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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ophthalmologic manifestations of genitourinary diseases.

There are several urologic disorders which also involve the eye and orbit. We have compiled examples of these and reviewed the literature. Metastasis from genitourinary malignancy (including neuroblastoma), Wilms tumor, Reiter syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel-Lindau disease, and oxalosis may all have ophthalmologic manifestations. Urologists need to be aware of these and obtain appropriate consultation in order to fully care for patients with these diseases.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between rate of patient enrollment and quality of clinical center performance in two multicenter trials in ophthalmology.

Those responsible for managing and overseeing multicenter clinical trials often express concern that differential rates of patients enrollment among participating clinical centers may be reflected in poorer compliance with study protocols or poorer patient care in the centers enrolling fewer patients. The purposes of the present investigation were (1) to determine whether rate of patient enrollment was related to other measures of clinical center performance in two multicenter clinical trials in ophthalmology, the Macular Photocoagulation Study (MPS) and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), and (2) to compare findings from these two studies with findings reported from cooperative oncology groups. Percent of major data forms ever failing computerized edit was the only measure of performance examined that demonstrated a strong positive relationship to rate of patient enrollment in both studies under both analytic approaches employed (F test for linear trend in means and Spearman's rank correlation). In the MPS, but not in the ETDRS, percent of patients who had missed all visits scheduled during the past 12 months (inactive patients) also was related to rate of patient enrollment. However, the major finding from this investigation has been that it is not possible to predict overall performance of an individual clinical center based on rate of patient enrollment. Clinical centers enrolling fewer patients in these multicenter clinical trials performed in some areas as well as or better than centers enrolling larger numbers of patients.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed1988

Ethno-ophthalmology in the Egyptian delta: an historical systems approach to ethnomedicine in the Middle East.

Ethnomedical studies of the Middle East may be enriched by a long-term historical perspective, which takes into consideration the complex syncretism, through time, of both literate and nonliterate medical systems in this region, as well as the tumultuous history of conquest and colonialism in the Middle East. In this paper, the authors place the seemingly idiosyncratic, local, 'ethno-ophthalmological' practices of one northern Egyptian community, which is afflicted by the binding eye disease, trachoma, into a broader historico-political context, through examination of the four major literate medical systems of Egypt and the imperialistic forces responsible for their entrenchment.

Bloodletting↗
PubMed1980

The application of visually evoked cerebral potentials in ophthalmological diagnosis.

A short survey is presented of what can be done with electrophysiological techniques in ophthalmological diagnosis. It is stressed that more investigation has to be done to elucidate the discrepancies between electrophysiological and psychophysical disturbances. These discrepancies can be used for the differential diagnosis. More, though still too little, is known about differences between a disturbance of latency time and that of amplitude. It seems that latencies are more disturbed in active pathological processes like demyelination, compression of nerve fibres and oedema, whereas isolated reduction of amplitudes occurs in optic atrophies. Some optic nerve diseases are found to be combined with ERG abnormalities, such as tobacco-alcohol neuropathy and some hereditary diseases.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1996

Ophthalmological complications as a manifestation of burn injury.

Facial burns are a frequent component of the presentation of victims who have sustained thermal trauma, reportedly occurring in 20 per cent of burn patients. Even apparently 'f2p4r' facial injuries might well be associated with significant ocular trauma. A retrospective review of 865 patients admitted to our burn centre showed 22 per cent (192) with facial burns. Ocular involvement, defined as globe or eyelid pathology, was present in 15 per cent (127) of these patients. The aetiology and spectrum of ocular injuries is reviewed with lid burns and subsequent lid contractures, accounting for over 50 per cent of ocular complications. Serious ocular pathology necessitating enucleation occurred in only two patients. The difficulties encountered in performing a complete ophthalmological examination in the presence of facial burns are presented in conjunction with a recommended therapeutic plan.

Contracture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A specific HPLC method for determination of beta-blockers topically used in ophthalmological diseases.

