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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Influence of vulvar hygiene on cytology of vaginal smears after sham artificial insemination in sows.

The description of vaginal cytology in the sow in relation to artificial insemination (AI) has never been reported. Poor vulvar hygiene is frequently imputed as a cause for the development of endometritis after AI and could thus enhance the inflammatory response of the genital tract. The goal of this study was to use cytology as an objective tool to evaluate the vulvar hygiene during sham AI. Sixty-eight sows were matched according to their parity and week of mating and divided into 2 groups: treatment sows (CVS) had their vulva cleaned with a 1:2000 Hibitane solution and control sows (SVS) had theirs soiled with feces. Both groups of sows were inseminated twice with saline following this vulvar treatment, once at detection of estrus and a 2nd time 24 hours later. Vestibular smears were taken before each AI, and vaginal smears were taken after each AI from the material present on the insemination spirette. Cytological smears were described by the predominant type of cells, namely epithelial, neutrophil, or no predominance. Results showed no significant differences between the 2 groups and no evolution in the predominance of neutrophils from the 1st to the 2nd AI (P > 0.05). The pooled results from the 2 groups showed an increase in cellularity from the 1st to the 2nd AI (P > 0.05). Neither the cellularity nor predominant cell type in vestibular or vaginal smears from estrus sows are predictors of vulvar hygiene during sham AI (P > 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Sperm preparation and in utero insemination in the management of subfertility.

OBJECTIVE: To study the place of sperm preparation and in utero insemination in subfertile couples in whom ovulatory and tubal aetiological factors have been excluded or treated. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Diagnostic Seminology Laboratory, Galle. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients (n = 325) who had in utero insemination (IUI) from September 1990 to June 1994 were studied retrospectively. All had stimulation of ovaries with clomiphene and the Insler score was used to confirm ovulation before IUI. Swim up, spin down and glass wool filtration techniques, and the Earl's balanced salt solution with human serum albumin were used for sperm preparation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association between variables. RESULTS: Of the subjects 97(30%) had male factor, 79(24%) abnormal sperm-cervical mucous interaction and 41(13%) idiopathic subfertility. In 114(35%) the cause was not documented. The number of IUI attempts per subject ranged from 1 to 19 with a mean of 4.2 and SD 3.2. There were no significant difference in conception rates in relation to the different methods of sperm preparation or the underlying aetiological factor. CONCLUSION: Sperm preparation and in utero insemination are feasible in Galle and should be considered as an option in the treatment of subfertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Improved sperm recovery rate with Percoll gradient method in intrauterine insemination.

The purpose of this study was to compare the different sperm manipulation methods on the recovery rate of motile sperm that was collected to use in the intrauterine insemination. Three hundred and thirty-five IUI (intrauterine insemination) cycle from a total of 963 treatment cycles was performed for non-peritoneal factor infertility couples. The sperm separation methods were swim-up, swim-down and Percoll gradient (since Mar. 1992). We compared the different sperm preparation methods in normal and abnormal semen analysis group. Our results show that in the abnormal semen samples (oligospermic approximately, asthenospermic approximately), the Percoll gradient method is superior to the swim-up and swim-down methods on the recovery of a higher number of total, motile and active motile spermatozoa (p < 0.05), even though the sperm quality before preparation was rather poorer than the samples prepared by the other two methods. The pregnancy rate in both groups are not statistically significant. We conclude that the Percoll gradient is an improved method for semen manipulation as it allows greater recovery of sperm with higher motility in intrauterine insemination.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pregnancies from subzonal insemination of unfertilized oocytes after conventional IVF.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of subzonal insemination (SUZI) as applied to unfertilized oocytes after initial insemination. METHODS: Unfertilized oocytes at metaphase II obtained after conventional IVF from 14 patients were selected for reinsemination by SUZI. The fertilization rate and pregnancy outcome were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 57 unfertilized oocytes at metaphase II, 10 (17.5%) became fertilized after SUZI. Eight of the 10 (80%) oocytes showed normal fertilization with two pronuclei while the other two (20%) oocytes were polyspermic. Five (35.7%) of the 14 patients had embryo transfer resulting in two (14.3%) pregnancies. One patient had a spontaneous abortion and the other had a live birth at term. CONCLUSION: Reinsemination of unfertilized oocytes by SUZI could be of value when fertilization fails after initial insemination.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1998

[Intrauterine insemination with the husband's sperm: conclusions of five years experience].

