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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Serologic diagnosis of West Nile virus infection.

The epidemic of West Nile virus (WNV) in the USA in 2002 represents the largest outbreak of meningoencephalitis in the Western Hemisphere ever reported. Besides natural transmission by mosquitoes, five new modes of WNV transmission to humans have been reported: blood transfusion, organ transplantation, transplacental transmission, breastfeeding and laboratory-acquired infection. The recognition of these new transmission routes has made the development of rapid and accurate serological diagnosis of WNV infection a public health priority. In this article, the current serologic assays for WNV diagnosis are reviewed, including immunoglobulin M antibody-capture ELISA, immunoglobulin G ELISA, indirect fluorescent antibody tests, hemagglutination inhibition tests and plaque reduction neutralization tests. The recently developed immunoassays that use purified recombinant envelope and nonstructural protein 5 of WNV as antigens are also reviewed. The nonstructural protein 5 protein-based assay can reliably discriminate between WNV and dengue or St. Louis encephalitis virus, as well as between natural WNV infection and flavivirus vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Serological survey on arbovirus infection in residents of an ecological reserve].

OBJECTIVE: Serological inquires conducted in the Ribeira Valley, S. Paulo State, Brazil, showed an intense circulation of pathogenic arboviruses in the region. The goal was to verify the prevalence of arboviral infections in people living at the local ecological, and its potential association with these population' individual and familiar characteristics. METHODS: The study was carried out among 182 persons of 58 families to identify the presence of antibodies to the following viruses: Rocio (ROC), Ilheus (ILH), Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE), Western equine encephalitis virus (WEE), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE). Inhibition hemagglutination test and plaque reduction neutralization test were the laboratory assays of choice. MAC-ELISA was used to identify IgM antibodies to ROC, ILH and EEE viruses. RESULTS: The prevalence of antibodies was 26.9% (21. 4% to alphavirus and 12.6% to flavivirus). There were no antibodies to WEE virus. IgM antibodies were not observed suggesting no recent infection in study population. Among the characteristics investigated, age, occupation, place of birth and the habit of going into the forest were shown to be statistically associated with arboviral infection (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was observed an intense circulation of pathogenic arboviruses, especially VEE. It seems the habit of going into the forest is the most important factor to this population exposure to the mosquito vectors of arboviruses. The results suggest the need of further investigation to clarify the role of birds as arbovirus infection amplificators indoors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Serologic evidence of West Nile virus transmission, Jamaica, West Indies.

In spring 2002, an intensive avian serosurvey was initiated in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Mexico. We collected >1,600 specimens from resident and nonresident neotropical migratory birds before their northerly migrations. Plaque reduction neutralization test results indicated specific neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus in 11 resident species from Jamaica.

Animal Migration↗
PubMed1975

Antigenic relationships among phlebotomus fever group arboviruses and their implication for the epidemiology of sandfly fever.

The antigenic relationships of 21 known or presumed Phlebotomus fever group serotypes and of 2 ungrouped, solvent sensitive, sandfly-associated arboviruses (Pacui and Charleville) were studied by complement fixation, plaque neutralization, and hemagglutination-inhibition methods. Results of complement fixation and neutralization tests were specific, allowing clear separation of the various serotypes, while those of the hemagglutination-inhibition test showed broader crossing and lack of specificity. Pacui virus was shown to be a member of the Phlebotomus fever serogroup. Six new Phlebotomus fever group serotypes are also described, increasing the known members of the group to 22. The implications of these and other recent data about the epidemiology of sandfly fever are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Identification of Highlands J virus from a Florida horse.

A virus, strain 64A-1519, isolated from the brain of a horse dying of encephalitis in Florida in 1964, was identified as western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus. Recently, we used polyclonal and monoclonal immune reagents to identify this isolate by comparing it to 2 strains of WEE virus and to Highlands J (HJ) virus in hemagglutination-inhibition, immunofluorescent antibody, and plaque-reduction neutralization tests. These tests demonstrate that strain 64A-1519 is a strain of HJ virus distinct from WEE virus.

Alphavirus↗
PubMed1975

[Detection of the causative agent of tularemia in the organs of animals in the early stages of development of the infection].

A study was made of a possibility of detection of the causative agent of tularemia in the organism of albino mice at early stages of development of the infection after subcutaneous infection with 1, 10 and 100 microbial cells of strains No. 503/834 (Holarctic race) and Schu (nearctic race). The following examinations were made: cultivation on nutrient media, immunofluorescent study, the antibody neutralization test and the passive hemagglutination test with erythrocytic diagnostic agents. The microbe could be regularly revealed three days after the infection. Detection of the causative agent was possible in individual cases at the earlier dates by seeding and by the fluorescent antibody method. Although by cultivation it is possible to reveal individual microbes, but the growth appears on the 3rd--5th day and later. The most rapid response (1.5--2 hours) results (on the presence of the microbe) can be obtained with the aid of the fluorescent antibody method. Application of the mentioned tests with the erythrocytic diagnostic agents permits to obtain data not only on the presence of the causative agent, but also on its quantity of the causative agent in the organism of the infected animal. The mentioned methods provide the most complete characteristics of the dynamics of the accumulation of the microbe in the animal organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test for rabies antibody estimation using murine neuroblastoma cell line.

A rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) for rabies antibody estimation has been standardized in which murine neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro-2A and tissue culture microtiter plates were used. Serum samples from 105 human beings, 30 canines, 7 rabbits and 4 monkeys were tested by RFFIT. Of these, 33 human and 20 canine sera were also tested by the mouse neutralization test (MNT). Twelve human sera were tested by RFFIT, MNT and ELISA. There was 94 per cent correlation between the results obtained by RFFIT and MNT, while in 6 per cent of the sera tested, the RFFIT was found to be more sensitive than the MNT.

Animals↗