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PubMedDate not supplied

Therapists' experiences with computer-assisted instruction in hand therapy.

This pilot study explored therapists' experiences with computer-assisted instruction (CAI) programs as a means of self-study in hand therapy. Qualitative methodology was used to describe the therapists' responses to the CAI programs. Therapists described a number of features that they valued in the CAI programs: the capacity of the CAI to provide multiple sensory input, to gain and hold their attention, to provide feedback, and to provide personalized instruction, as well as the programs' speed and ease of use. Therapists identified the major limitation of the CAI programs as the inability to provide expert guidance for complex problem-solving in hand therapy practice. Future study of the value of CAI and other computer technology for self-study and continuing education is needed so that hand therapists can use these media to optimal advantage.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1984

Use of the hand-held calculator in office ultrasound.

Office ultrasonographers may use various fetal measurements for indices of fetal growth. One index predicts birth weight from biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal circumference from a set of reference tables generated by a computer-assisted analysis. An inexpensive hand-held programmable calculator may be used instead of the reference table to estimate birth weight. It produces results by direct calculation from the original equation after BPD and abdominal circumference are entered as data. A step-by-step program for a representative calculator is provided, along with data entry instructions. The program also will calculate the head-to-abdomen circumference ratio. Other functions that could be placed on pocket calculators include fetal brain-weight calculations or gestational age determinations from limb measurements. Because it is possible to represent any graph or data point set as a polynominal equation, entering the equation into a programmable calculator can eliminate tedious searches through charts and graphs. A table or graph can use only two measured parameters at a time, representing their complex relationship with a result. It is not possible to represent a result in terms of more than two parameters using a single graph or chart. A calculator permits complex calculations relating more than two parameters by the office practitioner as well as the researcher.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1989

Instructional computing in Alberta nursing programs as perceived by program leaders.

This paper summarized data from a survey which was conducted to establish the status of computing in Alberta's professional nursing programs. It describes the hardware and software applications in use and identifies barriers to the growth of instructional computing. The study reveals a range of activity in Alberta's nursing programs and definite progressive trends. Future directions as perceived by program leaders are reported.

Alberta↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of an interactive teaching program to teach medical workers, about MUMPS programming.

The MUMPS computer language is widely and increasingly used for medical applications. It is useful for medical students and others in the medical environment to have an understanding of such languages that can help them perform their jobs well. The author is therefore making available an interactive teaching program to instruct such people in the MUMPS computer language. Use of the teaching program is reported for 19 novice MUMPS programmers and compared with results for two experienced programmers. Free-text comments by the novices emphasize areas in which they had difficulty. There is a considerable variation in the mean time taken by the novices to answer the questions, and in the number of questions repeated because of erroneous answers. Most novices found the teaching program very helpful. A copy of the Standard MUMPS teaching program and the QUEST driver on which it is based has been sent to 24 institutions, including six in Europe and one in Japan, for further use.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer-assisted decision making: a strategy for primary prevention of substance abuse.

A series of six computer-assisted instruction (CAI) programs were developed for primary prevention of substance abuse. The target population, objectives, content, and strategies for the programs were determined from three sources: a literature review of prevention research, theories of learning, and principles of instructional design regarding use of computer technology. Because the focus of the programs is on helping children make responsible choices, the central theme of the programs is on improving decision making.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A program of training in chemical pathology for residents in pathology.

We have developed a new program of instruction in chemical pathology for residents in pathology. The major features that differentiate this program from its predecessor are: first, an emphasis on principles rather than technical details of biochemical analysis; second, didactic instruction and practical experience in laboratory management and administration; and, third, instruction in interpretation and selection of laboratory tests. The organization, content, instructional approaches and learning objectives are described.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactive video instruction increases efficiency in cognitive learning in a baccalaureate nursing education program.

An interactive videodisc instruction module on therapeutic communication in nursing was evaluated to assess its impact on learning and retention. A pre-test, post-test, re-test, control group design was used on two comparison groups. Results showed that the intervention group met therapeutic communication course objectives more efficiently than the control group. Although all 65 student study participants met therapeutic communication course objectives equally well and at a high level by the end of the semester, the intervention group had achieved these objectives at a higher level than the control group within the first month of the semester. The results support the use of computer assisted instruction, and more specifically, interactive videodisc instruction for teaching therapeutic communication skills and permitting an increase in the student-faculty ratio, with no loss in quality.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1989

Hypermedia in radiology: computer-assisted education.

Hypertext is a new computer-based method of presenting information that provides greater flexibility than conventional methods of continuing education. With a hypertext system, an individual using the computer can acquire more information on a word or concept that needs to be pursued in depth. Hypermedia is an expanded concept which uses the computer's ability to incorporate images, sounds, and video images in addition to text. This interactive, multimedia approach customizes information for more effective learning. The authors devised a prototype hypermedia textbook of nuclear medicine using a personal computer with hypermedia software that contains text, graphs, tables, figures, literature citations, and an easily persuable image database. All the information is organized with multiple cross-references, allowing instant branching to relevant facts, in different levels of detail. The system's applications and the ease of expansion or modification by the user are described.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1998

General anesthesia for cesarean section at a tertiary care hospital 1990-1995: indications and implications.

Complications of general anesthesia for cesarean section remain the leading cause of anesthesia-related maternal mortality. General anesthesia, however, is becoming less popular for obstetric anesthesia, and thus fewer cesarean sections are conducted using this technique. As the number of general anesthesia cases decrease, the number of difficult intubations witnessed and managed by residents decreases. In addition, patients who undergo general anesthesia may have co-morbidities which, while not contraindicating regional anesthesia, may increase the risk of providing anesthesia. We reviewed the medical records of 6 calendar years (1990-1995) at our busy tertiary center, to determine patient demographics, indications for cesarean section, indications for general anesthesia, time of day, and complications related to airway management. From 1990 through 1995, cesarean sections under general anesthesia decreased from 7.2% to 3.6% (P=0.0001), however, they were performed on parturients with more maternal diseases (17.2% to 35.8%; P=0.0034). Although the incidence of difficult intubations in those years ranged from 16.3% to 1.3%, only one failed intubation with resultant maternal mortality occurred. Few residency programs offer instruction on the difficult airway in the parturient population. Organized airway management programs specifically for the obstetric population may assist efforts to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with the provision of general anesthesia for cesarean section.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Development of transferable skills during short special study modules: students' self-appraisal.

Special study modules (SSMs) were introduced into the Leeds undergraduate medical curriculum following recommendations by the General Medical Council (GMC). The main rationale behind such project work is to enable students to develop the skills and attitudes necessary for future self-directed learning along with the knowledge required to practise as competent doctors. At the University of Leeds, the students complete SSM monitoring forms for each SSM in the fourth year, aimed at allowing students to self-evaluate the SSMs. In addition, it provides useful feedback from the students on the themes of the projects as well as on the transferable skills developed by the students during their individual SSMs. The aim of the study was to identify the themes pursued in each project, look at the transferable skills developed and evaluate the differences or similarities between the type of project pursued and the themes and skills identified in the different specialities. A total of 181 monitoring forms of fourth-year students were analysed for the themes and the transferable skills identified. There were 55 students each in Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics and 50 students each in Psychiatry and General Practice/Public Health. The results from the four specialities were compared for themes and skills identified. Overall, health and prevention was the commonest theme identified followed by communication skills (64.4% and 62.7% respectively). All transferable skills were well represented in the different specialities with information gathering and learning/organizational skills identified by most students as the major component. The feedback from the students is positive in terms of a wide range of transferable skills developed and most of the themes identified by the GMC are being pursued.

Clinical Competence↗