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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Antitumor effect of a new antibiotic, neothramycin.

A new anthramycin-group antitumor antibiotic, neothramycin, isolated from a Streptomyces culture, showed activity against experimental tumors such as lymphocytic leukemia P388 ascites sarcoma-180, hepatoma AH130, Walker carcinosarcoma-256 and mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (CCMT). In particular, the tumor growth inhibition ratio was as high as 96% when neothramycin was injected intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg into Wistar strain rats previously inoculated with Walker carcinosarcoma-256 by the subcutaneous route. Successive intraperitoneal injections of the compound were more effective than a single injection with the P388 system.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[The inhibitory effect of intraperitoneal hyperthermic and hypotonic chemotherapy on ascites cancer cells in mice].

To study the effect of inhibition of intraperitoneal hyperthermic hypotonic chemotherapy on the ascites cacer cells, LACA mice were given intraperitoneal injection of H22 cancer cells (2 x 10(7) tumor cell, each mouse). At 24 hours after the cancer injection, intraperitoneal simple hyperthermic (43 C) hypotonic fluid group (I), isotonic fluid group (II), cis-Diamminodichloroplatinum (DDP) group (IV) and hyperthermic hypotonic fluid perfusion combined with DDP group (V) were processed. The results showed that cancer cells in LACA mice peritoneal cavity were seriously damaged, the ascites growing was obviously inhibited, and the survival days of LACA mice were prolonged in all groups; however, the intraperitoneal hyperthermic hypotonic fluid perfusion with DDP group (V) presented greater effect compared with the other groups. This might be a new therapeutic procedure for the prevention and treatment of cancer ascites in the patients with digestive tract malignancies.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Low-protein diet attenuates increased gene expression of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta in experimental glomerular sclerosis.

The present study was designed to assess whether platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and -B chain and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA expression in glomeruli are affected by a low-protein (6%) diet during the course of focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS). Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the right kidney was removed on day 22. The nephrotic rats received successive intraperitoneal injections of PAN on days 27, 34, and 41. Control rats were subjected to a sham operation on day 22. The PAN-injected rats were divided into two groups. Group 1 rats were fed a standard diet containing 22% protein, whereas group 2 rats were fed a low-protein diet containing 6% protein, starting on the same day as the first PAN injection. Rats were killed on days 0, 48, 60, and 80 after the initial PAN injection. The percentage of sclerotic glomeruli in group 1 rats increased markedly with time, reaching 73% on day 80. The PDGF-A and -B chain and TGF-beta mRNA levels increased significantly as glomerulosclerosis progressed. A positive correlation was noted between the PDGF and TGF-beta mRNA levels and the incidence of glomerular sclerosis. The low-protein diet reduced the prevalence of glomerular sclerosis (10% on day 80) and attenuated the abnormally high expression of PDGF-A and -B chain and TGF-beta genes in FGS glomeruli. These findings suggest that PDGF and TGF contribute to glomerulosclerosis and that a low-protein diet attenuates markedly the increased glomerular expression of the PDGF and TGF-beta genes in glomerular sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Differential expression of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 by peritoneal macrophages in vivo and in culture.

To investigate the differences in cytokine regulation in vitro as compared to in vivo, we examined the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by peritoneal macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice (CBA/J) were primed with an intraperitoneal injection of complete Freund's adjuvant and after 2 weeks, peritoneal cells were harvested for culture or mice were injected intraperitoneally with LPS for in vivo studies. In ascites fluid, TNF-alpha peaked 1 hour after LPS and returned to baseline levels by 4 hours. In contrast, TNF-alpha in the media reached maximum at 7 hours. Expression of TNF-alpha messenger (m)RNA in vivo was rapid but transient, as levels peaked at 15 minutes and returned to baseline 1 hour after LPS. In contrast, TNF-alpha mRNA in vitro became maximal at 1 hour, but remained elevated to 5 hours after LPS. In vivo, IL-6 in ascites fluid peaked at 2 hours, whereas in vitro, IL-6 continued increasing to 24 hours. In vivo, IL-6 mRNA reached maximum at 30 minutes, but fell below baseline by 1.5 hours after LPS. In contrast, IL-6 mRNA in vitro was sustained at maximal expression between 5 to 9 hours after LPS. These results demonstrate that both TNF-alpha and IL-6 synthesis is more rapid in vivo than in vitro. The rapid kinetics of cytokine expression in vivo must considered when designing strategies to inhibit cytokine action in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Stimulation of humoral immunity to surface antigens of leukemia cells using interferon-containing sera].