A HPLC method is presented for the identification and quantification in plasma and urine of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists (betaxolol, carteolol, metipranolol, and timolol) commonly prescribed in ophthalmology. An extraction method is described using pindolol as an internal standard. An RSIL 10 micron column was used. The lower detection limits of the beta-blockers were found to be 4-27 ng/ml. This method is simple, rapid and sensitive; moreover, it allows the determination of 8 other beta-blockers.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Nonhypotensive autonomic agents in veterinary ophthalmology.

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system are involved in homeostatic control of a wide variety of ocular functions, including accommodation, pupillomotor control, lacrimation, eyelid position, and aqueous humor production. Familiarity with the functional anatomy of the autonomic nervous system is paramount to the understanding and application of the large number of autonomic drugs used in veterinary ophthalmology. The cholinergic and adrenergic agents discussed in this article are commonly employed to facilitate routine ophthalmic examination, in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction, and in the treatment of a variety of ocular diseases.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

Ophthalmologic manifestations in pediatric patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

INTRODUCTION: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory syndrome affecting the central nervous system that often is associated with para-infectious causes. Optic neuritis is a common feature of this demyelinating disease, and a paucity of data regarding this entity exists in the ophthalmologic literature. METHODS: We describe 10 pediatric patients with ADEM who presented at our institution between 1995 and 2003. RESULTS: Six of these patients had optic neuritis, with visual acuities in the affected eyes ranging from 20/30 to light perception. Five of those with optic neuritis had bilateral disease. All patients were treated with high-dose methylprednisolone, and 4 of these patients had recovered with a visual acuity of 20/40 or better in the affected eyes. Two patients were lost to follow-up, and final visual acuities were not available. Nine of 10 patients had an identifiable preceding viral illness or immunization. CONCLUSIONS: ADEM is a known cause of optic neuritis in children and should be considered by the ophthalmologist treating this population of patients. All patients in this series were treated with high-dose intravenous steroids followed by an oral steroid taper and/or intravenous immunoglobulin. Final visual outcomes were favorable in all patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Medical imaging in pediatric neuro-ophthalmology.

This article provides an outline of the congenital and acquired conditions encountered in the practice of pediatric neuro-ophthalmology. Although some entities can be effectively evaluated clinically, CT and MR imaging studies may prove instrumental in many instances for detailed evaluation, narrowing of the differential diagnosis, or exclusion of underlying central nervous system pathologic findings.

Blindness↗
PubMed2004

Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of systemic disease: rheumatologic/Inflammatory.

Rheumatologic and inflammatory systemic diseases often cause similar neurologic and neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations. A wide variety of conditions can be included in these categories. This article summarizes the most common of these conditions, including sarcoidosis, idiopathic orbital inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Behcet's disease, systemic lupus erythematosis, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed2005

Rheohaemapheresis of ophthalmological diseases and diseases of the microcirculation.

Blood rheology was considered to be of limited clinical importance, until extracorporeal technologies enabling the treatment of cellular and plasmatic hyperviscosity syndromes were introduced. However, a wide range of applications, mainly referring to rheologically determined diseases of the microcirculation exists but has so far hardly been taken into consideration. The extension of indications was due to modern technical developments leading to different approaches of secondary separation such as precipitation, ad- or absorption and filtration. Based on 18 years of experience with different separation technologies the combination of some centrifugal devices applied for cell--plasma separation with secondary filtration (Rheohemapheresis) appears to be the most efficacious and economical approach for such extracorporeal treatments. The sequence and frequency of rheohaemapheresis treatments depends on the measurement of rheological measurements in combination with clinical--chemical data which are related to the distribution kinetics and synthesis rate of both blood cells and plasma proteins. Standardised treatment protocols proved the efficacy of initial therapies and were applied for controlled trials whereas long term therapies may need more flexible treatment approaches. So far an increasing experience exists for the treatment of ophthalmologic diseases, otologic disorders, diabetic complications and cardiological diseases. Rheohemapheresis was shown to be a safe treatment approach, if a careful risk assessment prior to the initiation of the therapies is performed. The treatment cannot cure diseases but enables a substantial improvement of the quality of life in patients without treatment alternatives.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1988

The clinical neuro-ophthalmologic spectrum of temporal arteritis.

