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[Case report: Hypertrophic osteopathy in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)].

This report describes a case of hypertrophic osteopathy in an approximately three years old male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). The hunter reported that the animal was apparently healthy and showed no signs of movement imparities. At dissection, a combination of a lung abscess with bony swellings at the distal parts of the limbs was observed. Further investigation revealed that the bony swellings were caused by a severe periosteal hyperosteosis at the diaphyses of the digital phalanges, metacarpal and metatarsal bones. The periosteal new bone was characterized by the formation of coralliform osteophytes, typically seen in cases of hypertrophic osteopathy. As usual in animals with hypertrophic osteopathy, the pathological changes in this roe deer developed secondary to a intrathoracic lesion (lung abscess).

Animals↗

Ultrasonography of chest diseases: analysis of 154 cases.

Sonographic characteristics of various chest diseases in 154 cases were analysed according to margin of the lesion, internal echogenecity, posterior echo enhancement, air bronchogram etc. We intended to present the basic sonographic patterns of common chest diseases. The study included 10 normal cases, 10 cases with lung abscesses, 31 cases of pneumonia, 24 cases of tumors, 11 cases of obstructive atelectasis, 8 cases of pleuropericarcadial effusions, 10 cases of minimal effusions, 6 cases with pleural thickening, 32 cases of massive pleural effusion with simple compression atelectasis and 12 cases of pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion. Sonographically, normal lung showed hyperechoic zone beneath the chest wall. Identification of arc or ring-shaped wall favored lung abscess. Air bronchogram could only be found in pneumonia. Mass showed various internal echogenecity. The internal echogenecity in obstructive atelectasis was very homogeneous which could not be found in tumor. Pleural thickening showed linear hyperechogenecity beneath the chest wall. In minimal effusion, the line of the diaphragm could be easily identified. Pleuropericardial effusion could be easily diagnosed by chest sonography. The line of the pericarcadium could be clearly identified. The internal echogenecity of massive effusion were various. The internal echogenecity of simple compression atelectasis showed very homogeneous hyperdense internal echogenecity. The internal echogenecity of lung parenchyma in pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion was similar to that of pneumonia. Obstructive atelectasis, mass, consolidation and encapsulated effusion could be differentiated by chest sonography without much difficulty. Sonography could aid chest radiography by giving more morphologic information and was cheaper than computed tomography.

Adult↗

Complications of nosocomial pneumonia in the surgical patient.

Nosocomial pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the surgical and trauma patient. Inadequate treatment can lead to the complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), empyema, and lung abscess. The prevention and treatment of these complications revolve around several key principles. Complete treatment of pneumonia requires appropriate antimicrobial therapy, as well as mechanical pulmonary hygiene and proper airway management. Despite advances in treatment of pneumonia, complications arise necessitating treatment. This article reviews the treatment of ARDS, empyema, and lung abscesses. In particular, the many options for treatment of empyema are discussed in detail. Additionally, the treatment of pulmonary contusion and hemopneumothorax in the trauma patient is discussed. The understanding of sound treatment principles in the critically ill postsurgical patient helps prevent complicated or recurrent pneumonia and allows the surgeon to intervene effectively when such complications occur.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