C57BL/6 mice were immunized once with leukemic cells L 1210; (CBAXC57BL/6) F1 mice were immunized once with leukemic cells L 1210 and P-388. These animals were injected intraperitoneally for 8 days (including the day of immunization) with 0.4 ml each of allogeneic or syngeneic interferon-containing serum; as to control animals, they received the same amount of normal serum from the intact mice. The interferon-containing serum was obtained from the (CBAXC57BL/6) F1 mice 24 hours after the intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg of tilorone hydrochloride. Some of the samples of the interferon-containing serum were subjected to the 48-hour dialysis against the physiological saline. The interferon titer in the serum was 512-1500 units/ml. The sera from mice were tested in the microcytotoxic test against leukemic cells 9-10 days after the immunization. A distinct stimulation of the cytotoxic activity of the sera from mice given the interferon-containing serum was observed. Syngeneic interferon-containing serum caused a more marked immunity-stimulating effect than allogeneic serum.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Hypoglycemic effects of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium administered by different routes upon diabetic rats].

OBJECTIVE: To study the hypoglycemic effects of bis(maltolato) oxovanadium (IV) (BMOV) after administration on diabetic rats by different routines, and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Diabetic rats were created by intraperitoneal administration of Alloxan. BMOV was administered by single intraperitoneal injection, oral gavage, subcutaneous injection, bolus intravenous injection, or slow bolus intravenous injection(7-8 min). Plasma glucose levels were determined with blood glucose assay kits using the glucose oxidase method, while the plasma insulin concentrations were monitored by the insulin assay kits using Radioimmunoasssay (RIA) method. RESULTS: Plasma glucose levels were significantly decreased after administration of BMOV by all routes except intravenous injection. Food and fluid intake by the diabetic rats were also reduced. There was no significant increase in plasma insulin concentration. CONCLUSION: BMOV administered by oral gavage, subcutaneous injection and intraperitoneal injection has obvious effect of decreasing plasma glucose levels on diabetic rats, and the hypoglycemic effect of BMOV was not achieved by increasing the plasma insulin concentration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Colonic healing after early intraperitoneal administration of 5-fluorouracil and interferon in rats.

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether the intraperitoneal perioperative injection of 5-flurouracil (5-FU)--with or without the addition of interferon (INT)--influences colonic healing. We used 57 male Wistar rats which were subjected to anastomosis of the colon. Intraoperatively, the rats were randomised into one of three groups. The rats in the control group (group 1, n = 15) received a 0.9% NaCl solution; the rats in group 2 (n = 21), 5-FU (20 mg/Kg/day), and those in group 3 (n = 21), 5-FU (20 mg/Kg/day) plus INT (45,000 IU/Kg/day). These drugs were injected intraperitoneally during the operation and once daily for the next two days. The rats were sacrificed on post-operative days 3, 5 or 8. The rupture rate of the anastomoses was statistically significantly higher in groups 2 and 3, compared with the control group (P < 0.05); no differences were observed between groups 2 and 3. Abscess and adhesion formation were more marked in groups 2 and 3 than in the control group; however no differences were recorded between groups 2 and 3. The anastomotic bursting pressure was statistically significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 compared to the control group (P < 0.05), on post-operative days 5 and 8; however, no differences were measured between groups 2 and 3. Histologic evaluation also showed a more profound inflammatory response in groups 2 and 3, compared with group 1. In conclusion, the intraperitoneal, intraoperative administration of 5-FU hinders colonic healing in rats. The additional intraperitoneal injection of interferon does not seem to aggravate this adverse effect.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

Effect of intravenous versus intraperitoneal glucose injection on systemic hemodynamics and blood flow rate in normal and tumor tissues in rats.

