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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The bovine bivariate flow karyotype and peak identification by chromosome painting with PCR-generated probes.

A bovine bivariate flow karyotype has been established from a primary fibroblast cell culture carrying a 4;10 Robertsonian translocation. From 27 to 36 populations could be resolved by flow cytometry although the anticipated number was 31. Separation of chromosomal pairs into two populations explains this high resolution and confirms the high level of heteromorphism previously observed. We used a PARM-PCR (Priming Authorizing Random Mismatches) procedure for the production of paint probes from flow-sorted chromosome fractions. These probes were used for chromosome identification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on R-banded metaphase spreads. We present the localization of all the bovine chromosome types on the flow karyotype. Twenty-two chromosome types including the translocated chromosome were sorted as pure fractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

HeLa D98/aH-2 studied by chromosome painting and conventional cytogenetical techniques.

Metaphase chromosomes of HeLa D98/AH-2 cells were studied by GTG-banding, NOR-silver staining and in situ hybridization using libraries specific for each human chromosome as probes (chromosome painting). The structure and composition of all marker chromosomes could be determined, allowing a critical assessment of earlier studies. The revised HeLa D98/AH-2 karyotype should provide a reference standard in certain cancer cytogenetic studies.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1981

Skin tumors induced by painting nitrosoalkylureas on mouse skin.

The carcinogenic action of nitrosamides has been investigated by applying a 0.04 M solution in acetone of 17 nitrosoalkylureas and one nitrosoalkylcarbamate to the shaved interscapular skin of female Swiss mice. Each of a group of 20 mice received 25 microliter of solution twice a week for 40 or 50 weeks, after which the animals were observed until death or 100 weeks. The appearance and progression of skin tumors within the painted area was charted for each animal. Nitroso-2-fluoroethylurea was toxic to the skin and was retested using a 0.01 M solution in acetone. No tumors was seen with nitrosoallylurea, nitroso-iso-butylurea, nitrosobenzylurea, and nitroso-2-phenylethylurea. The most potent compounds were nitrosomethylurea, nitrosoethylurea, and nitroso-2-fluoroethylurea. Nitroso-n-amylurea and nitroso-n-hexylurea were somewhat less potent, each inducing tumors in 11 of 20 mice. Nitrosocarbaryl gave rise to skin tumors in eight mice. The remaining compounds, nitroso-n-propylurea, nitroso-iso-propylurea, nitroso-n-butylurea, nictroso-sec-butylurea, nitroso-n-undecylurea, nitroso-n-tridecylurea, nitrosophenylurea, and nitrosocyclohexylurea were much less effective skin carcinogens, yielding tumors in from one to five mice. No good correlation was apparent between the relative stability of the compounds, their mutagenicity to Salmonella and their carcinogenicity to mouse skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Painting rye B chromosomes in wheat: interphase chromatin organization, nuclear disposition and association in plants with two, three or four Bs.

The B chromosomes (Bs) of rye (Secale cereale) have been studied at interphase in terms of their chromatin organization, patterns of nuclear disposition and physical association in plants with two, three, and four Bs. The study was made in the Lindström strain of hexaploid wheat, which carries the rye Bs as an addition line, by in situ hybridization with a B-specific probe and by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) with rye genomic DNA, enabling whole chromosome painting. Repetitive sequences common to the As and Bs of rye allow for visualization of the rye B at interphase in the wheat background. A B-specific probe enables the orientation of two or more Bs to be determined, and the combination of both probes used together gives information on the disposition of the Bs and on their patterns of physical association within the nucleus. The Bs form linear "strings', and the ends of their long arms, which can be detected by the B-specific probe, are usually located within the hemisphere of the nucleus that has the least condensed chromatin. There is dose-dependent association, and even numbers (2B, 4B) have a greater preference for association than odd ones (3B).

Chromatin↗
PubMed1998

A panel of partial chromosome paints and YAC probes specific for human chromosome 2.

Twenty nine hybrids retaining fragments of human chromosome 2 were characterized by reverse-FISH and by a panel of 106 STSs. Most of the hybrids are radiation hybrids retaining fragments of chromosome 2 as the only human contribution. The hybrid panel dissected chromosome 2 in 69 distinct physical regions, allowing a fine mapping of the sequences. These hybrids are particularly useful as starting points for generation, via Alu-PCR, of specific partial chromosome paints (PCP). We also report the mapping by FISH of 60 YACs located on chromosome 2. These resources can be advantageously used in cytogenetic investigations, with particular reference to cancer cytogenetics, as illustrated with the renal carcinoma cell line KRC/Y.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of earthy pigments in grounds of Baroque paintings.

