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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Explaining social class differences in depression and well-being.

Work characteristics, including skill discretion and decision authority, explain most of the socioeconomic status gradient in well-being and depression in middle-aged British civil servants from the Whitehall II Study, London. Social support explained about one-third of the gradient, life events and material difficulties less than one-third. Socioeconomic status was measured by employment grade. Work characteristics were based on the Karasek model, social support was measured by the Close Persons Questionnaire, depression by the General Health Questionnaire and well-being by the Affect Balance Scale. Despite a small contribution from social selective factors measured by upward mobility, the psychosocial work environment explained most of the cross-sectional socioeconomic status gradient in well-being and depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Mortality differential for cancer based on social class: the metropolitan region of Montreal, 1971].

Cancer mortality rates vary from area to area. Part of this variation is due to socio-economic characteristics of the area and part to other factors including the availability of health services. Three social indicators associated with cancer mortality are used to estimate variations between low and high census sectors within the metropolitan region of Montreal. The components of socio-economic status which have been used are revenue (median family income), education (college and university level) and occupation (higher status profession). For each of the three zones of the metropolitan area: the city of Montreal, the island of Montreal not included the city of Montreal, the north and south shores of the metropolitan area twenty five census sectors have been chosen which having higher or lower positions for each of the socio-economic components. For each group standardized death rates were evaluated for each type of cancer and the Poisson test was applied to judge whether the differences between the projected rate and the observed rate were significant. The results indicate a strong indirect relation between the standardized mortality rates and the socio-economic status in the central city. In the case of lung cancer, the spatial distribution showed district gradients of occurrence between the central-city and the suburbs.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Social class interacts with the association between macronutrient intake and subcutaneous fat.

BACKGROUND: A large amount of evidence shows that adiposity is associated both with macronutrient composition of the habitual diet and socio-economic variables. Since dietary habits may covariate with social status, these two groups of factors may act as mutual confounders when studying their independent impact on adiposity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the independent relationship between educational level and dietary habits with adiposity. To study interactive effects of educational level on the association between macronutrient intake and adiposity. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was based on dietary records, interviews and anthropometry of 358 men and 368 women of the Québec Family Study. STATISTICS: Partial correlation analyses were applied to clarify independent correlations of body fatness with educational level, dietary habits and other behavioural factors. ANCOVA was used to detect interactive effects of educational level on macronutrient versus adiposity relationships. RESULTS: Inverse associations between educational level and BMI, percent body fat, truncal skinfolds were found in women but not in men. Both protein and lipid intake correlated or tended to correlate positively with some of the adiposity measures in women. Protein intake correlated positively with truncal skinfolds in men of lower but not higher educational level. CONCLUSIONS: The results emphasize the importance of including demographic variables like social status in surveys dealing with the relationships between adiposity and dietary habits.

Adipose Tissue↗