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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

MMPI differences among black, Mexican-American, and white male offenders.

MMPI scores of black, Mexican-American, and white male offenders were compared in order to investigate whether cultural and/or socioeconomomic factors affect this personality inventory. Comparisons were performed on unmatched and matched (education and occupation) groups that utilized all profiles or valid ones only and examined both trait (individual scales) and type (Goldberg indices) differences. Black-white differences on the MA, K, and HY scales appeared to reflect cultural factors, while differences on MF and alcoholism seemed to be accounted for by socieconomic differences among the groups. Cultural factors seemed to be related to differences between Mexican-Americans and white on the L,K,and overcontrolled hostility scales, while socioeconomic factors appeared to explain differences on the Hs scale. Type differences were not apparent except that Mexican-Americans were classified more often as psychiatric, while whites and blacks scored well into the sociopathic range.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

MMPI behavioral correlates of spike-5 and two-point code types with scale 5 as one elevation.

Data from 550 student outpatient psychiatric files were extracted and summarized on record sheets. Base rates for the entire population were determined. MMPI profiles were grouped according to their highest two-point elevations or by single elevation when only one scale was elevated above T-score 70. All profiles with only a scale-5 elevation or for which scale 5 was one of the two highest clinical elevations were removed from the profile population, and the corresponding correlates for these groups of profiles were compared to those for the remainder of the population. Spike-5 profiles indicate basically normal adjustment, while 2-5/5-2, 4-5/5-4, 7-5/5-7, and 8-5/5-8 profiles all indicate varying degrees of psychopathology.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1977

MMPI profiles from adolescent medical patients.

In order to examine the age changes that occur in adolescent medical patients, MMPI scale scores of 659 females and 534 males, ages 15 through 19 years, were examined. Descriptive data are presented separately by sex, with comparative data provided by other researchers. Age and sex differences were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance. Results suggest that adolescent medical patients differ from other adolescents in much the same way that adult medical patients differ from the general adult population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

MMPI profiles of brain-damaged and schizophrenic subjects.

MMPI mean profiles for matched groups of 50 brain-damaged and 50 schizophrenic Ss from a short-term hospital were compared. The profiles are quite different. F tests demonstrated that the Sc scale best differentiated the two groups at far beyond the .01 level, and scales F, PA and PT also differentiated the two groups beyond the .01 level. A cut-off point of 80 on the SC scale correctly classified 78% of the two groups. Neither the 2-9 nor the 1-3-9 profile occurred a sufficient number of times in either group to be of any help in diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Brain damage and five MMPI items with alcoholic patients.

The validity of Hovey's brain damage MMPI index for male alcoholic inpatients was investigated. With educational level controlled, the scale did not show significant relationships with established tests of cognitive and organic impairment. Significant correlations were found with measures of psychopathology. This suggests that only in populations in which neurological deficit is the main factor in variations in emotional and physical well-being will this type of index be useful to screen patients for brain damage. The results stress the importance of local cross-validation prior to the clinical use of measures such as Hovey's scale.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Differentiation of neurologic and pseudo-neurologic patients with combined MMPI mini-mult and pseudo-neurologic scale.

Patients who were complaining of neurologic symptomagology completed the MMPI Mini-Mult plus the Shaw and Matthews Pseudo-Neurologic Scale to determine whether Pseudo-Neurologic and Neurologic patients could be separated. This was done with statistical significance, but not with clinical utility. There were no significant differences among the mean Mini-Mult profiles for the neurologic subcategory groups. Mean profiles for the Neurologic, Pseudo-Neurologic, and Mixed groups also were not significantly different, but analyses of the individual profiles in the Neurologic and Pseudo-Neurologic groups produced statistical and clinical significance. Presenting complaints of all Ss were investigated to see whether the Scale could predict differentially for patients in each of these groups. Only the complaint of weakness predicted with statistical significance and clinical utility. Attempts to create a new, more effective scale were disappointing despite statistical significance as misclassification decreased clinical utility.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The relation between trait anxiety and the Harris MMPI PD subscales among psychiatric inpatients.

Investigated the relationship between trait anxiety and MMPI PD scores among psychiatric inpatients from a multidimensional standpoint by means of the Harris PD subscales. The trait anxiety scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Harris PD subscales were administered to 24 female and 21 male psychiatric inpatients. Trait anxiety was correlated positively with the basic PD scale in accord with previous findings. However, the Self-Alienation and Social Alienation PD subscales were the only Harris subscales that were correlated significantly with anxiety in the positive direction. The Social Imperturbability PD subscale was related inversely to trait anxiety. The findings were discussed primarily in terms of the potential benefit of employing the Harris subscales in studies of psychopathy and in clinical settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

An MMPI sign to separate organic from functional psychiatric patients.

Evaluated the utilities of all 90 possible unweighted additive/subtractive two-scale MMPI combinations as indices to separate brain-damaged from functional patient groups in a Veterans Administration psychiatric hospital. One index, Hs-PT, showed more promise than any of the other 89. Hs-PT mean scores were significantly higher among organics than among alcoholics, neurotics, affective psychoses, character disorders, process schizophrenics or reactive schizophrenics. Interpretative information on the Hs-PT index was presented.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1979

Longitudinal post-validation of the MMPI Escape (EC) and Prison Adjustment (AP) scales.

Conducted a longitudinal 3-year post-validation study of the MMPI Escape (Ec) and Prison Adjustment (Ap) scale score of 301 male felon inmates convicted of major type crimes and serving sentences of 5 years or more within the North Carolina Correctional System. Examination of the escape and infraction records of these inmates in relationship to their Ec and Ap scale scores demonstrated that the two scales were still effective classification instruments in predicting escape from within prison units that provided inner and perimeter security and in predicting the committing of major rule infractions irrespective of the degree of custodial control. Caution was expressed concerning the use of the Ec and Ap scale scores without supportive date from their classification procedures.

Criminal Psychology↗
PubMed1979

The personality of alcoholic middle-class women: a comparative study with the MMPI.

Alcoholic personality patterns have been derived largely from studies of institutionalized lower-class males. To determine whether similar patterns prevail among other alcoholic populations, 30 middle-class, white, married women who were undergoing treatment for alcoholism in a private clinic were compared with 30 nonalcoholic women of similar background, referred for various personality problems. Mean MMPI scores of both groups fell between 40 and 60, and the profiles showed an overall similarity. Alcoholism women scored significantly higher on F, PD and SC, but not on D. Both groups scored lowest on MF. The results show that data derived from institutionalized alcoholics of lower socioeconomic background have only limited applicability to this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Relationship of scores on the Escapism Scale of the MMPI to escape from minimum security federal custody.

Investigated the ability of the Escapism (Ec) scale of the MMPI to differentiate between escape and non-escape minimum security federal prisoners. At the .05 level there was no difference between the scores of the two groups on the Ec scale or on comparisons of other correctional data, age, and ethnic composition. It appears that the Ec scale alone or in combination with other data will be a poor predictor of escape. Also, the rate of escape was so low as to make accurate prediction from any criteria extremely unlikely.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Correlates of broad MMPI categories.

Investigated behavioral correlates of MMPI profiles of 363 male psychiatric Ss, classified by the Goldberg system and by two systems based on Welsh's factor scales A and R. For each profile category, frequency of occurrence for 81 behavioral descriptors from an adjective check-list was compared with frequency in the remaining categories. Two of the systems were compared with classification by code-type. Categories were not differentiated strongly on the basis of behavioral descriptors, although some trends were indicated. This study supports the position that interpretive systems that provide relatively few classification alternatives are of limited value in the interpretation of individual profiles. The results are discussed in terms of category heterogeneity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of MMPI two-point codes in four alcoholism treatment facilities.

Compared the frequency of two-point MMPI codes in four different alcoholism treatment facilities. Even though some differences were noted in terms of the different code types, the comparisons were more indicative of the similarity between treatment facilities. The 2-4/4-2 code type occurred most frequently in all of the treatment settings, yet it accounted for only 12--21% of the profiles in any facility. The implication of these findings for describing the "alcoholic" personality and for individualized treatment planning was discussed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1980

The relative predictive validity of subtle vs. obvious items on the MMPI Depression scale.

To assess the relative predictive validity of subtle and obvious items on the MMPI Depression scale, obvious, neutral, and subtle subscales were formed and used to predict several criterion measures of depression; these included the Beck Depression Inventory, the Depression subscale of the Profile of Mood States, and the Pleasant Events Schedule (N = 209). In general, obvious items were good predictors of all criteria, neutral items overlapped considerably with obvious items, and subtle items generally did not contribute uniquely to the prediction of any of the concurrent measures of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Empirical descriptors of unelevated MMPI profiles among chronic pain patients: a typological approach.

The task of the clinician in evaluating the possible role of psychological factors in patients' pain disability is a most difficult one. This task becomes even more arduous when confronted with unelevated MMPI profiles from patients in whom physical findings are minimal or absent. The current study employs a multivariate, quantitative taxonomic procedure to delineate homogeneous subgroupings of chronic pain patients who meet this criterion. Subsequent analysis of base rate data for subgroups across a broad range of pain-related variables provide an actuarial basis of assessment of psychological factors within this population. Results indicate that of five subtypes identified, only one group of patients, who comprise 9% of the total sample, are likely to be free of significant psychological components in their pain behavior. Implications for clinical interpretation and future research are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

A comparative analysis of primary anorexics and schizophrenics on the MMPI.

Although only a very small number of studies have described personality testing in primary anorexia nervosa (patients), they seem to suggest a deeper personality disturbance than commonly suggested by psychiatric interview. These results represent an attempt to define the contribution of psychological test data to differential diagnosis and personality organization in primary anorexia nervosa. Fourteen female schizophrenic and 14 female anorexic patients were compared on the MMPI. No significant differences were found on any of the validity or clinical scales. A product-moment correlation between the two profiles, obtained via a measure of distance between profiles, revealed remarkable similarities in their overall profiles (D2 = .83). The Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia, Paranoia and Schizophrenia scales occupied the first five rankings for both groups (although in a different order) and were elevated over a T-score of 70 (for the anorexics, the Psychopathic Deviate scale score approached 70). The results are consistent with the few studies that utilized psychodiagnostic tests with anorexics and that point to extremely poor personality integration and to a more serious disorder than a neurotic disturbance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Use of the MMPI in predicting psychotherapeutic persistence in groups of male and female outpatients.

Attempted to predict therapeutic persistence, as measured by the total number of sessions attended, with the MMPI. High persisters were defined as patients who attended six or more sessions, while low persisters were patients who attended fewer than six sessions. Ss were 360 (180 high persisting, 180 low persisting) female outpatients and 204 (102 high persisting, 102 low persisting) male outpatients. All groups were divided into equal halves in order to allow for cross-validation of three separate discriminant functions: One for males, one for females, and one for the entire sample (male + female). Cross-validation revealed that only the discriminant function for males achieved a classification accuracy (60%) greater than chance expectations. A series of biserial correlations indicated that male persisters tended to be less defensive while experiencing greater distress and that female persisters tended to be more introverted and less impulsive relative to their respective low-persisting counterparts.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1982

The relationship between the Overcontrolled-Hostility Scale and the MMPI 4--3 high-point pair.

Investigated the relationship between the MMPI 4--3 high-point pair and the Overcontrolled-Hostility (O-H) scale in three different populations. Ss were assigned to the 4--3 condition based on the following two criteria: (1) Scales 3 (HY) and 4 (PD) greater than or equal to T-score of 65; (2) Scale 4 (PD) greater than Scale 3 (HY) greater than or equal to all other clinical scales. In the prison sample (N = 200), inmates who achieved the 4--3 high-point pair were found to earn significantly higher scores on the O-H scale relative to a group of age-matched controls. These results were cross-validated successfully in a sample of psychology clinic outpatients (N = 500), where patients were matched on both age and sex. A similar relationship was found between the presence of a 4-3 high-point pair and higher scores on the O-H scale in a state hospital (N = 102) sample, although the results did not reach statistical significance because of the restricted sample size.

Adult↗