Sixteen samples of orange-red and yellow Fe-oxide earthy pigments mainly from bole grounds of Baroque paintings were studied by elemental and phase analysis and voltammetry. Fe, K, and Ti content were found to be suitable for further classification of those earthy pigments. According to the chemical and phase composition the yellow grounds were natural yellow ochres formed by intense chemical weathering in a moderate climate. Very similar phase and elemental composition of part of the orange-red boles indicated their similar geological origin or even their formation by calcination of yellow ochres. Part of the orange-red boles differed significantly from the yellow boles, especially in their increased content of Ti, indicating their relation to end products of intense weathering, e.g. laterites formed in a tropical climate. Analogous materials with a correspondingly large Ti content are not currently commercially available and their geological origin (provenance) is not clear. In several orange-red boles the intentional addition of rather coarse-grained haematite to natural ochre by the painters was assumed on the basis of Fe oxide content and crystallinity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Electrochemical analysis of the alterations in copper pigments using charge transfer coefficient/peak potential diagrams. Application to microsamples of baroque wall paintings attached to polymer film electrodes.

The alteration of copper pigments in art samples was studied by linear scan and cyclic voltammetry using sample-modified Elvacite 2044 film electrodes on the basis of two-dimensional diagrams of charge transfer coefficients calculated from Tafel plots of reductive dissolution processes vs. peak potential. Characteristic voltammetric peaks were obtained for pigments used in the baroque vault frescoes of the Basílica de la Virgen de los Desamparados painted by Antonio Palomino. Results obtained by voltammetric techniques were compared with those from SEM/EDX and FT-IR analysis obtaining a good agreement and leaving to an unambiguous identification of pigments used by Palomino and their alteration products.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Differentiation of resin-modified paints by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and principal component analysis.

The combination of pyrolysis (Py) with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is already well established for polymer analysis. A first approach is reported using this method for detailed quality monitoring of a complex technical polymer system. Six similar solvent-based paints (one standard and five modifications) have been used for evaluation. The major pyrolysis products were identified and qualitative and quantitative modifications were detected and specified. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for visualization of differences and similarities.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Physiological responses to supercooling and hypoxia in the hatchling painted turtle, Chrysemys picta.

We investigated physiological responses to supercooling in hatchling painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) which remain in their natal nests over winter and therefore may become exposed to subzero temperatures. These turtles are freeze tolerant but also must rely on supercooling to survive exposure to the lower temperatures occurring in nests during winter. We compared whole-body concentrations of lactate, glucose, glycerol, and ATP in turtles chilled at 0 degrees C, -4 degrees C, or -6 degrees C for 5 days, or at 6 degrees C for 19 days. In a companion experiment, we measured metabolite concentrations in turtles exposed to a hypoxic environment for 1 day, 4 days, or 8 days. Supercooling and hypoxia exposure were both associated with an increase in concentrations of lactate and glucose and a decrease in glycerol concentrations (albeit no change in the ATP pool), suggesting that supercooling induces functional hypoxia. We conclude that hypoxia tolerance may be an important pre-adaptation for surviving exposure to subzero temperatures in hatchling C. picta.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Assessment of autosome and gonosome disomy in human sperm nuclei by chromosome painting.

Disomy and diploidy frequencies for autosomes 1-22 and the gonosomes were assessed in 299,442 sperm nuclei from four normal fertile men by chromosome painting. This novel approach allowed us to perform a specific and sensitive detection of each chromosome. A minimum of 5000 sperm nuclei per subject were evaluated for each chromosome by dual colour fluorescence in situ hybridization. The disomy rate proved to be similar for all the autosomes (0.24%) and the diploidy rate varied from 0.12% to 0.15%. No interchromosomal or interindividual differences in the frequency of disomic and diploid sperm nuclei were observed between the four subjects. The mean frequency of XX-, YY- and XY-bearing spermatozoa was estimated to 0.17%, 0.17% and 0.32%, respectively. This strategy constitutes a new approach for detecting aneuploidy in human sperm nuclei and suggests an equal repartition of non-disjunction among chromosomes in male gametes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

(Z,Z)-6,9-Heneicosadien-11-one: major sex pheromone component of painted apple moth, Teia anartoides.

(Z,Z)-6,9-Heneicosadien-11-one (Z6Z9-11-one-21Hy) was identified as the major sex pheromone component of the painted apple moth (PAM), Teia anartoides (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), on the basis of (1) comparative gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses, GC-mass spectrometry (MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-MS, and HPLC-UV/visible spectroscopy of pheromone gland extracts and authentic standards; (2) GC-EAD analyses of effluvia of calling females; and (3) wind tunnel and field trapping experiments with a synthetic standard. In field experiments in Australia, synthetic Z6Z9-11-one-21Hy as a single component attracted male moths. Wind tunnel experiments suggested that a 4-component blend consisting of Z6Z9-11-one-21Hy, (6Z,9R,10S)-cis-9,10-epoxy-heneicosene (Z6-9R10S-epo-21 Hy), (E,E)-7,9-heneicosadien-6, 11-dione (E7E9-6,11-dione-21Hy), and 6-hydroxy-(E,E)-7,9-heneicosadien-11-one (E7E9-6-ol-11-one-21Hy) (all present in pheromone gland extracts) might induce more males to orient toward, approach, and contact the source than did Z6Z9-11-one-21Hy as a single component. Additional experiments are needed to determine conclusively whether or not Z6-9R10S-epo-21Hy, E7E9-6,11-dione-21Hy, and E7E9-6-ol-11-one-21Hy might be minor sex pheromone components of PAM. Moreover, attractiveness of synthetic pheromone and virgin PAM females needs to be compared to determine whether synthetic pheromone could replace PAM females as trap baits in the program to monitor eradication of exotic PAM in New Zealand.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Identification of sex pheromone components of the painted apple moth: a tussock moth with a thermally labile pheromone component.

