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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Changes in the hypophyseal-thyroid system under narcotic action in the parturients of a group at high risk of perinatal pathology].

Eighty-seven parturients were examined to disclose the function of the thyroid during narcotic exposure in labor and in cesarean section in cases of high risk of giving birth to infants with perinatal abnormalities. Neurotropic agents were found to inhibit the fetal hypophyseo-thyroid system in cases with a history of intrauterine hypoxia, thus saving this system from exhaustion. Employment of various types of general anesthesia in cesarean section in this patient population provides an adequate maternal neurovegetative protection from surgical aggression.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by non-narcotic analgesic drugs.

The existence of a relationship between inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis and analgesic or anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in the case of the non-narcotic analgesics glafenine, floctafenine and clometacine, in comparison to indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid. These compounds inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis from arachidonic acid in a guinea-pig lung homogenate as strongly as indomethacin. On its biosynthesis in rat epididymal tissue stimulated by noradrenaline, glafenine equals indomethacin inhibitory potency, whereas floctafenine and clometacine are less active. Acetylsalicylic acid is the least active in both preparations. In vivo, prostaglandin biosynthesis induced in rat peritoneal fluid by injection of acetic acid is inhibited by the 5 drugs, ranked as follows: floctafenine greater than indomethacin greater than glafenine greater than clometacine greater than acetylsalicylic acid. The pharmacological profile of glafenine, floctafenine and clometacine is characterized by a relatively strong effect on acetic acid writhing and a relatively weak effect on carrageenin oedema, U.V. erythema and adjuvant arthritis. The inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis seems better correlated with their analgesic activity than with their anti-inflammatory effects. The results show that prostaglandins could play an important role in the genesis of tissulary pain in animals.

Acetates↗
PubMed1992

[Rhabdomyolysis during acute poisoning with drugs and narcotics. Experience with 7 clinical cases].

Numerous and extremely varied conditions (intense muscular activity, ischemia, metabolic and genetic disorders, infections, immunological diseases and toxic causes) may play a role in the genesis of non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Over the past years there has been an increased number of reports of forms due to drug or narcotic intoxication. Seven cases of rhabdomyolysis are reported in patients admitted to emergency wards in a state of coma due to heroin overdose (4 cases), cocaine overdose (1 case), carbamazepin (1 case), and tricyclic anti-depressives (1 case). In all cases it was possible to hypothesise a multifactorial pathogenesis of the disease in which other factors, such as acidosis, hypoxia, hypothermia and compression of the muscle mass during coma, were associated with the direct toxic damage caused by the drug. The most frequent complication was acute renal failure. One case of myocardial involvement with non-Q infarction characteristics was also observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Mode of action of non-narcotic analgesics].

According to Lim's experiments, non-narcotic analgesics are usually considered as "peripherally" acting drugs. Conversely, most of these compounds were shown to easily cross the blood-brain barrier, and hence partly produce their effects by a central mechanism. The relative contribution of each site of action may vary from one drug to another. Aspirin-like drugs may act by inhibiting arachidonate cyclooxygenase in both the damaged tissues and the central nervous system. Finally, these drugs appear to be either selective, or dose-dependent, or nonspecific inhibitors of prostaglandin-synthetases.

Analgesics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of cardiocyclide on the electrophysiological parameters of heart in experiments with vagus nerve excitation in narcotized dogs].

The new class III antiarrhythmic agent cardiocyclide effectively suppresses atrioventricular fibrillations caused by the vagus nerve excitation in narcotized dogs. The electrophysiological effect of cardiocyclide was studied by method of programmed electric stimulation of myocardium on the background of excitation of the a peripheral segment of the right vagus by current pulses of increasing frequency. On this background, cardiocyclide exhibited characteristic effects manifested primarily in the repolarization and the AV node conduction. In addition, the drug eliminated suppression of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes and changes in the atrioventricular conduction caused by the vagus nerve. This drug effect was dose-dependent. The action of cardiocyclide in response to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system was independent of the frequency of the induced heart rate.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of narcotics on impulse conduction in the afferent pathways of visceral nerves].

In tests set up on cats immobilized with pyraxolone and anatruxonium the effect of non-inhalation narcotics on the evoked potentials of the cortex and subcortical structures with visceral and also somatic, acoustic and photo-stimulation was studied. With stimuli of different modality sodium ethaminal was found to inhibit evoked potentials of the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon and midbrain cortex. Hexabarbital sodium suppressed biopotentials in specific, associative and non- specific brain structures in the event of visceral and somatic stimulation. Viadril enhanced the amplitude of potentials in all types of stimulation Urethan inhibited potentials in specific pathways of visceral and somatic nerves as well as in associative and non-specific brain structures following visceral, somatic and acoustic stimulation, with the amplitude of potentials to photostimulation then increasing.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative study of the effects of antiarrhythmic class III drugs cardiocyclide and sotalol on the atrioventricular fibrillation caused by vagus nerve excitation in narcotized dogs].

The new class III antiarrhythmic agent cardiocyclide effectively prevents the atrioventricular fibrillations caused by the vagus nerve excitation in narcotized dogs. The electrophysiological effect of cardiocyclide was studied by method of programmed electric stimulation of myocardium on the background of excitation of a peripheral segment of the right vagus nerve by current pulses of increasing frequency. On this background, cardiocyclide exhibited characteristic effects manifested primarily by elongation of the QT and QTc intervals (corrected in accordance with the heart rate) and the effective refractory periods of both atrium and ventricles. The ability of cardiocyclide to increase the effective refractory period was retained irrespective of the drive signal frequency. A specific feature of the cardiocyclide effect on the model of vagus nerve excitation is a greater increase in the effective refractory auricular period as compared to that observed under normal conditions. Sotalol is less effective than cardiocyclide in the case of vagotonic atrial stimulation and does not prevent the bradycardia induced by the vagus nerve excitation. However, sotalol still retains its effects on the repolarization, the effective refractory auricular and ventricular periods, and the AV node under these conditions.

Acetates↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various narcotic analgesics after intravenous autoanalgesia].

The article is devoted to an investigation of intravenous analgesia with different narcotic analgetic drugs (phentanyl, morphine, dipidolor). A comparative assessment of the influence upon central hemodynamics, lung ventilation, acid-base metabolism and blood gases was performed, as well as the degree of analgesia in using these drugs. A conclusion is made that morphine and phentanyl are preferable for the intravenous postoperative autoanalgesia.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1991

Study on the doping control method for the detection of narcotic analgesics and beta-blockers.

The analytical method for doping control analysis has been studied. Twenty-nine drugs including eighteen narcotic analgesics, nine beta-blockers, one stimulant and one internal standard were analysed simultaneously by gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorous detector and gas chromatograph combined with a mass selective detector after derivatization of the drugs.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The new Soviet narcotic analgesic phenaridine as a component of general anesthesia during cancer surgery].

The results of studies on 65 cancer patients operated on under modified neuroleptanalgesia using fenaridine give evidence of a more potent and prolonged analgetic effect of a new Soviet narcotic analgesic fenaridine as compared to fentanyl. Fenaridine ensures stable neuroautonomous protection of the body during cancer surgery and is indicated in prolonged traumatic surgical interventions with cardiopulmonary bypass. Along with the above advantages fenaridine possesses all the complex of side effects typical of opiates associated with the depression of respiratory centres, psychoemotional sphere, activation of parasympathetic centres which may complicate the period following the patient's withdrawal from anesthesia and necessitate prolonged controlled lung ventilation in the early postoperative period. Thus, during 3-5-hour-long surgery it is advisable to administer the basic amount of the overall drug dose during the first 1-1.5 h of anesthesia and surgery, which promotes the awakening of most patients 10-15 min after surgery. Another drawback of fenaridine is the onset of marked rigor and signs of microcirculation disturbances upon discontinuation of the drug effect.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1990

[Liposomal systems--prospective drug forms. II. The creation and characterization of liposomal systems for the oral use of narcotic analgesics].

Liposomal systems were prepared for oral usage of narcotic analgesics morphine and phentanyl. The systems were examined for homogeneity in respect to seize size and form of liposomal structures by a diffraction-laser method and electron microscopy. The liposomal drug forms were studied on biological experiment as the change in the body temperature of rats was described. It was established that in rats oral usage of liposomal systems with morphine respectively with phentanyl caused significantly better effect in comparison with active substances, not taken in liposomes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Nosocomial Pseudomonas pickettii bacteremias traced to narcotic tampering. A case for selective drug screening of health care personnel.

Three patients in a university hospital developed nosocomial infusion-related Pseudomonas pickettii bacteremia. Investigation identified six additional patients who had received intravenous fluid contaminated by P pickettii but did not become ill. All nine patients had had surgery, and each of these patients but only nine of 19 operated-on control patients had received intravenous fentanyl citrate in the operating room; the mean dose given to the nine case patients was far greater than that given to control patients. Fentanyl in 20 (40%) of 50 predrawn 30-mL syringes was shown to be contaminated by P pickettii. Contamination was caused by theft of fentanyl from predrawn synringes and replacement by distilled water contaminated by P pickettii. Narcotic theft by health care personnel may cause patients to suffer pain needlessly and can also result in dire unanticipated consequences, such as nosocomial bacteremia. Whereas drug testing in the workplace is highly controversial, we believe that testing of health care personnel is indicated when drug abuse or theft is suspected.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Prescription of narcotics to drug addicts? decision aids and guidelines for problem situations].

The proposal is presently being discussed in public that further spread of HIV-infections should be prevented by prescribing substitute drugs. As a rule, no narcotic drug should be prescribed to addicts--to this rule there are a few quite specific exceptions. For instance opiate substitution may be indicated in drug addicts with advanced AIDS who are so debilitated that detoxification measures can no longer be applied, for example by oral long-acting levomethadone. For this particular situation, treatment guidelines are proposed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Narcotic use in pregnancy.

Narcotic use in pregnancy remains a critical problem in 1990. Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality are increased significantly in pregnancies complicated by opioid addiction. Methadone maintenance is an important component of the management of many pregnant opioid addicts. The unavailability in most communities of specialized services dealing with perinatal addiction contributes to the dismal outcome frequently observed. The helpless fetus does not get the opportunity to just say no to drugs. As a society, we must just say no to continuing to ignore this problem.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Narcotic addiction: the expectant mother and her baby.

In a retrospective study of the period 1982-1985, the records of 29 narcotic-addicted mothers and their 42 babies were reviewed. All mothers were from socially deprived backgrounds, had a poor record of ante-natal attendance and had frequent admissions to hospital. Thirteen mothers had a past history of hepatitis B and four were HBsAg positive. The babies had significantly lower mean gestational age and mean birth weight than the control group. Features of withdrawal were recorded in 84% of babies where a history was available. A high incidence of twins (10.5%) was also observed. Testing for HIV antibody in more recent cases has revealed positive results in seven mothers and three babies; one infant has since died from acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of mivacurium chloride (BW B109OU) during nitrous oxide-narcotic, nitrous oxide-halothane and nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia in surgical patients.

One hundred seventeen adult surgical patients were studied to compare neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of mivacurium chloride during nitrous oxide-narcotic (BAL, n = 45) nitrous oxide-halothane (HAL, n = 27) and nitrous oxide-isoflurane (ISF, n = 45) anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide (60%-70%) and oxygen (30%-40%) with end-tidal concentrations of halothane or isoflurane to yield a total MAC of approximately 1.25, or with supplemental fentanyl and thiopental as clinically indicated. Twitch response of the adductor pollicis muscle was elicited by supramaximal square wave pulses of 0.2 msec duration at a frequency of 0.15 Hz (Grass S44 stimulator) to the ulnar nerve and quantitated by a Grass FT10 transducer. Nine patients in each of the HAL and ISF groups received one of four doses of mivacurium (0.03, 0.05, 0.10 or 0.15 mg/kg). Ninety patients in the balanced anesthesia group received one of seven doses of mivacurium (0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.08, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 mg/kg). The ED50, ED75 and ED95 of mivacurium in each group were estimated from linear regression plots of log dose versus probit of maximum percentage depression of twitch height. The ED50, ED75 and ED95 for halothane and isoflurane are 0.040, 0.053 and 0.081 and 0.037, 0.043 and 0.053, respectively. The ED50, ED75, and ED95 for the balanced group are 0.039, 0.050, and 0.073 mg/kg respectively. There was no significant difference between the slopes of the HAL and BAL inhalation anesthetic dose-response curves. The slope of the ISF group was significantly than the slope of the BAL group. Intercepts of the HAL and BAL curves were not different. The isoflurane curve's intercept was significantly less than the other groups' intercepts, lying above the halothane curve, but below the BAL curve. For the 0.05 mg/kg dose, maximum block was greater in the ISF group (89.1 +/- 2.7%, n = 9) than in the HAL (70.3 +/- 7.6%, n = 9) or BAL (67.7 +/- 6.4%, n = 9) groups. At higher doses of mivacurium, isoflurane produces a greater potentiation of neuromuscular block than halothane or balanced anesthesia. There were no significant cardiovascular changes seen in any group following mivacurium doses up to 0.15 mg/kg (approximately 2xED95).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Voluntary ingestion of packages containing narcotic drugs. Diagnosis and treatment in a clinical case].

A case of intracorporeal concealment of narcotics is reported. Cocaine mixed with marihuana were the ingested drugs. Surgical treatment is, in selected cases, the safest method to remove such packages from the gastrointestinal tract also in subjects without mechanical obstruction. In fact, rupture of a packet threatens the patient's life, because of cocaine's high toxicity and lack of antidote.

Adult↗