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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A reassessment of comparative pregnancy and implantation rates following embryo transfer in recipients vs their infertile donors also trying to conceive in the background of performing salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx.

PURPOSE: To compare pregnancy and implantation rates in egg donors trying to conceive vs their recipients in the background of salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx prior to IVF-ET. METHODS: A retrospective six-year review of all donor egg cycles where the eggs are supplied by an infertile donor trying to conceive herself was carried out. Salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx was performed prior to IVF-ET. RESULTS: Clinical and delivered pregnancy rates (PRs) following fresh ET were not significantly different in donors vs recipients (60.0%, 45.8% vs 56.8%, 50.8%). Implantation rates were 27.3% vs 32.6%. The respective implantation rates following frozen ET were 13.8% and 14.4%. CONCLUSIONS: In the background of salpingectomy for hydrosalpinges the much higher PRs in recipients vs donors is no longer seen. The trend for higher implantation rates in recipients (about 20%) following fresh but not frozen transfer could still reflect some adverse effect of the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation regimen in a minority of women.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of pituitary suppression and the women's age on embryo viability and uterine receptivity.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of pituitary suppression and the women's age on embryo viability and uterine receptivity. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 394 embryo transfers (ET) after in vitro fertilization (IVF). SETTING: Community hospital IVF program from 1986 to 1990. PATIENTS: Three groups were studied: women less than 40 years with pituitary suppression (group 1) and without pituitary suppression (group 2); women 40 years of age and older with pituitary suppression (group 3). INTERVENTIONS: Pituitary suppression was achieved in groups 1 and 3 with daily leuprolide acetate starting in the luteal phase; human menopausal gonadotropin and progesterone were given intramuscularly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ongoing and multiple ongoing pregnancy rates (PRs) were compared in the three groups. A mathematical model of implantation was used to estimate embryo viability and uterine receptivity. RESULTS: Ongoing and multiple ongoing PRs per ET in group 1 (28.6% and 12.3%) were significantly higher than the corresponding rates in group 2 (16.9% and 2.4%) and in group 3 (16.9% and 3.4%). Implantation analysis revealed higher embryo viability without change in uterine receptivity with pituitary suppression (group 1 versus 2). Decrease in both embryo viability and uterine receptivity was noted in women greater than 40 (group 1 versus 3). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Pituitary suppression improved implantation outcome by increasing embryo viability with no change in uterine receptivity and was associated with a high multiple PR in women less than 40; (2) in women greater than 40 both embryo viability and, to a lesser extent, uterine receptivity were decreased; (3) transfer of a larger number of embryos in older patients may improve IVF outcome without excessive risk of multiple pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The structural, functional, and nutritional adaptation of college basketball players over a season.

The purpose of this study was to determine the structural, functional and nutritional adaptation of college basketball players over a season. Structure was determined by somatotype and body composition, function was determined by peak work capacity and work efficiency, and nutrition was determined by plasma metals analysis. The tests were performed twice on each of the eight subjects, one preseason (PRS) and one postseason (PST). A small structural adaptation was indicated by a mean decrease (less than 1 kg) in fat free weight and an increase in ectomorphy (less than 0.03). Body weight and skinfolds did not change significantly. Functional adaptation was indicated by a one minute decrease in running time for the work capacity test (p less than 0.002), and an increase (p less than 0.02) in VO2 for the work efficiency test. Nutritional adaptation was indicated by a greater mobilization of plasma Zn after exercise during PST than PRS. Plasma Cu apparently was mobilized during exercise in PST but the change during the season (-10 to -6.6%) was not statistically significant because of the large interindividual variability in response. Structural and functional adaptation to basketball training over a collegiate season is small; however, the change in Zn mobility and the tendency for a concomitant change in Cu mobilization offers a unique finding to help explain the nutritional adaptation to training.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

The arcuate line of the rectus sheath--does it exist?

