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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The use of an MEG device as 3D digitizer and motion monitoring system.

An algorithm is described that localizes a set of simultaneously activated coils using MEG detectors. These coil positions are used for continuous or intermittent head position registration during long MEG sessions, to coregistrate MR and MEG data and to localize EEG electrodes attached to the scalp, when EEG and MEG are recorded simultaneously. The algorithm is based on a mathematical model in which the coils are described as stationary magnetic dipoles with known source time functions. This knowledge makes it possible to detect and remove bad channels automatically. It is also assumed that the source time functions are orthogonal. Therefore, the localization problem splits into independent localization problems. for each coil. The method is validated in a phantom experiment, where the relative coil positions were known. From this experiment it is found that the average error is 0.25 cm. An error of 0.23 cm was found in an experiment where 64 electrode positions were measured four times independently. Examples of the applications of the method are presented. Our method eliminates the use of an external 3D digitizer and maps the MEG directly onto other modalities. This is not only a practical advantage, but it also reduces the gross registration error. Furthermore, head motions can be monitored and MEG data can be corrected for these motions.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

[Influence of intelligence level of the type I diabetic patients handling hi-tech glycemia monitoring system on the effectiveness of intensive insulin treatment].

An intensive care system designed and developed in IBBE PAS allows for electronic storage and automatic transmission of BG values and other parameters directly from a patient's BG meter and electronic logbook (Glucometer M+ Bayer) to central clinical computer by telematic connection. Despite effort made to keep the system as simple as possible, its proper handling still requires some additional skills from the patient. Thus, effectiveness of the intensive insulin treatment supported by the system may be influenced by the patient's intelligence level. The aim of this work was to evaluate influence of the intelligence level of type 1 diabetic patients equipped with designed system on effectiveness of a long-term intensive insulin treatment. The study group consisted of 17 type 1 diabetic pregnant women randomly divided in two sub-groups. Eight patients used the transmission system and the remaining 9 patients were treated classically. Patient's intelligence level was assessed according Wechsler scale. Analysis of variance indicated that intelligence level did not influence significantly on average result of the treatment (p > 0.05) in whole study group and in both subgroups. Generally, in patients with lower (93 +/- 2.0) and higher (114.1 +/- 1.2) intelligence level glycemic control indices were found to be similar and did not differ significantly. Performed analysis indicated that the designed system could be properly handled by diabetic patients within wide range of intelligence level. However, despite not statistically significant influence of the patients intelligence level on obtained glycemic control, tendency was observed to obtain better average long-term glycemic control in patients with lower intelligence level using telematic data transmission in comparison with the patients treated in classical way (SDWG = 7.0 +/- 0.4 vs. 8.1 +/- 1.0 mmol/l and J = 30.3 +/- 4.4 vs. 39.0 +/- 12.2).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Design and operation of a whole-body monitoring system for the Goiânia radiation accident.

With as many individuals involved in the Goiânia 137Cs accident who had high levels of internal contamination, it was necessary to improvise a whole-body counter installation in loco. The in-vivo counting system was located in a 4.0 X 3.5 X 3.5-m room, where seven layers of 2-mm lead sheets with dimensions of 2.0 m X 1.0 m were overlaid on the floor at loci that were equidistant from the walls. A 20-cm diameter NaI (Tl) detector was installed at a height of 2.05 m above the floor at the center of the room. The detector was shielded and collimated with 5 cm of lead. The enormous amounts of activity in the subjects required the detector to be positioned at a height of 2.05 m. Subjects were required to wear disposable clothing and lie on a reclining, fiberglass chair. Counting time for the subjects was 2 min (live-time). The minimum detectable 137Cs activity for this counting time was 7.3 kBq* (0.05 significance level). Besides the accident victims, all individuals who had direct or indirect contact with contaminated people or areas were also monitored. More than 300 people of both sexes, with ages varying from a few months to 72 y, were measured for whole-body radioactivity. The observed activities ranged from less than the minimum detectable activity (MDA) to 59 MBq.