The effect of i.v. versus i.p. glucose injections on blood flow rate of Walker 256 carcinoma and several normal tissues of unanesthetized, unrestrained female Sprague-Dawley rats was measured, using the radioactive microsphere technique prior to and 60 min after glucose administration (6 g/kg, i.v. or i.p.). Changes in systemic hemodynamics were also investigated in an attempt to further quantify the mechanisms responsible for tumor blood flow reduction. Most of the normal tissues showed either no modification or a decrease in the blood flow rate following i.v. or i.p. glucose injections. The response was more pronounced following i.p. injection. Most of the tissues studied also exhibited significant modification in cardiac output distribution. A decrease in blood flow rate and cardiac output distribution was also observed in the tumors following i.v. or i.p. injections. However, as observed in the normal tissues, the response was more pronounced following i.p. injection. Mechanisms for blood flow reduction include systemic effects such as reduction and redistribution of cardiac output. An additional systemic mechanism following i.p. injection includes hypovolemic hemoconcentration which was evident by an increase in blood hematocrit. In rats, unlike observations in mice, the change in hematocrit following i.p. injection is not as large and cannot account for the total blood flow reduction. Local mechanisms include an increase in red blood cell rigidity due to glucose itself and tissue acidosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and amphetamine on hypothermia produced by halothane.

1. In cats, the effects of tranylcypromine and pheniprazine, two monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors with strong amphetamine-like actions, of pargyline, an inhibitor without amphetamine-like actions, and of amphetamine itself, were examined on the hypothermia produced by a 2 hr period of halothane inhalation.2. The hypothermia was prevented by intraperitoneal injections of the three MAO inhibitors. Tranylcypromine and pheniprazine acted in doses of a few milligrams, pargyline in doses of over 100 mg.3. The hypothermia was prevented by injections into the cerebral ventricles of tranylcypromine and pheniprazine, in doses which were effective also on intraperitoneal injection; intraperitoneal injections were sometimes more effective. The large doses of pargyline needed to prevent the hypothermia when injected intraperitoneally were not tested by the intraventricular route, as the injections had to be made in a volume of 0.1 ml. In smaller doses intraventricular pargyline was not effective.4. The hypothermia was prevented by an intraperitoneal or intraventricular injection of amphetamine in a dose as little as 1 mg; intraperitoneal injections were sometimes more effective.5. The effects of tranylcypromine and pargyline given intraperitoneally, and of amphetamine given intraventricularly as well, were also examined on the hypothermia produced by an intraventricular injection of 200 mug noradrenaline. The two MAO inhibitors and amphetamine prevented the hypothermia, or greatly reduced it.6. It is concluded (a) that even on intraventricular injection the MAO inhibitors must first be absorbed into the blood stream before they can prevent the hypothermia of a halothane anaesthesia; (b) that their action may not be solely on the anterior hypothalamus; and (c) that they may not act only through MAO inhibition.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1950

Determination of differences in virulence of strains of Salmonella typhosa; a comparison of methods.

An investigation is reported of a comparison by three methods of the degree and certainty of differentiation of strains of S. typhosa of different virulence for mice. These methods were (a) intracerebral injection, (b) intraperitoneal injection of saline suspensions, and (c) intraperitoneal injection of mucin suspensions of the test organisms. With the strains of S. typhosa employed, differentiation was questionable by the intracerebral method, somewhat more marked by the intraperitoneal-saline suspension method, and most definite by the intraperitoneal-mucin suspension method. Differentiation of the strains employed was found to be independent of the presence or absence of Vi antigen and apparently was more dependent upon the method of testing than upon any known differences in biological characteristics of the organisms.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Prolactin acts centrally to enhance newt courtship behavior.

The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intraperitoneal (IP) injections of ovine prolactin (PRL), antiserum against newt PRL, and antibody against the newt PRL receptor on the expression of courtship behavior of male newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster, were studied to see whether PRL acts centrally or peripherally to induce the behavior. Injections of PRL by either route into gonadotropin-primed males enhanced the expression of the behavior dose-dependently. The minimum effective amount of ovine PRL administered intracerebroventricularly was 0.1 microg, whereas it was 100 microg when injected intraperitoneally. ICV injection of antiserum against newt PRL blocked the spontaneously occurring male courtship behavior when the anti-newt PRL serum was given either intracerebroventricularly or intraperitoneally. The minimum effective dose of the antiserum administered intracerebroventricularly was 0.05 microl, whereas it was 20 microl when injected intraperitoneally. Neither ICV nor IP injection of preimmune serum affected the expression of the behavior. Furthermore, ICV, but not IP, administration of 0.3 microg of anti-newt PRL receptor antibody, purified from antiserum against newt PRL receptor by use of an antigen-conjugated affinity column, blocked the spontaneously occurring courtship behavior in sexually developed males. Neither ICV nor IP injection of the same amount of normal rabbit IgG affected the expression of the behavior. The results strongly suggest that endogenous PRL enhances the behavior by acting centrally through the PRL receptors localized in the brain area.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

THE USE OF CHANGES IN CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY IN MICE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN NARCOTIC AND NONNARCOTIC ALALGESICS.

