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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Health status of 6- and 7-year-old 1st-graders studying under the new program of the Ministry of Public Education].

Medical follow-up was realized, during the first school year, on six- and seven-years old, first grade school-children, with the purpose to study effect on the health state of the training accordint to the new programme of Ministry of Education. Both groups of school-children observed, were trained according to identical plans and programmes but the organization of the school environment and regimen of the six-year old pupils were more favourable from sanitaryhygienic point of view (smaller number of pupils in the classes, more favourable microclimate in the class rooms, school furniture consistent with the age, conditions for afternoon sleep). A tendency to relatively better hialth state among the 6-years old, first grade pupils was established within the frames of the first grade, regardless of their younger age. That is mainly associated with the better training conditions guaranteed. The follow-up of the school-children is planned to continue during the following school-years.

Bulgaria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory atopy and season of birth: epidemiologic considerations].

Numerous environmental conditions have been considered factors which may favour atopic disease. 320 children (233 males and 87 females, aged from 1 year and 10 months to 16 years and 6 months) were followed at the Out-patients' Department for Allergology of the V Pediatric Clinic (University of Milano). These children were examined in order to determine possible environmental factors, which could be related to subsequent allergic sensitization in infancy. We excluded all the subjects with a high atopic risk owing to: gestational age under 36 weeks, weight at birth under 2,500 Kg, respiratory distress in infancy, bronchiolitis in the first 6 months of life, particularly unfavourable conditions of the domestic microclimate. We did not find any correlation between the length of the period of breast feeding alone and the subsequent appearance of atopic sensitization. The only factor which could be related to atopic sensitization was the season of birth: the majority of atopic subjects were born in the period of maximum exposure to their respective allergens. Our data underline the difficulty in planning any efficacious prophylactic measure against respiratory allergy, limiting our possibilities to the improvement of assistance during pregnancy and to newborns and to the realization of better hygienic and environmental conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Thermal springs of Kavassila/N. Ioannina/, Greece--research study].

The thermometallic springs of Kavassila, district Ioannina, are situated at a height of 410 m in a mild intermediate microclimate. They spring forth in two groups of springs near Sarantaporos river into which they pour without proper exploitation. Examinations of the water of the springs such as microbiological, microfloric blue algae and physico-chemicals have produced mainly: supply 400 m3/h, temperature 32 degrees C, electrical conductivity 1850 mS, colourless, taste of drinkable water, no emulsion, pH 7,60-8,20, sulfuric content 175,7 mg/l, strong odour of hydrogen sulphide, radon content 13-14 MACHE. Based on the above, the springs are to be characterised as hypothermic, hydrogen suplphide and sodium chloride containing mineral water, which is very suitable for drinking and bath therapy according to the principles of hydrotherapeutics: Water bath therapy and mud bath for the following diseases: skin diseases, rheumatoarthritic, chronic gynaecological, as well as vascular diseases. Inhalation therapy for troubles such as chronic troubles of the respiratory diseases, asthma, emphysema and laryngo-faryngeal pathological condition in both smokers and non-smokers. Drinking therapy for problems arising from the gastrointestinal tract, liver, bile ducts and kidneys. Similar springs in Greece, compared and mentioned are: Thermopylae, Kaiafa, Kyllini and abroad: Apenta-Springs Hungary and Piatigorsk Russia. For the correct exploitation of the thermomineral waters in Kavassila, the build-up of a modern curative hydrotherapeutic centre is proposed, due to the quality of the springs, as well as it's good and healthpromoting climate.

Balneology↗
PubMed1983

Evidence for the implication of environmental factors in the aetiology of chronic bronchitis.

The single most important harmful factor in the aetiology of bronchitis is cigarette smoking, however environmental factors play a significant, if smaller role. Morbidity and mortality due to bronchitis have been higher in Britain than other European countries and the regional variation also suggests environmental influences. There is a marked seasonal variation in the prevalence of bronchitis due to the independent influences of air temperature and air pollution. The relationship between air pollution and bronchitis has been confirmed for both children and adults, and a distinction is made between acute short term and chronic long term effects. In recent years attention has focused on pollution of the microclimate within buildings. Occupational and other social factors may also be of aetiological importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Value and value in use of "hygiene in crèches" (author's transl)].

The results of an investigation of crèches in an urban and in a rural district are discussed in regard of the possibilities of improving the material conditions and equipment in connection with their economic effects (milk kitchen, microclimate, crèches for staff training, problems of supply). The special problems of building crèches in rural areas are explained. Based on own investigative results and on economic calculations the economic benefit of crèches and the economic loss in absent morbidity of children were computed. On this background and by the help of a comparison of extreme groups, of a comparison of the rural with the urban district and of factor analysis (two forms) the attempt is made to evaluate the main causes of children's absent morbidity especially of the morbidity of the respiratory system. Conclusions with respect to the future development of building crèches are performed.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed1983

[The severity rate of accidents in a mechanical plant].

