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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[A clinical analysis of high myopia with primary open-angle glaucoma].

OBJECTIVE: To approach the bases of early diagnosis of high myopia (HM) combined with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: (1) There were 3 groups of POAG: group A with HM (40 eyes of 21 cases), group B with medium myopia (40 eyes of 21 cases) and group C with low myopia (42 eyes of 21 cases). Their visual field defect, retinal nerve fiber layer defect (RNFLD), the maximum intraocular pressure and corrected visual acuity were compared. (2) The stereo-photos of the HM-POAG were observed directly, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: (1) On the initial visit, the patients of group A obviously suffered more serious visual field defects and RNFLD, and the corrected visual acuity was lower than that of the two other groups. (2) The specific fundus changes at the papilla and its surrounding retina of the HM patients interfered with the early detection of glaucoma. The dilatation of pupil to examine the fundus and the use of stereo-photos were the main measures to elevate the detectable rate of glaucoma. CONCLUSION: Recognizing the early clinical characteristics of HM itself combined with that of POAG may help us to improve the proficiency of HM-POAG early detection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Optimization of anesthesiological management of the delivery in women with moderate and high myopia].

Eye fundus, functional state of retina, intraocular pressure, central hemodynamics and cerebral circulation were examined in 290 patients with moderate or severe myopia and in 25 healthy women during pregnancy, in parturition period and after labors. 255 labors were conducted by way of natural maternal passages under prolonged epidural anesthesia at the first and second stages of labor. Epidural anesthesia was accompanied by decreasing vasoconstriction and both cerebral and ocular circulation improvement. There was no any progress in myopia in a year after delivery. The labor by way of normal maternal passages were proved to be carried out under epidural anesthesia in patient with moderate and severe myopia.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed2002

[Unilateral myelinated nerve fibers associated with myopia or amblyopia].

There are described a number of 9 clinical cases with unilateral myelinated nerve fibers, associated with myopia or amblyopia. Four cases developed extended myelinated areas, anisometropia with increased values, accentuated amblyopia and macular changes. Patients underwent treatment for amblyopia through correction with spectacles lenses and the occlusion of the congenerous eye. The obtained functional results differentiated the casemix in two groups: with therapeutic failure, 4 cases, characterized by extended myelination, anisometropia with an average of over -10 diopters and macular changes. with therapeutic success, 5 cases, characterized by reduced myelination, anisometropia with an average of over -4 diopters and normal maculae. It has been found a significantly statistical difference between the two groups as regarding the value of the anisometropia. However, the macular aspect has been an important factor in order the therapeutic effect to succeed. This clinical syndrome is differentiated from the unilateral simple myopia with amblyopia and from the myelinated nerve fibers without myopia or amblyopia.

Amblyopia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative analysis of the efficacy of some methods of conservative treatment of accomodation spasms and myopia in children].

A study was carried out of short- and long-term results in treatment of accommodation spasms and myopia of mild and moderate degrees in children with equipment having different operating mechanism. 171 patients aged 6-15 years were examined (30 persons made up a control group). Electrostimulation, laser stimulation and treatment on "Ambliokor" equipment were used. It was found out that these procedures give a good immediate effect in treatment of accommodation spasm and myopia but 5-6 months later the obtained results deteriorated in 2/3 of children and therefore it is recommended to repeat the treatment in the above period. Using "Ambliokor" equipment provides the best short-term effect. The highest effectiveness of treatment was obtained in combined method comprising all three procedures which made it possible to reduce the rate of myopia progression 2-fold and more compared with the similar index in the control group.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma-modified silicone graft for scleroplasty in progressive myopia].

Plasma-chemical modification of synthetic transplant material (proliferous silicone) intended for scleroplasty in progressive myopia was theoretically substantiated, developed in the experiment and tested in practice. This treatment was shown to enhance the biocompatibility of a graft which tightly joins the sclera through the connective tissue intergrown from the surrounding capsule into the graft. The efficacy of the proposed plasma-modified grafts in stabilizing progressive myopia in 18 patients operated on (33 eyes) aged 6 to 49 years (spherical equivalent myopia degree 3.0-28.0 D) during 3- year followup was 97%. There was an elevation of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, are active course of the postoperative period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[The management of posterior capsular in cataract operations of high myopia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the management of posterior capsular in cataract operation of high myopia in order to avoid posterior capsular opacity(PCO). METHODS: Twenty-two cases(30 eyes) of high myopia with an average axial length of 31.62 mm were analyzed. Cataract phacoemulsification were performed in all cases, among which 12 eyes were operated with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (group I) of posteror capsular and 18 eyes were operated with capsulorectomy combined with anterior segment vitrectomy (group II). No artificial lenses were implanted in all cases. RESULTS: The post-operative naked vision were improved in both groups. Group I: The VA > or = 0.1 in all 12 eyes(100%), > or = 0.3 in seven eyes (58.3%) and no complication happened. Group II: The VA > or = 0.1 in 16 eyes(88.9%), > or = 0.3 in nine eyes (50%), and one eye with hemmorhage choroid detachment in the operation and three eyes with retina tear after the operation. CONCLUSION: Continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis of posteror capsular in treating PCO of high myopia with cataract is a safe effective and economic way compared with capsulorectomy combined with anterior segment vitrectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Result of orthokeratology for treatment of young people with myopia].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of orthokeratology (Ortho-K) for treatment of myopia in youngths. METHODS: 110 eyes of 56 young peoples with myopia received Ortho-K were studied. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to preoperative diopters. No. I: -1.00(-)-3.00 D, No. II: -3.25(-)-6.00 D, NO. III: -6.25(-)-7.50 D. The uncorrected visual acuities, residual diopters and corneal refractive powers at various time of three months after the operation were statistically analyzed and compared with that of preoperation. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were performed between the corneal refractive reduction (X) and clinical refractive reduction (Y) after 3 months of the operation. RESULTS: In 110 eyes, the uncorrected visual acuities in the first day, first week, first month, second month and third month after operation were significantly improved than that of the preoperation (P < 0.01). The mean residual diopters were significantly reduced than that of preoperation (P < 0.01). The mean refractive powers of cornea were significantly decreased than that of the preoperative (P < 0.01). There was significant correlation between the corneal refractive reduction and clinical refractive reduction. (r = 0.3181, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology is a safe and effective therapeutic method for treatment of myopia in youngths. The long term effect of Orthokeratology need further observation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Drug-induced myopia.

(1) Acute myopia can be drug-induced. (2) Cholinergic drugs cause accommodative spasm responsible for myopia. (3) Many other drugs, such as sulphonamides, and diuretics, can cause myopia without accommodative spasm. (4) Early withdrawal of the responsible drug leads to rapid recovery.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood and oxygen supply of visual cortex analyzer in children with normal vision and myopia].

Blood and oxygen supply, respiration and cerebral cortex function especially those cortical parts in which visual analyzer is represented were studied in children and adolescents with myopia and accommodation spasm. It was found that respiration function and oxygen regime in myopia children and adolescents are 2-3 years behind those in normal children and adolescents. Electroencephalogram data show that index of alpha-rhythm in the occipital lobes (especially in the left lobe) and amplitude of alpha-rhythm in the right lobe are lower than in healthy subjects. Delta waves prevail on EEG of myopia patients, especially in the front lobes. Indirect signs of general cerebral dyscirculatory symptoms and dysfunction of the subcortical structures were registered as well as moderate changes in bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex. 20-day interval hypoxic training in children and adolescents raised efficacy of the external respiration and circulation, normalized bioelectric activity. The majority of the patients improved their visual acuity up to complete normalization.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

[Corneal endothelium in children and adolescents with myopia].

PURPOSE: To determine, whether the myopia could has an influence on corneal endothelium morphology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients' age was from 13-th to 18-th years. Lens wearers and patients with external eye diseases and ocular surgery in the history, were excluded. The endothelium was imaged by non-contact microscope Topcon SP-2000P. The following parameters were examined: corneal thickness, corneal endothelial density, mean cell area of endothelial cells, coefficient of variation of cell size. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the corneal thickness among various degrees of myopic refractive error. Endothelial cell density (ECD) decreased in eyes with high myopia, but it not correlated either with corneal thickness nor with axial length of eyes. There was correlation between average cell area (AVG) and the degree of myopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Average and high myopia in pregnant women at delivery].

A total of 315 pregnant women were under observation: 290 (92.1%) of women with myopia made up the main group, and 25 (7.9%), which had no extragenital pathologies or any pregnancy complications, were in the control group. It was for the first time that an algorithm of pregnancy and delivery monitoring for myopic patients was worked out: the algorithm comprises ophthalmologic examinations including rheoophthalmography carried out during the delivery. The specific features of the ocular hemodynamics and intraocular pressure as well as their dependence on the parameters of central hemodynamics and volumetric cerebral blood velocity at all stages of spontaneous delivery were studied. The role of prolonged epidural anesthesia, as a method normalizing the hemodynamics of the ciliary tract, was defined to optimize the delivery by women with average and high myopia. The above stated makes it possible to prevent possible complications (in the organ of vision) in patients with average and high myopia and to decrease the frequency of operative delivery from 21.8% to 1.3%.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Familial high myopia--challenge of modern genetics].

In this paper has been accomplished an estimation of contemporary achievement in molecular researches domain's of pathology in familial high myopia. Clinical observations of monozygotic and dizygotic twins groups and also among family members with this type of myopia disclosing in following generations show, that it has inborn character. Nowadays, it has been identified three gen locci connected with heritage of this illness unit: 18p11.31, 12q21-31, 7q36. Above incontestable achievements do not interpret mechanism uprising this disease. Problem is still, to define the products planned by exchanged area of DNA, conditioning progress of high familial myopia.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12↗
PubMed2003

[Selection of IOL power formula for patients with cataract and high myopia].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of two IOL power formulas (SRK-T and SRK-II) in order to improve the accuracy of predicative IOL powers for patients with cataract and high myopia. METHODS: (1) Patient's axial lengths of the eye, K-readings and A-constants were input to the SRK-T and SRK-II formulas. The differences in predicative refraction between the two formulas were compared. (2) Eight six patients (130 eyes) with cataract and high myopia underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber IOL implantation were studied. These patients were randomly divided into two groups and received IOL whose power was determined by either SRK-T or SRK-II. Three months after IOL implantation, the postoperative refractions were recorded and compared with predictive refractions. Patients were followed-up for 3 to 24 months. RESULTS: (1) When K-reading was 43.00 D, there was no statistically significant difference between the results from these two formulas (P > 0.05) and there was no correlation between the difference and the axial lengths (P > 0.05). In eyes with K-reading at 39.00 D, 41.00 D, 45.00 D, or 47.00 D, there was statistically significant difference between the results from these two formulas (P < 0.05). The difference between the two formulas was in proportional to the axial length (P < 0.05). (2) The mean error between the postoperative refraction and predictive refraction determined by SRK-T and SRK-II formula was 0.08 D and -0.79 D, respectively. The difference between these two formulas was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Selection of IOL power formula should consider the axial length, K-reading and other related factors. SRK-T formula is appropriate for high myopia eyes with axial length longer than 26.0 mm. In this group, SRK-T formula is much more accurate than the SRK-II formula.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical research of the implantation of phakic anterior chamber intraocular lens for high myopia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the implantation of phakic anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) for high myopia. METHODS: A consecutive group of 73 eyes in 41 patients with -7.00 to -30.00 diopters (D) of myopia were implanted. RESULTS: All of 73 eyes were implanted successfully and have been followed-up for 3 m (months). The uncorrected visual acuity was from FC/33 cm to 0.2 pre-operatively and 0.1 to 1.0 3 m post-operatively. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was from 0.05 to 1.0 pre-operatively and 0.1 to 1.0 3 m post-operatively. The post-operative BCVA of every eye was not worse than the pre-operative one. The refractive diopters were from -7.00 to -30.00 D pre-operatively and -6.00 to +2.50 D 3 m post-operatively. There were no significant differences between pre- and 3 m post-operative mean corneal astigmatism (t = 1.751, P = 0.082) and mean intraocular pressure (IOP) (t = 1.181, P = 0.240), respectively. The mean counts of endothelial cells was (2 680 +/- 538)/mm(2) pre-operatively and (2 514 +/- 420)/mm(2) 3 m post-operatively. There was no significant difference (t = 1.182, P = 0.242) though it decreased 6.19%. No severe complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of phakic anterior chamber IOL for high myopia is predictable, reversible and controllable with simple manipulation. No severe complication occurred in 3 m post-operatively, and long-time follow-up is still required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Refractive surgery in myopia up to -6D].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical results in patients with myopia up to -6 dioptres (D) after refraction surgery, evaluate their stability and compare photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors evaluated before and after surgery the refraction values in patients with myopia up to -6 D operated in 1999 and 2000. The patients were subjected to standard examination before operation, one week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. The group comprised a total of 542 eyes, 452 PRK eyes and 90 LASIK eyes. RESULTS: After PRK surgery the mean spherical refraction after one year was -0.35 +/- 0.71 D, the mean astigmatism -0.63 +/- 0.38 D, UCVA 0.90 +/- 0.19, BCVA 0.98 +/- 0.11. After LASIK surgery after one year the mean spherical refraction was -0.10 +/- 0.81. D, the mean astigmatism -1.05 +/- 0.65 D, UCVA 0.80 +/- 0.24, BCVA 0.86 +/- 0.21. CONCLUSION: Both methods proved effective and safe for correction of myopia up to -6 D. The results at our clinic are comparable with other departments and are stable in different years. PRK and LASIK achieve equal postoperative results after an interval of 3 to 6 months following surgery.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed2003

[Long-term results of photorefractive keratectomy in myopia up to -6 D].

OBJECTIVE: To present clinical results of patients with myopia up to -6 dioptres (D) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and evaluate their stability during a 4-year period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors evaluated retrospectively the refraction before and after surgery in patients with myopia up to -6 D during the period from September 1997 till December 2000. The group comprised a total of 847 eyes. The mean spherical refraction during the whole follow up period was before surgery -3.61 +/- 1.17 D, the mean astigmatism was -0.65 +/- 0.63 D, non-corrected visual acuity (UCVA) 0.09 +/- 0.09, the visual acuity with optimal correction (BCVA) 1.21 +/- 0.30. RESULTS: One year after PRK we achieved in our group a mean spherical refraction of -0.17 +/- 0.74 D, a mean astigmatism of -0.61 +/- 0.43 D, UCVA 0.92 +/- 0.25, BCVA 1.02 +/- 0.19. CONCLUSION: Photorefractive keratectomy is an effective and safe method for correction of myopia up to -6 D. The results as regards refraction were comparable with other departments and did not differ much during individual years. Stabilization occurs 3-6 months after the operation.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1976

[Some metabolic values of acid mucopolysaccharides in myopia (author's transl)].

The study group consisted of 82 children aged 9 to 14 years with the following forms of myopia: progressive (37 cases), stable (22 cases), congenital stable (11 cases) and incipient (12 cases). During the period of progression in myopia, a significant increase was found in the 24-hour-excretion of acid mucopolysaccharides. In the patients with stable and congenital stable forms the excretion of acid mucopolysaccharides did not differ significantly from that in the control group of emmetropic and hypermetropic children. The results of electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and of the carbazol and orcinol reactions showed predominant excretion of A and C chondroitinsulphates in patients with myopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization not caused by age related macular degeneration or pathologic myopia].

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin on visual acuity (VA) and fluorescein angiography, in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) not secondary to age related macular degeneration (AMD) or pathologic myopia. METHODS: 113 eyes from 104 patients underwent PDT due to subfoveal CNV from July 2001 to June 2002. In this study only those patients with CNV not related to AMD or pathologic myopia were included. Fluorescein angiography and visual acuity were evaluated. RESULTS: 9 eyes from 8 patients (8.03%) showed distinct causes of CNV: 3 were idiopathic cases, 1 suffered angioid streaks, 1 was secondary to laser photocoagulation due to diabetic retinopathy, 2 had polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and 2 central serous choroiditis. Regarding VA results, 77.7% improved or mantained the previous VA. Angiography resolution was observed in 55.5% of the cases (80% with just one PDT session). Average follow up was 10.5 months. Systemic or local complications were not observed. CONCLUSION: PDT may be useful in the treatment of different types of CNV due to causes other than AMD or high myopia.

Aged↗