We analyzed retrospectively 936 intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles with husband's sperm (384 couples). Superovulation and induction monitoring occurred in the majority of cases; IUI was timed 36-40 h after ovulatory hCG. The overall pregnancy rate per cycle (PR/C) was 11.4% (107/936). Data analysis demonstrated that PR/C decreased with infertility duration, woman's age (especially after 38 years old) and number of attempts (significantly after the 4 th cycle). Superovulation (in particular by antiestrogens) and induction monitoring seemed to provide an increase in cycle pregnancy rate. Highest PR/C were observed in dysovulation and male infertility groups. In cases of sperm defects, our data showed that 2 parameters had a significant influence on pregnancy outcome: the number of motile progressive inseminated spermatozoa (> 300,000) and the spermatozoa survival rate after 24 h (> 50%). As a conclusion, intrauterine insemination can be proposed as a satisfying treatment of infertility, if precise protocol is followed and its indications well-defined.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Hybridization between wapiti (Cervus elephus manitobensis) and sika deer (Cervus nippon): a comparison of two artificial insemination techniques.

The present study compared pregnancy rates of sika deer (Cervus nippon) hinds artificially inseminated with frozen-thawed wapiti (Cervus elephus manitobensis) semen by laparoscopic intrauterine or transvaginal/cervical artificial insemination (AI) techniques. Estrous cycles of 59 sika hinds were synchronized with one-half of a norgestomet ear implant. Fourteen days after implant insertion, norgestomet ear implants were removed and hinds received 50 IU of PG-600 intramuscularly, a combination of 50 IU PMSG and 25 IU hCG. Hinds were then randomly allotted for laparoscopic (n = 25) or transvaginal/cervical (n = 34) AI. AI of the hinds with frozen-thawed wapiti semen (40 x 10(6) spermatozoa) was time-fixed to occur at 55 hr for transvaginal/cervical AI and 65 hr for laparoscopic AI postnorgestomet implant removal. Semen deposition for hinds inseminated by transvaginal/cervical AI occurred as follows: vagina. 8.8% (3/34); os cervix, 67.6% (23/34); intracervical, 20.5% (7/34); and uterus, 2.9% (1/34). On day 42 post-AI, transrectal ultrasonography was performed to determine pregnancy rates. Pregnancy rates were not significantly different (P > 0.10) between laparoscopic (8/25, 32.0%) and transvaginal/cervical AI (9/34, 26.4%), with an overall conception rate of 28.8% (17/59). These results indicate that transvaginal/cervical AI techniques can be as effective as laparoscopic AI under some circumstances. Further refinement of the transvaginal/cervical AI technique to improve pregnancy rates might lead to more widespread use of this technique when laparoscopic AI is not possible.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1977

Artificial insemination homologous and its role in the management of infertility.

Fifty-seven cases of homologous artificial insemination (AIH) were reviewed as well as the reason for performing the insemination. Three patients had AIH because of impotence, and two conceived. Twenty-nine patients whose husbands had sperm counts of less than 40 million/ml had AIH combined with split ejaculates, and seven (24.1%) became pregnant. Twenty-five patients had AIH because of persistent, unexplained, poor postcoital tests despite a normal semen picture, and eight (32%) became pregnant.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1980

Artificial insemination with donor semen mixed with semen of the infertile husband.

Mixing an oligoasthenospermic husband's semen with that of a donor prior to insemination (AIM) has been criticized, since such semen may contain antibodies which could interfere with normal sperm function. The efficacy of AIM was reviewed in 227 patients who underwent AI with frozen donor semen. Thirty-four patients requested AIM and thirteen conceived (38.2%). Seven who failed to conceive after AIM changed to donor insemination (AID), and two conceived. One hundred and ninety-three patients had AID alone, and eighty conceived. Thus, 200 patients had AID, with 82 pregnancies (41%). There were no significant differences between the AIM and AID groups with regard to age, prior fertility, and additional infertility factors. The conception rates between groups were not significantly different. