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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Interstitial nephropathy, tapeto-retinal degeneration and cataract. Apropos of a new case].

A case of chronic interstitial renal disease is reported. Onset was manifested at the age of three by polyuria and polydipsia. The child was hospitalized at the age of eleven for renal failure and tapetoretinal degenerescence with cataract were found. The simultaneous occurrence of interstitial renal disease and tapetoretinal degenerescence is well-known. However, this case where cataract was also present illustrates the fact that tapetoretinal degenerescence is not the only ocular abnormality found in this interstitial nephropathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Familial juvenile nephronophthisis--a genetically-caused kidney disease].

It is reported on the course of the autosomal recessive transmitted familiar juvenile nephronophthisis in 3 siblings. Direct symptoms are polydipsia and polyuria with terminal course of chronic renal failure which could treated by dialysis and transplantation. Examination of the safe (parents) and possible (healthy siblings) heterozygotes was without particularities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Polyuric dilatation of the urinary tract in congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Clinical and diagnostic aspects. Presentation of a case and review of the literature].

Massive polyuria existing in congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can cause a more or less severe dilatation of the urinary tract in absence of obstruction. Clinical and diagnostic aspects of this pathology are presented relating then with other types of diabetes insipidus. One case of bilateral severe dilatation with evolution towards renal atrophia is presented. Mechanical obstruction was discarded. The disease was refractory to urinary concentration tests and therapy to reduce urine volume. The possible etiopathological mechanisms of functional obstruction and surgical alternatives directed to preserve the kidney function are explained and discussed. The current literature is reviewed but the cases reported are few due to the low incidence of urological affectation. Presence of kidney atrophia is exceptional.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hyperprostaglandin E syndrome in a nine-year-old child].

The authors describe the history of a nine year old girl, with a disease that seemed to be hyperprostaglandin-E syndrome. They give a survey of the literature about the pathophysiological cause of the disease, the clinical and laboratory findings and the effect of indomethacin, which can inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prolonged treatment with indomethacin can decrease the urinary excretion of prostaglandine, polyuria and hypercalciuria and it can moderate the growth retardation. They found the same but milder clinical and laboratory features at the four year old brother of the patient too.

Calcium↗
PubMed1990

Adverse effects of gentamicin in scarlet macaws and galahs.

The adverse effects of administration of gentamicin (5 mg/kg of body weight, IM, q 12 h) for 7 days were studied in healthy scarlet macaws (Ara macao) and galahs (Eolophus roseicapillus; cockatoos). Polydipsia and polyuria developed in each species, but were greater and persisted longer in the cockatoos. Peak water intake in the cockatoos more than quadrupled, and remained increased for 23 days after cessation of gentamicin administration. Plasma aspartate transaminase activity increased significantly (P less than 0.05) after treatment in the macaws, and plasma aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased in the cockatoos. Single IM administration of gentamicin (5 mg/kg) resulted in mean (+/- SEM) plasma concentration of 20.6 (+/- 1.85) micrograms/ml at 0.5 hour for either species of birds. There were no significant differences between mean plasma gentamicin concentrations for cockatoos and macaws at any time after drug administration, except at 12 hours, when values for cockatoos were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than those for macaws. The elimination half-life for gentamicin after IM administration of 5 and 10 mg/kg was 1.17 and 1.07 hours, respectively, for macaws and 1.23 and 1.44 hours, respectively, for cockatoos. Correlation between drug disposition and adverse side effects could not be detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Vascular permeability and microcirculation in patients with hemorrhagic fever associated with renal syndrome].

Vascular permeability and microcirculation (MC) were studied in 25 patients with hemorrhagic fever associated with the renal syndrome (HFRS). A considerable increase in vascular permeability for liquid and protein was recorded during oligoanuria and polyuria. These parameters slowly returned to normal with recovery. Investigation of MC identified the presence of changes mainly occurring in the intra- and extravascular parts of MC: turbidity of the angioscopic background, hemorrhages, spread sludge, atonia of the venules, winding of all groups of the vessels, aneurysms of the venules, and so forth. The increased vascular permeability and MC impairment are important components of the pathogenesis of HFRS which should be taken into consideration during institution of the pathogenetic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fetal urine output in hydramnios.

Fetal urine output was evaluated in 12 pregnancies complicated by hydramnios. Six of these pregnancies were twin gestations with markedly elevated fetal urine output of the hyperperfused fetus. All six fetuses had urine output greater than the 95th percentile for their gestational age. These six patients were evaluated prior to and during the 29th week of pregnancy. Three singleton gestations had upper gastrointestinal obstruction and normal fetal urine output of 18.7, 18.0, and 12.3 mL/hour at 35, 35, and 31 weeks' gestation, respectively. Markedly elevated fetal urine output of 18 mL/hour (tenth to 95th percentile at 26 weeks, 4-7 mL/hour) was present in one fetus that was subsequently found to have diabetes insipidus. The remaining two singleton pregnancies with idiopathic hydramnios had upper limits of normal fetal urine output of 10 and 13 mL/hour at 31 and 32 weeks, respectively. It appears that hydramnios may be the result of polyuria of the hyperperfused twin in cases of twin-twin transfusion or diabetes insipidus. In upper gastrointestinal obstruction or idiopathic hydramnios, increased fetal urination does not appear to be present.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Congenital central diabetes insipidus in two sibling Afghan hound pups.

Congenital central diabetes insipidus was determined to be the cause of polydipsia and polyuria in sibling pups. Both pups were lacking adequate plasma arginine vasopressin concentration, compared with that in control dogs. Microscopic abnormalities were confined to the brain and pituitary gland in one pup. Without breeding trials of these dogs or their relatives, it cannot be determined whether the cause was familial.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in a cat.

Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism was diagnosed in a 9-year-old, male castrated cat that had polyuria, polyphagia, pendulous abdomen, truncal hair loss, congestive heart failure, and insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus. Results of pituitary-adrenal function testing revealed inadequate serum cortisol suppression following dexamethasone administration, exaggerated serum cortisol responses after exogenous ACTH stimulation, and high plasma ACTH concentrations. The pathologic findings of bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia and a pituitary adenoma that immunostained well for ACTH-related peptides confirmed pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1986

Subtotal nephrectomy in the rabbit: a model of chronic hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, and obstructive nephropathy.

The association of a critical reduction in renal mass with the subsequent destruction of remaining nephrons has been observed in several species. We studied this process in experimental rabbits after 1 2/3 nephrectomy to define the course and its pathogenesis in this species. Control rabbits underwent sham operative procedures. After renal ablation, rabbits became increasingly cachectic and developed polyuria and hypertension. Despite food intake similar to that of controls (grams per kilogram per day), experimental rabbits developed severe hypercalcemia by 5 to 8 weeks after renal ablation, a change that persisted until death. During the study 17 experimental animals died of uremia 9 to 27 weeks after surgery, and the remaining seven experimental and 25 sham-operated rabbits were sacrificed at 5 to 7 months. At death, 19/24 experimental rabbits had severe obstruction of their collecting systems by concretions of gravel (n = 3) or large calcium carbonate stones (n = 16). Renal biopsy at 4 weeks revealed focal interstitial round cell infiltration progressing by 12 weeks to diffuse tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Histologic evidence of obstruction was also evident at this time and became extensive on all subsequent examinations. By contrast, the glomeruli remained well preserved without evidence of sclerosis. We speculate that chronic hypercalcemia and, perhaps more significantly, urinary obstruction may have altered intrarenal hemodynamics and prevented the development of progressive sclerosis observed in the rat remnant kidney model. The present study describes an experimental model of chronic hypercalcemia and spontaneous calcium carbonate nephrolithiasis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the model of "dry" immersion on the indicators of water-electrolyte metabolism and aldosterone and cortisol in the plasma of persons with different levels of body water].

Experiments were carried out to study the effect of dry immersion on fluid-electrolyte metabolism, aldosterone and cortisol content in 22 test subjects with varying content of water in the organism. It was found that dry immersion produced a diuretic effect and facilitated a higher excretion of electrolytes and a lower aldosterone content. The test subjects with a higher content of water in the organism (16 subjects) exhibited a more distinct and prolonged polyuria. During the recovery period the aldosterone content increased insignificantly and failed to return to the baseline level, in contrast to the subjects with a normal content of water in the organism.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Diabetes insipidus following obstetric shock.

The first known case of obstetric shock followed by diabetes insipidus without anterior pituitary deficiency is presented. A patient developed extreme thirst and polyuria after massive bleeding and prolonged shock due to placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion. Evaluation confirmed diabetes insipidus sensitive to vasopressin administration. Anterior pituitary deficiency could not be identified, either acutely or 6 months later.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Fluid and electrolyte disturbances in patients with intracranial aneurysms.

Eighty-eight cases with water and electrolyte disturbances, including polyuria, hyper- or hyponatremia, were found in 1,000 cases of surgically treated cerebral aneurysms and 80 nonoperated cases. In this paper, the clinical courses of the 88 cases were studied and an investigation was made of the hypothalamic lesions seen in ten autopsy cases. Water and electrolyte disturbances were most numerous in cases of anterior communicating aneurysms, and the prognosis was poor. Those with hypernatremia had a poor prognosis, with a 42% mortality rate during hospitalization. In contrast, the mortality rate for those with hyponatremia was 15%. Post-mortem studies showed various hemorrhagic and/or ischemic changes in the hypothalamus, with a high incidence of cerebral vasospasm. Massive hemorrhages in the hypothalamus tended to be associated with hypernatremia.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[Neonatal renal papillary necrosis].

Renal papillary necrosis was detected early by plasma and urine analyses in a neonate with the respiratory distress syndrome. The intravenous urogram demonstrated characteristic features of the condition. Initial symptoms were polyuria, urinary salt loss and haematuria, but the only residual abnormality was a mild defect in urinary concentrating ability.

Hematuria↗
PubMed1979

[Dopamine hydro-natriuresis. - II) Interactions of dopamine and expansion of extracellular liquid volume].

We have observed that in the presence of salt retention (DOCA pretreatment) dopamine (DA) promoted a hydro-natriuretic effect; in contrast in salt depletion (natriuretic pretreatment) the changes in sodium tubular reabsorption and in urinary flow were non significant. The present study was designed to identify the possible mechanisms underlying the hydro-natriuretic effect. DA was infused at a subpressor rate (0,1 microgram/kg . min) during induced hypotonic polyuria. 19 healthy human subjects at different degree of salt retention were studied. The results demonstrate that the tubular inhibitory effects produced by DA on the % sodium reabsorptions (total as % of sodium filtered load, anisosmotic as % of sodium distal load) are the higher the lower are the control values of these reabsorptions. Hence DA appears to act by enhancing the inhibitory tubular response elicited by salt retention. Moreover these inhibitory effects are positively related with the simultaneous DA-induced haemodynamic effects. This suggests that the decrease in sodium reabsorptions during DA infusion is haemodynamically mediated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Sulpiride and the effect of dopamine on the kidney in human salt retention].

Experiments were performed to investigate the renal interaction between dopamine (DA) and sulpiride (S), an antagonistic drug for the central dopaminic receptors. DA was infused at a subpressor rate (0,1 microgram/kg . min) during induced hypotonic polyuria. In 8 healthy subjects in a condition of salt retention (DOCA pretreatment) two successive studies were carried out in the presence and in the absence of S. The drug treatment was started two days before the experiment. BOth the renal response to hydration and the renal effects of DA are modified by S treatment. 1) S enhances the hydro-saluretic effect produced by hydration. 2) During the early period of DA infusion, S counteracts the increase DA-induced in renal plasma flow. However the inhibitory tubular effects and the increase in the hydro-saluresis produced by DA are not significantly different from those observed in the absence of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Low-dose dopamine as an activator of renal catecholamine receptors of different classes. I. Studies in water-salt depletion].

The renal function in healthy man with salt and water depletion induced by natriuretic treatment was explored during steady hypotonic polyuria. Four 15 min clearance (cl.) periods, before, during and after dopamine (DA) infusion in a subpressor dose were performed. The 12 examined subjects showed different renal hemodynamic responses in the early stage of DA infusion, i.e. hyperemic (4 subjects, subgroup A) or ischemic (8 subjects, subgroup B). A decrease in urinary sodium excretion and increase in tubular sodium reabsorption, in particular at the diluting segment level, were induced by DA in both subgroups, at least in the late stage of infusion. During the control cl. period in subgroup A as compared with B the renal plasma flow was lower and the tubular sodium reabsorption higher, suggesting a relatively higher level of renal adrenergic activity.

Dopamine↗
PubMed1984

[Low-dose dopamine as an activator of renal catecholamine receptors of different classes. II. Studies in water-saline depletion and associated adrenergic blockade].

The renal function in healthy man with salt and water depletion (natriuretic pretreatment) associated with adrenergic blocking agents administration was explored during steady hypotonic polyuria. Four 15 min clearance (cl.) periods, before, during and after dopamine (DA) infusion in a subpressor dose, were performed. The 9 subjects treated with prazosin showed different renal hemodynamic responses in the early stage of DA infusion i.e. hyperemic (6 subjects, subgroup A) or ischemic (3 subjects, subgroup B). The whole group of 6 subjects treated with propranolol showed an hyperemic response DA infusion. A natriuretic effect and a trend towards tubular sodium reabsorption inhibition, in particular at the diluting segment level, were associated with the DA vasodilatory responses. The ischemic responses to DA occurred in the presence of incomplete alpha-adrenergic receptors blockade; nevertheless in the same circumstances DA failed to increase the diluting segment sodium reabsorption.

Dopamine↗