The severity rate of industrial accidents is calculated so as to make possible their statistical processing. The application to the case of a mechanical plant is presented in order to estimate the severity of the industrial accident risk. Such risk increases with the age of the accident victims, with great climatic changes, with the passing of non-stop working hours, and is due above all to limb contusions (the upper are the more affected) as a consequence of struck against or by objects, of the falls of objects and persons, of getting caught between objects and of hitting against stationary objects, in increasing order of severity; the decrease in the rate with the passing of week days can be indicative of difficulties in the psyco-physical adjustment to the work place. The severity rate has decreased in the course of the seven years examined for unclear causal reasons which require their own analysis. The improvement in the prevention of industrial accident in this plant can be accomplished through the amelioration of the whole work place from the physical point of view (relief from physical fatigue, control of microclimate and pollution, order and cleanliness in a work place of adequate space and illumination), as well as from the psycological point of view (letting the staff know about the risks and the means to avoid them, concern with social relations).

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1984

[Amino acid bioconversion in the feed for broilers under different breeding rates].

Two experiments were carried out under productional conditions with a total of 69 520 broiler birds (four-line hybrids, crosses of White Plymouth Rock x Cornish ) --one in the spring and one in the summer. The birds were grown in a poultry house at density of 16.6 per sq. m. of floor area and in cage at the rate of 23.6 per sq. m. (an enclosure on the same premise). On another premise the birds were kept at 23.6 and 16.6 per sq. m., respectively. Every 15 days the amino acids and the protein were determined in the white meat, and each feed batch was checked as regards its crude protein and amino acid content. It was found that the bioconversion of the amino acids of the feed into amino acids of the white meat was acted upon by a constellation of biotic and abiotic ecologic factors. Dicisive was the effect of the biotic factors. It is stated that the present approach to optimize only the elements of the microclimate at higher rates of broiler raising is insufficient. It is necessary to study the biotic ecologic factors in detail as the base of optimization of the homotypic and heterotypic reactions.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of the barn environment with and without windows in the rearing of pigs].

In the years 1979 and 1980 the microclimate in two types of calving rooms AGRA was studied: rooms with and without windows. A comparison demonstrated that in the rooms with windows the air flow in the zone of abode of animals was higher, rather cooling the piglets, which was not desirable. The light and working conditions in this calving room were better. The temperature and moisture regime in the calving room with windows was influenced negatively because in spring and autumn the stable was cooled by cold outside air and in winter the air temperatures were reduced by heat removal through the windows. In the stable with windows the number of weaned piglets per sow was higher and the mortality rate was lower. The results of rearing are also influenced by the quality of piglet management.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1978

Effect of pneumatic tourniquet on muscle oxygen tension.

Recent investigations suggest that circulation in a limb can be reduced with a tourniquet to less than 1 per cent of the control limb, or even completely occluded. The development of tissue oxygen tonometry with implanted silastic tubes has provided new possibilities for assessing muscle tissue oxygen tension. In the present work, this method was employed to register the effect of tourniquet blackade on the lower limb muscle PO2 in rabbits. The duration of the tourniquet blockade was 60, 120 and 180 minutes. The baseline muscle PO2 in the tibialis anterior muscle was 22.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg. During the tourniquet blockade the oxygen tension dropped to minimal values between 9.2 +/- 0.5 and 10.7 +/- 0.6 mmHg in these experimental groups, but the tissue microclimate never reached fully anoxic conditions. The rapid response of muscle PO2 to oxygen breathing after release of the blockade suggests that limb microcirculation tolerates tourniquet occlusion well.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of population density during raising on amino acid levels in the serum and various organs of broilers].

Experiments were carried out on a productional premise of controlled microclimate. Broilers were raised under one and the same conditions of keeping and feeding at two density values - 14 and 22 birds per 1 m2 of the flooring area. The level of amino acids was followed up in the blood serum, liver, and the red and white muscles of the broilers of the two groups. It was found that at higher rates of population (22 birds per 1 m2) the biotic-ecologic factors were influenced the integral effect being the activation of catabolism of proteins in the body of birds. At higher density the amount of amino acids in these organs was found to drop, changes being observed also in the amino acid profile. Nitrogen in the feed was also influenced positively in terms of its conversion into amine nitrogen.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

[Hygienic relevance of devices for indoor air treatment].

Shortcomings regarding design, construction, operation (including emissions), maintenance/repair and control of buildings with rooms for the accommodation of persons may be the reason to install air conditioning devices. According to manufacturers' data, such devices may be applied for various purposes, e.g. the creation of a defined air temperature or humidity, an increase of the supply of outdoor air, the cleaning and deodorization of indoor air or the alteration of the so-called electric climate of a room. The hygienic health evaluation of the different types of air conditioning devices should establish whether --there are aspects of health necessitating alterations of the microclimate of a room; --such alterations could be brought about in a more economic way by purely constructional or individual measures; --the function of individual apparatuses could be accomplished in a better way by replacing them by a larger device serving several rooms; --the operation of such devices may produce adverse health effects such as nuisance by noise, formation of undesirable gases (ozone), danger owing to non-adherence to electric safety rules; --there will be no damage to rooms and furniture, e.g. by water droplets. A look at a number of commercially available devices shows that they are generally dispensable. There are, however, special rare cases where the use of such devices may result in an improvement of the quality of indoor environments.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The work environment in steel-cord production].