Accidents↗
PubMed2001

A simple and reliable monitoring system to confirm the preservation of the cavernous nerves.

BACKGROUND: It is important to establish a procedure with which to confirm the preservation of the cavernous nerves during nerve-sparing radical surgery. For this purpose, we examined changes in intracavernous pressure (ICP) following electrical stimulation of the neurovascular bundle (NVB) with respect to the continuity of the cavernous nerves. METHODS: Six cases of radical prostatectomy and eight cases of radical cystoprostatectomy were examined. In all cases, prior to prostate removal, electrical stimulation of the site where the NVB was determined to run was performed and the changes in ICP measured. In eight cases, ICP changes were also measured following prostate removal. RESULTS: Prior to prostate removal, ICP changes could be measured in all 28 sides of 14 cases. These changes were classified into two patterns: stimulation-related increases of convex waveform (t1) were observed in 24 sides (85.7%); and waveforms with reversed type (t2), which was thought to be an incomplete type t1, were observed in four sides (14.3%). There were no ICP changes following non-sparing or incomplete sparing of NVB macroanatomically. Of five sides where the NVB was supposedly completely preserved macroanatomically, ICP changes consisted of type t1 on three sides, t2 on one side and type t2 or no change on a single side. All measurements were obtained within 10 min. Neither electrical stimulation nor measurement of ICP caused any adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative stimulation of the NVB while monitoring ICP changes provides a simple and reliable method of accurately evaluating the preservation of the cavernous nerves.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Clinical evaluation of the on-line Sensicath blood gas monitoring system.

BACKGROUND: Blood gas analysis is an integral part of the management of open heart surgery and post-surgical intensive care patients. This study was conducted to compare the results of on-line blood gas analysis using the new Sensicath (SC) optical sensor technology against standard blood gas assay. METHODS: Comparative blood gas analysis was performed on 45 postoperative cardiovascular surgical patients and 5 patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. Simultaneous samples were obtained. One sample was sent to the central hospital laboratory for measurement using a Radiometer ABL 500 blood gas analyzer and the second sample was drawn past the optical sensor. Comparisons between the two methods for pH, pO2 and pCO2 were analyzed using linear regression and the method of Bland and Altman for the intensive care unit samples (N = 451) while the T test was used to compare data points obtained during cardiopulmonary bypass (N = 57). Bias, accuracy and precision were also calculated. RESULTS: The regression lines (r2) for pH, pO2, and pCO2 and were 0.69, 0.94, and 0.68 with slopes of 1.000, 0.0957, and 1.052 respectively for postoperative surgical patients. During cardiopulmonary bypass, the T test did not show any significant difference between the Sensicath and the reference values for the arterial and venous pH, pO2 and pCO2. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study found the Sensicath to be an accurate, useful tool which permits immediate blood gas analysis without blood exposure and constitutes an advance in the field of intensive care monitoring.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed2005

Brain tissue oxygen practice guidelines using the LICOX CMP monitoring system.

When a new technology is introduced it is important to empower the bedside practitioner with a resource tool that outlines the purpose, placement procedure, technology application guidelines, and interventions associated with that new technology. This promotes product and patient safety and successful implementation of the new technology. Continued evaluation of bedside clinical practice and the technology used in the care and treatment of the severe brain injured patient can lead to improvements in management and in technology design. Future clinical research initiatives exploring the impact of new technology will enable us to discover cost-effective treatments and interventions that will improve the outcome for a person with traumatic brain injury, a condition that devastates hundreds of thousands of Americans each year.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1994

Calibration of a 241Am wound-monitoring system using Monte Carlo techniques.