The lower halves of the anterior abdominal wall of 40 human specimens of both sexes and various ages were studied. The anatomical features seen were widely variable and quite different from the conventional picture. The fibres of the posterior lamina of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses gradually shift from the posterior to the anterior rectus sheath starting from the level of the umbilicus down to the level of the symphysis pubis. Thus, these anterior laminae gradually increase in thickness at the expense of their posterior laminae. As a result, the arcuate line is absent. Instead, one or more of the following features could be seen: (i) A gradually thinned out but complete PRS. (ii) An ill-defined or double arcuate line. (iii) A complete PRS of nearly normal thickness. (iv) A dense well-formed transverse aponeurotic band crossing from one side to the other at the level of the umbilicus, symphysis pubis or midway between them.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1991

Human serum albumin versus serum: a comparative study on embryo transfer medium.

OBJECTIVE: This study has examined the efficacy of human albumin as a replacement for serum in embryo transfer (ET) medium. DESIGN: In a prospective, randomized study, 224 cycles were analyzed. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: in group A, embryos were transferred in 75% serum; in group B, in 8% serum; and in group C, 2.25% human serum albumin (HSA). SETTING: All the ETs were performed in patients from the in vitro fertilization program of the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: In 194 patients, 224 ETs were performed. The patients were selected when they had at least one good-quality embryo. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Use of albumin in culture medium resulted in higher pregnancy rates (PRs). To further simplify the procedure, albumin was also used in ET medium. RESULTS: An overall PR of 43% in group A, 27% in group B, and 36% in group C was achieved. No significant difference was observed in PRs between three different transfer media. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that HSA is a safe and suitable replacement for serum, both in embryo culture and in the transfer medium.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Gynecologic Oncology Group experience with ifosfamide.

In July 1985, the Gynecologic Oncology Group initiated a series of phase II trials with ifosfamide/mesna in advanced or recurrent gynecologic malignancies. Previously untreated patients received ifosfamide 1.5 g/m2/d intravenously (IV) for 5 days. Mesna was given IV every 4 hours for three doses after ifosfamide administration at a dose of 20% of the daily ifosfamide dose. All patients with ovarian cancer and 87% of those with cervical cancer had had prior platinum-based therapy. Because of the toxicity encountered in previously treated patients with ovarian carcinoma, the dose of ifosfamide was reduced to 1.2 g/m2/d in those who had had prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In epithelial ovarian carcinoma, responses were observed in eight (20%) of 41 evaluable patients, with three (7%) complete responses (CRs). Response duration was 2.1 to 20.3+ months (median, 6.9+ months). In squamous carcinoma of the cervix, 3 (11.1%) of 27 evaluable patients had partial responses (PRs) of 1.8-, 2.2-, and 3.1-month duration. Of 26 untreated patients with mixed mesodermal tumors of the uterus, 5 (19.2%) had CRs and 3 (11.5%) had PRs, for an overall response rate of 30.7%. Response duration was 1.4+ to 8.6 months, with a median of 3.8 months. Toxicity included two deaths from renal insufficiency and a third related to neurologic impairment. Hematologic toxicity was manageable. Ifosfamide/mesna has activity in a wide range of gynecologic malignancies.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

[The radiation load on patients during electron x-ray scanning].

Radiation exposure of critical organs and tissues to external x-ray radiation and internal irradiation from a RP was estimated on the basis of analysis of dosimetric investigations during electron x-ray scanning in 645 cancer patients. Radiation exposure of critical organs and tissues during electron x-ray scanning was shown to depend on the properties of PRs and on the location of a beam of x-ray radiation with relation to an organ. During the use of electron x-ray scanning equivalent doses exceeded doses of short-lived PRs (113mIn, 99mTc) and, on the contrary, at administration of such RPs as 75Se, 67Ga, 85Sr these doses were much lower.

Electrons↗
PubMed1987

Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of two distinct cDNAs for rat phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase.