An extension of the "squirming test" is described which makes the method specific for nonnarcotic analgesics. The intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid causes squirming and an increase in capillary permeability that is measured by direct estimation of plasma-bound dye (Pontamine Sky Blue) which has leaked into the peritoneal cavity. Nonnarcotic analgesics inhibit squirming and leakage of dye. Values for the oral ED50s for both effects are given for a number of typical compounds. Narcotic analgesics, in doses that produce analgesia, inhibit squirming but do not significantly affect leakage of dye. Drugs that stimulate the central nervous system and also inhibit squirming have no significant effect on leakage of dye over the range of doses which inhibit squirming. Corticosteroids do not significantly inhibit either squirming or leakage of dye.

Acetates↗
PubMed1965

CIRCULATING DNA AS A POSSIBLE FACTOR IN ONCOGENESIS.

Infectious DNA from the tumor-inducing polyoma virus and pneumococcal-transforming DNA can be recovered from the blood of mice in biologically active form after intraperitoneal injection. Polyoma DNA appeared to undergo less inactivation than did transforming DNA. In light of these observations, the metastatic spread of cancer may possibly be favored by circulation of tumorigenic DNA in the blood stream.

Administration, Intravenous↗
PubMed2003

Importance of the vagus nerve for fever and neutrophil migration induced by intraperitoneal LPS injection.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the importance of the vagus nerve in fever, neutrophil migration and neutrophilia simultaneously induced by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and in terms of the production of pre-formed pyrogenic factor (PFPF) and of the fever induced by this factor. METHODS: Naïve, sham-operated or subdiaphragmatically vagotomized male Wistar rats received either LPS (i.p. or i.pl.) or PFPF (i.v., i.c.v., i.p.). The number of neutrophils was evaluated in peritoneal or pleural fluid and in blood. Fever was monitored using a rectal probe. RESULTS: In naïve animals, LPS (0.02-200 microg kg(-1), i.p.) induced dose-related neutrophilia and fever while on neutrophil migration it resulted in a bell-shaped curve. Vagotomy reduced the peritoneal resident cell population (56%), fever (71%) and neutrophil migration (43%) but not the neutrophilia or neutrophil migration to the pleural cavity. Vagotomy did not affect the PFPF production or PFPF-induced fever. CONCLUSIONS: Vagus nerve integrity is important not only for fever but also for the neutrophil influx to the peritoneal cavity by controlling the number of resident cells in this cavity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Interleukin 10 prevents necrosis in murine experimental acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inflammatory events are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) recently emerged as a major anti-inflammatory cytokine, inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes and/or macrophages. The potential protective role of IL-10 in a model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in mice was tested. METHODS: Animals received two intraperitoneal injections of either 1000 U recombinant IL-10 or control supernatant before and during induction of acute pancreatitis with repeated cerulein injections (seven intraperitoneal injections of 50 micrograms/kg at hourly intervals). RESULTS: Systemic amylase and lipase release peaked 9 hours after the first cerulein injection. This peak was significantly reduced by IL-10 treatment. Histologically, edema and inflammation of the pancreas were observed in both groups, whereas necrosis was dramatically reduced in IL-10-treated animals. Serum tumor necrosis factor levels were undetectable in this model; reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of resected pancreatic tissues performed at the time of maximal morphological alterations showed a dramatically decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha messenger RNA after IL-10 treatment compared with control pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: IL-10 is able to decrease the severity of experimental acute pancreatitis, mainly by inhibiting the development of acinar necrosis. Inhibition of local tumor necrosis factor alpha might explain, at least in part, the protective effect of IL-10.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

The effect of isoprenaline and propranolol on rat myocardial ornithine decarboxylase.

The intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline in rats caused an increase in myocardial ornithine decarboxylase activity which reached a maximum of about four times the control value one hour after the injection. The intraperitoneal injection of dl-propranolol had no effect on myocardial ornithine decarboxylase activity. The injection of dl-propranolol 30 min before the injection of isoprenaline almost completely prevented the effect of isoprenaline.

Animals↗