Monte Carlo techniques have been used to establish calibration factors and to predict gamma spectra for well-defined measurements. These techniques are routinely used to predict shielding requirements and critical specifications. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is researching the feasibility of using Monte Carlo techniques to establish calibration factors for in vivo measurement systems. A pilot study was conducted to demonstrate the use of the Monte Carlo technique to calibrate in vivo measurement systems, to predict the efficiency of a wound measurement system and compare the predicted efficiency with the measured efficiency, and to investigate the effects of the source geometry and the detector size on the measured efficiency. Results of this study demonstrate good agreement between the Monte-Carlo-predicted efficiency and the measured efficiency for a wound calibration phantom. The effects of the source geometry and the detector size tend to conform to the physical processes that govern the measurement process. These results demonstrate that the Monte Carlo technique accurately predicts the in vivo measurement efficiency if the characteristics of the attenuating material and the Monte Carlo source geometry are properly established.

Americium↗
PubMed1991

The contributions of the nurse and the machine in home uterine activity monitoring systems.

The relative contributions of home tokodynamometry and daily nursing telephone contact to the success of preterm birth prevention programs remains a subject of debate. Because investigators have obtained conflicting data, a reinterpretation of published results was undertaken by proposing a dynamic interface between the nurse and the machine. Experience gained from the technology and the development of nursing expertise with assessment of patient symptoms are presented as interdependent factors, both of which are critical to a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. It is proposed that this combined interactive expertise increases sensitivity to the early recognition of preterm labor. The nurse's role in providing social support to high-risk pregnant women is then identified as a potential additional independent contributing factor to reported observed reductions in preterm births. Discussion focuses on future research, public policy issues, and the need for expanding nurse-patient interactions into the home.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Combined analysis of biochemical parameters in serum and differential gene expression in circulating leukocytes may serve as an ex vivo monitoring system to estimate risk factors for complications in Diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of complications in Diabetes mellitus (DM). Individual sensitivity against stress, however, varies among DM-patients and results, therefore, in differential severity of consequent complications. To allow more complex interpretation of a delicate antioxidant/free radicals balance and its effect on cellular functions in individual DM-patients, we analysed a correlation between total antioxidant status (TAS), antioxidant gap (AtxGap), level of free radicals (FR), routine clinical biochemical parameters in blood and differential gene expression in circulating leukocytes of DM-patients versus non-diabetic individuals. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Positive correlation was found between TAS and creatinine (p=0.05), AtxGap and iron (p=0.025), and between AtxGap and anti-streptolysin O (p=0.025). Whereas no correlation was found between FR and any of the routine clinical parameters tested, a negative correlation was observed between AtxGap and glucose content (p=0.025) and between AtxGap and gamma-glutamyltransferase (p=0.05). An increased content of FR was shown to influence significantly an expression of selected stress responsible genes in leukocytes. Transcription levels of NF-kappaB, XRCC1 and 90-kDa heat-shock protein A were increased in all DM-patients compared to non-diabetic individuals. In contrast, an expression of XIAP and cytochrome P450 reductase was up-regulated in patients with decreased levels of both FR and TAS and increased body mass index. This differential expression of the stress responsible genes might be further considered as a potential risk factor for diverse DM-complications helping also in reliable monitoring of supplemental antioxidant therapy and more complex interpretation of delicate antioxidant/free radicals balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Application of a real-time microcomputer monitoring system: surveillance of induced labour by uterine activity quantitation.

The uterine activity of women during induced labour was analysed with a real-time Commodore PET 2001 series microcomputer. The active contraction area was measured in torr-min (1 torr = 0.133 kPa) per 10 min epochs [uterine activity unit (UAU)/10 min]. Surgical induction was followed immediately by administration of a geometric oxytocin infusion and all patients received epidural analgesia. Twenty-eight primigravidae for whom inductographic and partographic progress were normal had a mean 'stable phase' uterine activity of 118 +/- 2 SD 43 UAU/10 min (identical to 942 +/- 2 SD 343 kPas/10 min) whereas 15 multiparae had a mean 'stable phase' of 83 +/- 2 SD 34 UAU/10 min (identical to 662 +/- 2 SD 271 kPas/10 min). This difference was significant (P less than 0.01). The construction of uterine activity charts is described and their clinical application discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The prognosis of early-diagnosed twin pregnancies and the modification of their perinatological data using an ultrasonic monitoring system].

