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Results for “National Health Programs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Implementation of the public health reform law--experiences with diagnosis related case payment in surgery].

According to new German health care laws (Gesundheitsstrukturgesetz, Bundespflegesatzverordnung) hospital payment will be given a new basis. Abandoning the "length of stay"--related compensation in the future surgical services should be refunded either by special payments for a given surgical procedure (covering anesthesia, surgery, instruments), or by case-related payments (including all costs of stay, medical as well as room-and-care and administrative). This should lead to a more equitable payment getting a transparent insight into the relation service/cost. Calculations for the so far 103 special payment and 40 case related payment items have been obtained by a nationwide analysis in reference hospitals. Besides numerous problems introducing these new refund systems in very different hospital structures, our own 3-year experience using case related payment on our surgical department (based on individual calculation) shows promising results. The main intention still has to be--by setting free economic resources--to avoid rationing though rationalization.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1995

Comment.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Contraception↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxic agent and radiation control: meeting the 1990 objectives for the nation.

Toxic agent and radiation control is 1 of the 15 health priority areas addressed through the Public Health Service's Objectives for the Nation. Several gains in moving toward the 1990 goals for toxic agent and radiation control have been recorded. Research and technical assistance, combined with legislation to reduce the amount of lead in gasoline, have contributed to a decrease in the mean blood lead level of the general population. New testing procedures have been developed to evaluate both reproductive and developmental toxicities of chemicals. Educational implementation of pelvimetry referral criteria in a multiyear study involving approximately 200 U.S. hospitals has resulted in a 50 percent reduction in the number of pelvimetries performed. Health-related responses have been given to environmental problems such as exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Massachusetts and Florida and exposures to dioxin in Missouri and New Jersey. Chemical records for some 1,000 compounds likely to occur in chemical dumps or in bulk transit are being either created or updated to enhance online data retrieval services. For the foreseeable future, however, improvement of knowledge of the potential health risk posed by toxic chemicals and radiation must remain one of the most important priorities. To control toxic agents, development of surveillance systems and data bases are equally important.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Health for all: a public health vision.

The approach of a millennial passage invites public health to a review of past performance and a preview of future prospects toward assuring a healthy public. Since the 1974 Canadian Lalonde report, the best national plans for health progress have emphasized disease prevention and health promotion. WHO's multinational Health for All by the Year 2000 promotes basic health services essential to leading a socially and economically productive life. Healthy People 2000, the latest US guide, establishes three goals: increase healthy life span, reduce health disparities, and achieve universal access to preventive services. Its objectives can be used to excite public understanding, equip program development, evaluate progress, and encourage public accountability for health initiatives. Needed is federal leadership in defining requisite action and securing necessary resources. Elsewhere a "new public health" emphasizes community life-style and multisectoral "healthy public policy." In the United States, a national health program is needed to achieve equity in access to personal health care. Even more essential is equitable sharing in basic health determinants in society--nutritious food, basic education, safe water, decent housing, secure employment, adequate income, and peace. Vital to such a future is able and active leadership now from governments and public health professionals.

Forecasting↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sanitary and epidemiological well-being: topical problems].

The interaction of the interested services and authorities in implementing a package of goal-oriented organizational, comprehensive preventive and antiepidemic measures has given stability of the sanitary-and-epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation in some recent years. To accomplish the tasks, particularly those in developing a package of measures to reduce the prevalence of infectious diseases, the "Health" national program has been drawn up for 2006-2007 this year. One of the priorities of the program is to enhance the prophylactic orientation of the public health care system. Within the framework of this direction, it is planned to provide a further steady decline in the incidence of infections controlled by specific preventive means, primarily, in that of hepatitis B and rubella, to eliminate the congenital rubella syndrome, and to maintain the status of the Russian Federation as a poliomyelitis-free area. The subjects of the Russian Federation should redistribute allocations, by taking into account the funds envisaged in the Health program for purchase of vaccines, and direct them for implementation of other measures, such as personnel training, refrigerating equipment purchase, information-propagandistic work among the population, etc. In 2005, the poor situation established in the world due to the spread of avian influenza and there was a possible threat of influenza pandemic. Investigations ascertained the identity of influenza A virus (H5N1) isolated in the Russian Federation with the South-Eastern Asia-isolated viruses that caused mass epizooties of birds and severe diseases in persons contacting infected birds. It was assumed that 2006 spring migration might lead to the spread of pathogenic influenza H5N1 viruses throughout European Russia. This was due to the fact that the birds migrating to European Russia and a portion of birds migrating from Siberia have common winter nesting areas. To prevent mass influenza virus-infected birds' death and human infection in the epizootic localities, the federal surveillance service for protection of users' rights and human well-being jointly with the federal veterinary and phytosanitary surveillance service, and public health care administrative bodies has organized and implemented a package of measures: active headquarters have been set up in the epizooty-afflicted subjects to coordinate activities in localizing the spread of epizooty of birds; emergency commissions and antiepizootic commissions have been held; regulatory documents on the Russian Federation's subjects have been published; daily collection, analysis, systematization, and exchange of information between interested services, et. are under way.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

COPD: focus on prevention: recommendations of the National Lung Health Education Program. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The purpose of this article is to provide the nurse in primary care with an overview of the National Lung Health Education Program guidelines. We outline the components of the guidelines for spirometry testing in persons at risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The role of spirometry testing in identifying those persons for whom smoking cessation is crucial is emphasized.

Health Education↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comprehensive refugee health screening program.