The sex pheromone of the painted apple moth, Teia anartoides (Lymantriidae) was investigated using GC-EAD and GC-MS analysis, derivatization, TLC analysis, and field cage and field trapping bioassays. The major sex pheromone components were identified as (6Z,9Z)-henicosa-6,9-dien-11-one and (6Z,9Z)-henicosa-6,9-diene. Other minor components of pheromone gland extracts included (6Z)-9R, 10S-epoxyeicos-6-ene, (6Z)-9R,10S-epoxyhenicos-6-ene, (6Z,9Z)-henicosa-6,9-dien-11-ol, (6Z)-henicos-6-en-11-one, and (6Z, 8E)-henicosa-6,8-dien-11-one, but the roles of these minor components remain equivocal. In field cage and field experiments, a blend of all seven identified components [(6Z,9Z)-henicosa-6,9-dien-11-one (relative amount 100), (6Z,9Z)-henicosa-6,9-diene (100), (6Z)-9R,10S-epoxyeicos-6-ene (5), (6Z)-9R,10S-epoxyhenicos-6-ene (10), (6Z,9Z)-henicosa-6,9-dien-11-ol (5), (6Z)-henicos-6-en-11-one (1), and (6Z,8E)-henicosa-6,8-dien-11-one (25)] was as attractive to males as calling females, but tests with blends of the major component(s) with subsets of the minor components did not produce consistent results that unequivocally showed the various minor components to be critical components of the active blend. (6Z,9Z)-henicosa-6,9-dien-11-one is thermally labile and rearranges to (6Z,8E)-henicosa-6,8-dien-1-one and other products at ambient temperature, rendering the synthetic pheromone lure inactive after two days of field exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Peritoneal blood painting: an aid in the diagnosis of endometriosis.

Visual identification of endometriosis is important, identification of very subtle manifestations of disease has recently received increased attention. Colorless and other subtle manifestations of peritoneal disease can be seen more easily by painting the peritoneal surface with bloody peritoneal fluid.

Endometriosis↗
PubMed1983

Visual activity in the telencephalon of the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta.

Multiple unit activity in response to visual stimulation was recorded in the following telencephalic areas of the painted turtle: lateral and medial divisions of the dorsal cortex, lateral and medial divisions of the dorsal ventricular ridge, and the striatum. The data confirm anatomical evidence for ascending visual input to the dorsal cortex, the lateral dorsal ventricular ridge and the striatum. The identification of a new visual zone in a medial division of the dorsal ventricular ridge suggests that turtles, and perhaps other reptiles, possess at least 3 visual pallial areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Seasonal cycles in testicular activity, gonadotropin, and thyroxine in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, under natural conditions.

Plasma levels of testosterone (T), thyroxine (T4) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in a field population of the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, in Michigan. All three hormones showed pronounced seasonality; plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) remained nondetectable. Plasma T and FSH concentrations were highly correlated and exhibited biphasic cycles with peaks in spring and fall, whereas T4 showed a single peak in summer, coincident with the nadir in T. Hormone levels were minimal on the day that animals emerged from hibernation at the end of March; T and FSH then increased rapidly (in ca. 1 week after emergence) to a transient peak that persisted for only ca. 2 weeks. Plasma T and FSH rose again in September before the onset of hibernation and shortly after the late summer peak in spermatogenetic recrudescence. Plasma T4 increased more gradually after emergence in spring and did not peak for 1-2 months, coincident with the nadir in T. The profile in plasma FSH is consistent with the view that this gonadotropin may regulate androgen secretion but it did not show the expected relationship to the spermatogenetic cycle. Separate studies indicated that the turtles are sensitive to capture and handling; hormone levels (especially androgen) fall precipitously within a day of capture. These "stress" effects may account for discrepancies with previous studies of plasma T in this species.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

On the scoring of FISH-"painted" chromosome-type exchange aberrations.

The effectiveness of FISH painting for easy detection of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations lies, principally, in the fact that only part of any exchange event is highlighted. However, this partial detection imposes certain limitations when the technique is applied to fundamental studies with primary aberrations, particularly at higher doses, when Complex exchanges are present. Some of these limitations are discussed in this paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Partial trisomy of 3q detected by chromosome painting in a case of juvenile chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

Juvenile chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (JCMMoL) is a rare disease with no specific type of chromosome aberration yet delineated. We report a 2-year-old boy who had in his leukemic bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) cells the 46,XY,der(15)t(3;15)(q13.1;q26) karyotype. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes of peripheral blood had a normal 46,XY karyotype. The origin of the duplicated part of 3q was proved by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the pHSR(sat III 15p) DNA probe and a chromosome 3-specific DNA library (i.e., chromosome painting). The chromosome finding in our case provides further proof of the close relationship between the rearrangement in region 3q13-->3q26 and the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our patient has transformed into erythroleukemia [M6 according to the French-American-British (FAB) classification] during the course of the disease.

Cell Division↗