral area, but not in the negative motor area. The epileptic activity probably inhibited the spinal motoneuron pool without eliciting excitatory activity in the corticospinal pathway.

Adult↗