The rat Yoshida sarcoma (YS) cDNA library was screened using oligonucleotide probes designed from peptide sequences of rat phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase, and two distinct clones were obtained. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that both clones encode 317 amino acids containing the peptide sequences. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two differ only by 13 residues (96%) identity), whereas the nucleotide sequences are relatively divergent (81% identity in the coding regions). These results, together with N-terminal amino acid sequencing data, suggest the existence of two different subunits of this enzyme, designated as PRS I and II (their genes as PRPS1 and PRPS2). Transcripts of 2.3 and 3.7 kilobases were detected in YS cells and rat liver by Northern blot analysis, using PRS I and II cDNAs respectively, as probes. In the liver, the expression of both genes increased after partial hepatectomy.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Phase II clinical evaluation of doxifluridine.

Disease-oriented phase II trials of doxifluridine were performed in advanced colorectal, breast, renal, endometrial, stomach, and ovarian carcinomas. The dose schedule recommended by the phase I trial (12.5 g/m2 by continuous iv infusion over 6 hours once a week for 3 weeks followed by a 1-week rest) was chosen first: the initial dose was later decreased to 10 g/m2 due to the fact that several neurotoxic effects were reported. A total of 207 patients were entered: 137 patients who received at least two courses of treatment were evaluable for response. Therapeutic activity was demonstrated in breast cancer [two complete responses (CR) and 13 partial responses (PR) among 42 patients], colon cancer (seven PRs among 35 patients), and rectal cancer (six PRs among 23 patients). Some therapeutic activity was detected in ovarian cancer (one CR among nine patients), endometrial cancer (one PR among five patients), and stomach cancer (one PR among five patients). No significant activity was noticed in renal cancer (one PR among 18 patients). Nonhematological toxicity was evaluated according to World Health Organization criteria. Nausea and vomiting were recorded in 50% of the patients (Grade 3-4 in 5%), diarrhea was recorded in 20% (Grade 3-4 in 5%), and cutaneous and allergic reactions were recorded in 10% (Grade 3-4 in 2%). Myelotoxicity during the first treatment course was mild; median wbc and platelet count nadirs (x 10(9) cells/L) were 4.1 (range, 0.1-11) and 194 (range, 20-482), respectively. Nevertheless, some cases of acute leukopenia and thrombopenia were reported. Consciousness alterations and neurologic symptoms were the major side effects (72 of 173 evaluable patients), since treatment had to be interrupted in 34 patients and four lethal neurotoxic effects occurred. At the same total dose of doxifluridine, the risk of neurotoxicity significantly increases with age and with the weekly dose and to the contrary it decreases with increasing bilirubin level. Although activity was demonstrated, this treatment cannot be recommended because of major neurotoxicity. Further pharmacological studies seem warranted to define the optimal dosage schedule and to obtain a better therapeutic index.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A single-blind study of clocapramine and sulpiride in hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients.

The therapeutic effects, safety and side-effects of clocapramine and sulpiride were evaluated in 52 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients using a single-blind method during an 8-week trial period. While the final global improvement rating showed clocapramine to be superior to sulpiride, the differences were not statistically significant. The time course of the total psychiatric rating scales (PRS) showed a progressive decline during treatment for both drugs, and at the end of treatment clocapramine proved significantly lower in total PRS than did sulpiride. In the improvement of psychotic symptoms, clocapramine seemed to be superior to sulpiride with respect to motor retardation, delusion, hallucination or disturbance of self-consciousness, social isolation or withdrawal, and recreation or work. Side-effects appeared more frequently with clocapramine than with sulpiride, but abnormal laboratory-test results appeared less in clocapramine-treated patients than in sulpiride-treated ones. Neither side-effects nor abnormal laboratory-test results induced by the two drugs were severe enough to terminate administration. Clocapramine is concluded to have a more favourable effect on negative symptoms, as well as on some positive symptoms of chronic schizophrenia, than sulpiride.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer: present status, future prospects.

