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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Physical activities: teaming up patients and programs.

Physical activities programs are suggested for the average deconditioned individual over 35 years of age. They involve noncontact, noncompetitive aerobic activities which require minimal expense. Their purpose is to delay to some degree the progression of the degenerative diseases associated with aging and inactivity. The best activities are walking, running, bicycling, or other exercise in which a sustained cardiac rate of 70% of the individual's work capacity is achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Exercise therapy for anxiety and depression. 1. Does the evidence justify its recommendation?

Despite the ever-increasing importance placed on exercise in our society today, obtaining sufficient evidence to document its therapeutic role in anxiety and depression has proven to be a formidable task for researchers. A number of studies now provide evidence to justify the recommendation of moderate exercise to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression and to improve overall emotional well-being. For anxious or depressed patients, exercise produces a sense of mastery and control, and the positive effects of being successful in an exercise program spill over into other realms of their life.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Long slow distance training in novice marathoners.

The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological and performance effects of two frequencies and volumes of long slow distance (LSD) training in novice male and female marathoners. Subjects (N = 51) were healthy college students who had not previously run a marathon. They were matched on peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) into a 6 d.wk-1 (G6) or a 4 d.wk-1 (G4) training group. Both groups trained at 60% to 75% of the heart rate reserve for 15 weeks but G4 trained with 20% less total volume. All groups responded similarly to the training by decreasing percent body fat and maximum heart rate and by increasing fat free mass and VO2peak. All groups significantly decreased the oxygen (O2) cost, lactate level, and heart rate at a submaximal running speed. Within the same gender, performance in the marathon was not different between groups. It was concluded that both training programs prepared subjects equally well to run a marathon.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Relationship of menopausal status and exercise level to HDL-cholesterol in women.

The relationship between exercise habits, menopausal status and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) was studied in 44 long-distance runners, 47 joggers, and 45 relatively inactive females. In each group, some women were post-menopausal (Post-M) and some pre-menopausal (Pre-M). HDL-C level was higher in runners (77.6 mg/dl) and joggers (70.4 mg/dl) than in the inactive group (62.1 mg/dl), but was not different Pre-M vs Post-M. Total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C were higher in Post-M than in Pre-M subjects, but did not differ among exercise groups. Body weight and % fat were lower in Pre-M vs Post-M groups and were lower in the runners vs inactive subjects. The HDL-C/TC ratio was higher in the runners vs inactive subjects and there was a significant exercise-menopausal interaction indicating a beneficial exercise effect. Adjustment of lipoprotein values for possible confounding variables did not alter these results. Endurance exercise by Post-M females may help prevent adverse lipid and lipoprotein changes which might predispose them to coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant potential following a 3 h run.

Concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase during exercise secondary to increased oxygen uptake, xanthine oxidase activity, and immune system activation. Carbohydrate compared to placebo beverage ingestion is associated with an attenuated cortisol and catecholamine response. Catecholamines can undergo autooxidation to form ROS. We hypothesized that during intense exercise, ingestion of carbohydrate compared to placebo would diminish oxidative stress. Sixteen experienced marathoners ran on treadmills for 3 h at approximately 70% VO2(max) on two occasions while receiving carbohydrate or placebo beverages (11/h, double-blinded) in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80 degrees C until analysis. Plasma samples were analyzed for F2-isoprostanes (FIP) and lipid hydroperoxides (ROOH) as measures for lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of plasma antioxidant potential and for cortisol. The pattern of change in cortisol was significantly different between carbohydrate and placebo conditions (P = 0.024), with post-exercise levels higher in the placebo condition. Under both carbohydrate and placebo conditions, significant increases in FIP, ROOH, and FRAP were measured, but the pattern of increase was not different (FIP, interaction effect, P = 0.472; ROOH, P = 0.572; FRAP, P = 0.668). Despite an attenuation in the cortisol response, carbohydrate compared to placebo ingestion does not counter the increase in oxidative stress or modulate plasma antioxidant potential in athletes running 3 h at 70% VO2(max).

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Perinatal immunomodulation.

The fetus and the neonate are particularly vulnerable to injury caused directly by immunologic mechanisms or inflicted by infectious agents that take advantage of their relatively immature and inexperienced immune system. With increasing survival of high-risk neonates in the surfactant era, prevention/treatment of sepsis and chronic lung disease (CLD) has emerged as an area of priority in neonatal research. Considering the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of sepsis and CLD, the clinical application of immunomodulator therapy to neonatology is perhaps more important at present than ever. Advances in molecular biology and immunology have led to development of newer immune modulator therapies that are directed towards specific cells or cytokines rather than resulting in a general suppression of the immune response. Failure of promising, newer immunomodulator therapies in sepsis trials in adults has, however, clearly documented the difficulties in diagnosing/correcting the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. As in the case of sepsis, development of a single magic bullet for prevention/management of a multi-factorial illness like CLD may be difficult, as prevention of prematurity - the single most important high-risk factor for CLD - is an unachievable goal at present. As new frontiers are being explored, older, well-established therapies like antenatal anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis continue to emphasize the tremendous potential of immunomodulator therapy in neonatology/perinatology. The current immunomodulators/immunotherapeutic agents with established/potential clinical applications in the perinatal period are reviewed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1978

Replication of age and physical activity effects on reaction and movement time.

The latency and consistency of simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and movement time of older men who chronically run or participate in racket sports were compared to those of nonactive men of similar age and also to young men of similar characteristics (young runners, young racketsportsmen, and young nonactive men). The findings of Spirduso's (1975) study, of which this investigation was both a replication and an expansion, that older active men physically reacted to stimuli and moved their forearm over a 20 cm distance as quickly as young sedentary men was reported. The older active men were far superior to older sedentary men in all measures. In addition, the older active group was similar to the groups in terms of group homogeneity and within-subject variability, unlike the older nonactive group, who revealed the commonly reported group heterogeneity and within-subject inconsistency.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Approach to patients with ventricular ectopy.

Ventricular ectopy (VE) in the absence of organic heart disease is most often a benign condition that requires no treatment. Diagnostic evaluation should be aimed at assessing the frequency and complexity of VE, correlating symptoms to ventricular arrhythmias, and uncovering underlying heart disease when it is present. Ambulatory Holter monitoring is more sensitive than exercise stress testing for detecting VE, but the two procedures are complementary. The decision to treat should be based on the situation in which VE occurs, tempered by the knowledge that antiarrhythmic agents are associated with significant side effects with long-term use and that they may paradoxically aggravate the underlying arrhythmia in some patients. Partial suppression of VE and maintenance of therapeutic serum drug levels is a more appropriate goal of treatment than total PVC suppression.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Physical activity patterns among adults in Georgia: results from the 1990 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Regular physical activity increases a person's ability to perform daily activities more efficiently, reduces the risk of specific chronic diseases, including coronary artery disease, and lowers death rates in general. The Healthy People 2000 Physical Activity and Fitness Objectives underscored the importance of monitoring and tracking the prevalence of physical activity and fitness in the United States population for the purpose of planning, implementing, and evaluating efforts to improve the public's physical activity habits. This report examines the prevalence of self-reported leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among southeastern adults aged 18 years and older living in the state of Georgia. Using data from the 1990 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys from Georgia, we describe the LTPA patterns of Georgia adults aged 18 years and older. A total of 1,723 adults were interviewed during 1990. Results show the following: women are less active than men, blacks are less active than whites, persons of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are less active than those of higher SES, and older adults are less active than younger adults. These results suggest that a more concerted effort needs to be made in promoting physical activity for women, persons of lower SES, and older adults.

Adolescent↗