The range of neuro-ophthalmologic signs in temporal arteritis is broad and includes diverse presentations of ischemic optic neuropathy, retinal infarction, transient ischemic phenomena, ophthalmoparesis, pupillary autonomic and anterior ocular segment dysfunction, cortical blindness and associated post-chiasmal field defects, and complex visual hallucinations. Neurovascular compromise can follow arteritic lesions at multiple neuroanatomic sites, and reflects different pathogenetic mechanisms and displays distinctive clinical features. A variety of temporal clinical profiles and differential responses to corticosteroids occur. This article reviews the broad range of neuroanatomic pathways affected by diverse and potentially interactive etiologic factors in this systemic arteritis.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Ophthalmologic findings in a patient with cerebellar ataxia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and chorioretinal dystrophy.

PURPOSE: To determine the ophthalmologic findings in a 39-year-old woman with the Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome, which is a disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by the triad of spinocerebellar ataxia, chorioretinal dystrophy, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. METHODS: The patient underwent clinical and electrophysiologic examinations and fluorescein angiography. RESULTS: The main clinical findings were extensive areas of retinal pigment epithelial and choriocapillaris atrophy affecting the posterior pole and midperiphery of both eyes. Results of electroretinographic examination showed subnormal photopic and scotopic responses. CONCLUSIONS: The Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with chorioretinal degeneration, particularly if there are neurologic or endocrinologic manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Ophthalmologic features of thallium poisoning.

Thallium intoxication is characterized by the development of painful peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, mental disorders, and in severe cases, respiratory failure and death. Toxic optic neuropathy is also a feature. Ophthalmologic features of thallium poisoning include optic neuropathy, blepharoptosis, lens opacities, and ophthalmoplegia. A 44-year-old man with criminal sublethal thallium poisoning was examined one month after he was seen in the neurology department with classic systemic features. He was found to have diminished contrast sensitivity, a tritan defect in color vision, and a relative cecocentral scotoma before he developed optic atrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A prospective study of the ophthalmologic findings in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

A prospective evaluation of ophthalmologic findings in 26 patients (25 men and one woman) with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome disclosed that 19 patients had significant ocular abnormalities. These included isolated retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, cytomegalovirus retinitis, acute retinal necrosis, cranial nerve palsies, and orbital Kaposi's sarcoma. Hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots appeared and disappeared spontaneously. Cytomegalovirus retinitis and acute retinal necrosis were progressive and destructive. The fundus findings did not correlate with the patient's general clinical status.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

The ophthalmology of intracranial vascular abnormalities.

PURPOSE: To provide a practical review of the ophthalmologic manifestations of intracranial vascular abnormalities. METHODS: We reviewed ocular manifestations of the most common intracranial vascular abnormalities: intracranial aneurysms, carotid-cavernous fistulas, arteriovenous malformations, and cavernous malformations. RESULTS: Unruptured aneurysms can compress the third cranial nerve and the anterior visual pathways. Ruptured aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage can result in Terson syndrome and papilledema. Direct and indirect carotid-cavernous fistulas most commonly cause the classic triad of proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, and cranial bruit but can masquerade as chronic conjunctivitis. Arteriovenous malformations, with or without hemorrhage, may compress portions of the retrochiasmal pathways, causing visual field loss. Cavernous malformations, when in the brainstem, commonly cause abnormalities of supranuclear, nuclear, and fascicular ocular motility. CONCLUSIONS: The ophthalmologist may be the first physician to encounter clinical manifestations of intracranial vascular abnormalities that may herald devastating neurologic complications. Prompt diagnosis facilitates appropriate management and therapy.

Adult↗