Nationally and internationally, there is a struggle to provide adequate health screening and assessment programs for refugees. The Department of Family Medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in partnership with the Colorado Refugee Services Program has developed a comprehensive refugee health screening and assessment program. The program was designed to ensure access to screening and to provide better care for this vulnerable population. Key features of the program include a single point of access for all family members, full availability of appropriate interpreting services, comprehensive health assessments that include a thorough mental health screening, data collection and evaluation, and education of health care providers to deliver culturally responsive care. During the first 30 months of this program, comprehensive assessments were provided for more than 1600 refugees. Future directions include improving the efficiency of daily systems, seeking alternative sources of funding, improving follow-up and vaccination rates, expanding mental health services, and tracking health outcomes and refugees' utilization of health care services through longitudinal research.

Colorado↗
PubMed1992

Surveillance data on US coal miners' pneumoconiosis, 1970 to 1986.

OBJECTIVES: Statistics on prevalence of pneumoconiosis among working underground coal miners from data collected as part of a large national radiographic surveillance program between 1970 and 1986 are presented. The main intent was to examine the time-related trend in prevalence over this period, which coincides with historically low dust levels mandated by federal act. METHODS: Tenure-specific prevalence rates and summary statistics derived from them for four consecutive time intervals within the 16-year period were calculated and compared. RESULTS: The results indicate a reduction in pneumoconiosis over the life of the program. This trend is similar to that seen in epidemiologic studies undertaken concurrently. CONCLUSIONS: Although low participation in the surveillance program and other problems complicate the findings, it appears that reductions in dust exposure mandated by federal act in 1969 have led to lower prevalence of pneumoconiosis among underground coal miners.

Bias↗
PubMed1995

Increasing pneumococcal vaccination rates among patients of a National Health-Care Alliance--United States, 1993.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide and a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis. In the United States, an estimated 40,000 persons die each year from pneumococcal infections. Since 1983, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have been licensed in the United States and are 56%-57% effective in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease. However, the 1993 National Health Interview Survey documented that < or = 28% of persons in high-risk categories, including all persons aged > or = 65 years, reported ever having received the vaccine. During 1993-1994, VHA Inc. (Irving, Texas)--a national health-care alliance serving approximately 1200 health-care organizations nationwide (including 21% of all community hospitals in the United States)--initiated efforts to improve pneumococcal vaccine delivery to and coverage among patients at increased risk for complications of pneumococcal infection. This report summarizes the program and an evaluation of its effectiveness in increasing vaccine coverage.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic, in 1995-2000.

The National Institute of Public Health in Prague is the prominent institution in the Czech Republic responsible for public health and disease prevention. According to a conceptual document, approved by the Minister of Health in 1994, the main areas of function in the years 1995-2000 will be: 1. Science and research in preventive disciplines, especially in hygiene, epidemiology and microbiology, surveillance and monitoring of diseases and their determinants. 2. Professional expert activities for the national health surveillance, for state administration, and for the general public. 3. Reference activities and participation in accreditative procedures. 4. Collaboration in development, implementation, and evaluation of the National Health Program. 5. Participation in postgradual education in the fields of health protection and promotion, hygiene, epidemiology and microbiology. The function of the Institute will continue its 70-year old tradition with strong national and international reputation.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1997

Primary care pediatrics in Italy: eighteen years of clinical care, research, and teaching under a national health service system.

This article reviews how Italian National Health Service (NHS) pediatricians have tried to fulfill the obligations of modern primary care providers in a managed care environment, with special reference to the experience of the Veneto region in Italy and compares this situation with the present changes of the health system in the United States. Italian NHS primary care pediatricians work independently in their offices, providing acute and chronic patients to all children 0 to 14 years old: NHS primary care physicians, including 7000 pediatricians, contract directly with the government for the care of patients through a capitated reimbursement system. Twenty-nine independent associations of community pediatricians have been formed with the primary goal to pursue research and education in primary care pediatrics, in addition to traditional care. Several multicenter collaborative research studies at the national level have been organized and four university residency programs are training their residents in community-based pediatricians' offices also, giving priority to activities specific to ambulatory practice and follow the suggestion of an Italian work group on ambulatory pediatric training. The NHS has allowed the Italian pediatrician to focus on patient care and education rather than business. Computerization has been applied to the practice of medicine through the development of electronic medical records, particularly in the Veneto region. This technology allows combining effective clinical care with outcome researches and facilitates continuing medical education and residents' training programs. Italian primary care NHS pediatricians have tried to identify and address patient's needs as well as the needs of a primary care provider in a managed care system. Recent and possible future modifications in the health system in the United States and in Italy need to be examined to learn from similarities and differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Comparison of two national food surveys (INCA 1 1998-99 and Health Nutrition Barometer 2002) with regard to five food recommendations of the National Nutrition and Health Program].

BACKGROUND: Monitoring the dietary intake of the French population requires the implementation and regular renewal of representative national survey. As these surveys can use different methodologies (food frequency questionnaire, 24 hour recall, 3 or 7-day dietary record...), it seems useful to check whether they supply similar results. The aim of this study is to determine whether two representative national surveys with different methodologies can be used alternately to monitor changes in food consumption of the French population. METHOD: Percentages of consumers aged 15-75 were compared between two national food surveys (Health Nutrition Barometer 2002 and INCA 1 1998-99) with respect to five food frequency recommendations of the French National Nutrition and Health Program. RESULTS: The same public health priorities were found in both surveys: the food groups were graded according to the same hierarchy of adequate food intake prevalences (ascending: fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish, starchy foods and meat-fish-egg products). On the other hand, significant statistical different elements were pointed out in a few food groups which may be explained by methodological patterns. Definitions of portions and food groups, survey duration and seasons are indeed important parameters to be considered when comparing surveys. CONCLUSION: The results show the need to elaborate standardized methods for comparison of food consumption surveys, which can be useful for the evaluation of the national nutritional recommendations. The methodological limitations described in this study also indicate that the quantitative description of food intake trends should improve when established by the results of the same regularly repeated survey.

Adolescent↗