The chemotherapy of gastric carcinoma is at an important point in its evolution. Multiple studies with a variety of agents have demonstrated that combination chemotherapy appears to be superior to single-agent chemotherapy in regard to response rate but not survival rate. The typical single agent results in response rates of 20% or less, whereas the typical combination chemotherapy regimen results in response rates of 30% to 50%. The FAM (5-fluorouracil [5-FU], doxorubicin, mitomycin C) chemotherapy regimen, widely used during the last 10 years, produces partial responses (PRs) in 35% of patients. However, the overall complete response (CR) rate is only 2%. Long-term survival of patients with disseminated malignancy is only achieved when treatments produce CR of disease. Because available combination chemotherapy approaches to gastric cancer only produce PRs, it is not surprising that there has been no impact on patient survival from these approaches. There are several newer approaches that hold promise in the treatment of gastric cancer. For example, the role of cisplatin in gastric cancer has not been completely defined. A recent study of FAP (5-FU, doxorubicin, cisplatin) has reported a 50% response rate with a significant number of CRs. The FAP regimen needs further exploration. The drug triazinate appears to have activity in gastric cancer, and in combination with mitomycin C produces a 28% response rate in patients who had failed chemotherapy regimens containing fluorinated pyrimidine. Thus, the efficacy of this drug needs further exploration in stomach cancer therapy. There is no clear definition of the future role of hepatic arterial infusion in gastric cancer. There is no question that, in colon cancer, response rates with fluorinated pyrimidine alone or fluorinated pyrimidine with mitomycin C are in the range of 50% when hepatic arterial infusion is used. This approach needs to be explored in gastric cancer. Finally, the use of intraperitoneal (IP) therapy in patients with minimal disease should be explored, because a common form of relapse in carcinoma of the stomach is IP dissemination.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

[Early phase II trial of bestrabucil in hematological malignancies].

Thirty-three patients with various hematological malignancies were treated with Bestrabucil, the benzoate of an estradiol-chlorambucil conjugate, at doses of 50-300 mg daily p.o., consecutively. Nineteen patients had previously received chemotherapy. Of 29 evaluable patients, there were one CR and three PRs among 6 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, two CRs and one PR among 4 patients with malignant lymphoma, two PRs among 3 patients with adult T-cell leukemia, one PR among 4 patients with macroglobulinemia, one PR for one patient with essential thrombocythemia, and one PR for a patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia. Main side effects included G1 symptoms (14%), estradiol-related symptoms (24%) and myelosuppression (32%).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Phase II study of prednimustine in follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia].

A phase II study of Prednimustine (PMN) was conducted for follicular lymphoma (FL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). PMN at a dose of 40-60 mg/body, p.o. every day, was administered to 17 patients with FL and 4 with CLL. The dose and schedule of PMN was modified according to hematological toxicity. Among the 17 patients with FL, there were 6 (35.3%) CRs and 7 (41.2%) PRs, with a high response rate of 76.5%. Among the 4 patients with CLL, there were 2 PRs and one case which showed clinical improvement. PMN was effective for cases of FL and CLL refractory to alkylating agents, and therefore the result suggested a lack of clinical cross-resistance to these agents. As to the side effects observed in patients with FL, mild leukopenia (median of lowest count 3,150/mm3) occurred. One case experienced anorexia, while increased appetite was observed in 4 cases. We conclude that PMN is effective for FL and CLL, and that in addition, it has an advantage in that its mild side effects allow long-term administration through outpatient clinics, so that the quality of life for patients is not impaired.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Phase II study of cisplatin in cervical and endometrial carcinomas].