We report on the outcome of 129 twin pregnancies, discovered in the first trimenon by ultrasound. 14 (11.9 per cent) of the diagnosed twin pregnancies terminated as an abortus, 10 (8.5 per cent) as births with only one child (twice fetus papyraceus) and in 79.7 per cent as real gemini. Perinatological data of these 94 twin births in 1982-1986 are compared with 103 gemini pregnancies in 1971-78, when sonography and diagnosis ante partum was hardly known. Both groups did not differ with regard to the premature child rate, length of gestation, birth weights and weight differences of both children. The rate of hypotrophic children was reduced to half, especially through reduction of hypotrophic term infants. The number of twins with low birth weight was reduced, but the weight group under 2000 g however was almost constant. Perinatal mortality, still-birth rate and infant-mortality dropped by 50 per cent.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vascular access in Spain: analysis of its distribution, morbidity, and monitoring systems].

Vascular access disfunction causes a therapeutic emergency with different implications in patients and care givers. The aim of this study was to know the distribution of different kinds of vascular access between prevalent hemodialysis patients, the proportion of incident patients that holds a permanent vascular access, the monthly hospital ratio for access repair and the use of surveillance systems of vascular access adequacy in the different Centers. This is a National survey that shows results of a questionnaire sent to all hemodialysis units in Spain on september 1999. Eighty-eight units answered the questionnaire (42%) providing information about 5,476 prevalent patients. Of these patients, 81% receives treatment through an arteriovenous fistula, 10% uses a central catheter and 9% a graft. Only 56% of incident patients have a permanent vascular access. Reasons for catheter use between prevalent patients were exhaustion of vascular sites in 42%, maduration of permanent access in 24%, thrombosis of the access in 14% and another reasons in 19%. Patients monthly hospitalization ratio for vascular repair was 3%, that might represent more than 5,600 hospital ingress by year. More than 80% of the Units releases different surveillance programs of access adequacy, 69% by fiscal detection problems, 47% by dynamic alterations and 18% by dilution and imaging procediments. The conclusions of this survey are that arteriovenous fistula is the most used vascular access in Spain. Almost half of the patients do not have vascular access in use for the beginning of hemodialysis. Exhausted vascular sites is the primary reason for central catheter using. A great proportion of Units are employing programs for access monitoring.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed2001

[Gastric tonometry as monitoring system in abdominal surgery].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is the evolution of the intramucosal pH (pHi) during the quirurgic and the immediate postoperative process in pediatric patients, operated in abdominal surgery longer than 90 minutes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study including 25 patients was done. In all of them intraabdominal surgery was performed. The mean age was 5.6 +/- 3 years, range from 9 months to 13 years. The operative time was 207 +/- 76 minutes. The pHi was measured by means of a sigmoid tonometer introduced in the stomach. A tonometry was done hourly during the operative procedure, and every 8 hours during the postoperative period. RESULTS: 157 determinations of pHi were made with an average of 6.28 per patient. During the operative period the pHi decreased from 7.36 +/- 0.11 (30') to 7.22 +/- 0.11 (210'). During the postoperative, the pHi increased to 7.36 +/- 0.05, 24 hours later (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: During the surgery there was a significant reduction of the pHi, which recovered 16 hours after in the postoperative.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2002

[Risk factors in development of sleep apnea syndrome--a large population study using a simple monitoring system].

We studied the risk factors in the development of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in 779 patients (705 males and 74 females) using Apnomonitor R. The apnea index (AI) significantly correlated with the body mass index (BMI), and was higher in obese patients (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) than in non-obese patients. The prevalence of SAS increased with patient age. Obesity was less common in older than in younger patients. The AI was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers, as was the prevalence of SAS. The AI and the prevalence of SAS were higher in smokers than in non-smokers in both obese and non-obese patients. The AI was significantly higher in males than in females, and so was the prevalence of SAS. The AI and the prevalence of SAS were always higher in male obese patients, non-obese patients, smokers, and non-smokers than in female patients in the same categories. These results suggest that obesity, age, smoking, and gender were independent risk factors in the development of SAS.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of ambient temperature on analytical and clinical performance of a blood glucose monitoring system: Omnitest Sensor glucose meter.

The effect of ambient temperature on the analytical and clinical performance of a glucose meter was examined. A total of 114 venous whole blood samples were analysed for glucose by a reference method, and by a glucose meter at 21-22 degrees C, room temperatures, 26-27 degrees C and 33-34 degrees C. Glucose meter readings at each temperature were compared with the reference values and evaluated by analysis of variance, Spearman's correlation, the percentage of glucose meter readings within +/- 10% of the reference value and error grid analysis. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the effect of temperature on glucose meter readings. There were no significant differences in the glucose meter readings and in accuracy of the meter readings between different temperatures. Temperature was not a significant independent determinant of the glucose meter readings. For each glucose concentration, the precision of the meter and clinical performance were comparable between the different temperatures. In conclusion, ambient temperature does not affect the accuracy, precision and clinical performance of the Omnitest Sensor.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2002

Prevention of hypoglycemia using risk assessment with a continuous glucose monitoring system.

Due to the lag between sugar intake and the beginning of recovery from hypoglycemia, it is necessary to intervene in an anticipatory way if one wants to prevent, not only detect, hypoglycemia. This article presents the principle of a hypoglycemia prevention system based on risk assessment. The risk situation can be defined as the moment when the system estimates that the glucose concentration is expected to reach a hypoglycemia threshold in less than a given time (e.g., 20 min). Since there are well-known discrepancies between blood and interstitial glucose concentrations, the aim of this experimental study performed in nondiabetic rats was first to validate this strategy, and second to determine whether it can work when the glucose concentration is estimated by a glucose sensor in subcutaneous tissue rather than in blood. We used a model of controlled decrease in blood glucose concentration. A glucose infusion, the profile of which mimicked the appearance of glucose from an intragastric load, was administered either when hypoglycemia was detected or on the basis of risk recognition. Despite the lag between the beginning of the load and that of the increase in blood glucose concentration, which was in all experiments 15-20 min, hypoglycemia was fully prevented without overshoot hyperglycemia in the groups of rats in which the glucose load was started when the hypoglycemia risk was detected, on the basis of either blood or interstitial glucose concentration. This was, of course, not the case when the same glucose load was infused at the detection of the hypoglycemia threshold.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Oxidative stress in the central nervous system: monitoring the metabolic response using the pentose phosphate pathway.

We propose that monitoring the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) may provide an opportunity to obtain unique information regarding the metabolic response to oxidative stress since glutathione peroxidase activity is coupled, via glutathione reductase, to the PPP enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. PPP activity was quantitated from data obtained from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of released lactate following metabolic degradation of (1,6-13C2,6,6-2H2)glucose. The feasibility of this approach for in vitro studies is shown using cultured rat 9L gliosarcoma cells, primary mixed cerebrocortical and primary astrocytic cultures and in vivo using intracerebral microdialysis. Exposure of 9L gliosarcoma cells to increasing concentrations of phenazine methosulfate, diamide and H2O2 correlated with increasing stimulation of the PPP, revealing the coupling of the PPP to the glutathione pathway. In all cultured cell types, the activity of the PPP was stimulated in a concentration-dependent fashion by exposure to H2O2. In primary mixed and purified astrocytic cultures, PPP activity was stimulated with H2O2 from 2.0 to 22.5 and from 5.9 to 66.7%, respectively. H2O2-induced neuronal injury was evident before saturation of the PPP occurred. H2O2 toxicity was attenuated when neurons were preincubated with the iron chelator, deferoxamine, and did not occur until saturation of the PPP. In vivo measurements of PPP activity in the conscious rat forebrain revealed basal levels of 4.5%, which was stimulated to 16.9 and 35.7% when 1 mM H2O2 and 500 microM phenazine methosulfate were added to the perfusion solution, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