We present the most interesting results of an environmental survey carried out in a factory producing steel-cord. On the basis of our data it results that the most important risks are due to the exposition to noise, to microclimate (particularly during summer) and to some gaseous pollutants which are present only in some departments. We briefly analyse the main lines of technical prevention.

Dust↗
PubMed1980

[Very useful eyeglasses].

Spectacles with moisture chambers for the treatment of dry keratitis. The dry corneal syndrome is very much improved by the creation of a humid "microclimate" maintained by cutaneous transpiration. The placing of spectacles with sealed shells allows these conditions to be achieved. Post operative glasses for aphakic patients. The placing of optical glasses immediately after surgery of the cataract helps the comfort of the aphake very much. These provisional glasses with lateral shells have adjustable, extensible sides, glasses are interchangeable. Centering is excellent.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Hygienic evaluation of the effectiveness of short-term suburban recreation from the viewpoint of natural climatic and demographic factors].

The importance of recreation grew considerably with the increase of leisure time and cultural level of the workers. In our country, on the other hand, there are no complete hygienic studies on the problems of organization and necessary equipment for recreation. In that connection, hygienic-urbanization, hygienic-sociological, microclimatic and physiological studies, as well as investigations on ultraviolet radiation, level of noise and extent of air pollution in some typical recreation places (Sofia and Varna) were carried out. Better conditions were established in nature - town ourskirts environment (as regard ultraviolet radiation, noise level, degree of air pollution, temperature-humidity and radiation microclimate) and their favourable effect on the physiological functions of organism (particularly as regards thermoregulation and cardiovascular system). A dependence was also established between the population recreation needs and social-demographic and nature - climatic factors. Tangible recommendations for the improvement of the state of short-term town outskirts recreation in Sofia and Varna are proposed on the base of the results.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1981

[Autonomic reactions in patients with infantile cerebral palsy].

The authors examined the neurovegetative reactions in 20 children aged 2 to 5 years suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis. The children examined had suffered perinatal hypoxia and natal intracranial injuries. Combined examinations of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems were carried out in standard conditions in a microclimate chamber. Various types of the response of the above systems to the orthostatic, solar, and oculocardiac loads were revealed. The disturbances of the homeostatic functions of the central and peripheral genesis on the one hand, and mode-rate hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome on the other were found to be in parallel. On the basis of the data of their experimental study the authors conclude that in the children examined the higher vegetative centres responsible for the body homeostasis have suffered a hypoxic damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A case of systemic strongyloidiasis in an ex-coal miner with idiopathic colitis.

An ex-coal miner was diagnosed with an idiopathic sigmoiditis compatible with colitis ulcerosa. He was treated with corticosteroids because of his deteriorating clinical condition, but his condition continued to worsen. He revealed to have a systemic Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection and Strongyloides colitis. A short time after diagnosis he died from septic shock despite therapy with thiabendazole and antibiotics. S. stercoralis is an opportunistic infection that is not uncommon and has high mortality in hyperinfection. It is prevalent in (sub)tropical areas, and also in coal mines because of the specific microclimate. However, the parasite is difficult to detect because eosinophilia can appear normal in chronic infection. Several stool examinations, duodenal aspiration or biopsies are necessary for a high diagnostic sensitivity. Serological diagnosis is the most sensitive and specific but is not always available.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical interpretation of the effects of leading hazardous factor in multifactorial intensive action].

The article "Clinical manifestations of chronic exposure of metallurgists and blacksmiths to heating microclimate" by T.K. Semennikova et al., published in "Industrial medicine and occupational hygiene" No 5, 1992, was reviewed and compared with the author's data. Extensive clinical materials in the article reviewed are traced only to chronic overheating, however the hygienic data presented prove critical levels of noise, local and general vibration, hard work. Index of occupational diseases was calculated, so vibro-acoustic effects and chronic overheating appeared to be comparable. Analysis of etiology and pathogenesis appeared to play an important role in evaluation of effects caused by multiple critical factors.

Hot Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems of hygienic safety of passenger transportation].

Research in the sphere of railway hygiene helped develop sanitary regulations for railway stations, centers for preparation of passenger cars for exploitation, train restaurants, etc. The authors demonstrate the advances in prophylactic disinfection of stations and cars, in assessment of the hygienic hazards of polymeric materials used in car making and of the microclimate in the cars, etc. Trends for investigation in railway transport hygiene are outlined.

Disinfection↗