A phase II group study of cisplatin for cervical and endometrial carcinomas was carried out in 19 institutes throughout Japan. The patients entered consisted of 62 women with cervical and 7 with endometrial carcinoma of whom 39 and 4 were evaluable, respectively. Cisplatin was administered in either of two regimens; 10-20 mg/m2 i.v., on days 1-5, or 50-100 mg/m2 i.v., on day 1, every 3 to 4 weeks. The responders comprised 4 CRs and 10 PRs for cervical carcinoma and 1 CR and 2 PRs for endometrial carcinoma, and the response rates were 35.9% and 75.0%, respectively. The response rates by histological classification were 39.4% (13/33) for squamous cell carcinoma and 16.7% (1/6) for non-squamous cell carcinoma. Response rates analysed by lesion site were 33.3% for primary tumors, 36.8% for local lesions and 33.3% for metastases. Furthermore, the response rate among patients without any prior chemotherapy was 44.4% vs. 16.7% for those with prior chemotherapy. Adverse effects included nausea and vomiting (95.3%), anorexia (93%), anemia (72.1%), leucopenia (60.5%) and elevation of BUN (16.3%). Adverse effects were tolerable. We concluded from these results that cisplatin is among the most efficacious and useful drugs against cervical (and endometrial) carcinoma(s).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Phase II trial of cisplatin and etoposide in children with advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a report from the Italian Cooperative Rhabdomyosarcoma Group.

A phase II multicenter evaluation of cisplatin (90 mg/m2, Day 1) and etoposide (150 mg/m2, Days 2, 3, and 4) in 4-week cycles was carried out in 21 relapsed children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and six with non-RMS soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS). Clinical responses were evaluated after four cycles. There were three complete responses (CRs) and four partial responses (PRs) among the 21 patients with RMS and no responses among the patients with NRSTS. The durations of the three CRs and the four PRs were 11, 9, and 8 months, and 5, 2, 2, and 1 month, respectively. Bone marrow and renal toxicity was cumulative and predictable, but not life threatening. The response rate (CR + PR = 33.3%) to cisplatin and etoposide warrants testing as front-line therapy for RMS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[VP 16-213].

Phase II-III trials of oral VP 16-213 (VP 16) were conducted in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Of 29 heavily pretreated patients (pts) with NHL treated VP 16 at a dose of 200 mg/d days 1-5 q 3w, there were 3 CRs and 6 PRs (CR + PR : 31%) lasting 16 (7-185) weeks. Of 19 pts with NHL in stages III-IV treated by a non-cross alternating regimen consisting of AVCP (ADM, VCR, CPM, PDN)/EMLP (VP 16, MTX, L-ASP PDN), there were 4 CRs (21%) and 14 PRs (74%) lasting a median duration of 4.5 months. A combination consisting of VCR. VP 16 and CPM (VEC) was administered to a total of 29 pts with SCLC. Nine out of 10 pts with LD and 10 out of 19 pts with ED were attained CR after 2 cycles of VEC and subsequent irradiation to primary tumor. A median survival time of CR (LD + ED) exceeded one year while that of PR was 7+ months. These results indicated that oral VP 16 has significant activity for NHL and SCLC and lack of cross resistance to conventional drugs used for NHL.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

Effect of autologous serum and steroid hormone receptors on direct cloning of human breast cancer.

Thirty-seven samples of human primary breast cancer were processed for direct cloning in methylcellulose (MC) cultures. Of the 37 specimens plated, 19 tumors (51%) grew with a plating efficiency (PE) of 0.012%. Both growing and nongrowing tumors belonged mostly to the ductal histologic type. The use of autologous serum v fetal calf serum did not affect the PE. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between the level of estrogen receptors and especially of progesterone receptors (PRs) and the ability of tumors to grow in MC culture. These findings underline the difficulty of cloning fresh specimens of human solid tumors and indicate that malignant cells with a high concentration of PRs may also have a degree of differentiation that leads to a reduced clonogenic ability.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Phase II study of vindesine, cisplatin, and hexamethylmelamine (VCH) in small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Forty-two patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with cycles given every 28 days consisting of a combination of vindesine (3 mg/m2 if on Days 1 and 15), cisplatin (75 mg/m2 iv on Day 1), and hexamethylmelamine (200 mg/m2 orally on Days 8-22). Thirty-four patients were evaluable for response. Partial remission (PR) or complete remission (CR) was noted in seven (three CRs and four PRs) of nine previously untreated patients (77%) and in eight (one CR and seven PRs) of 25 patients treated previously with intensive chemotherapy (32%). This drug combination deserves consideration for inclusion in sequential combination chemotherapy regimens.

Adult↗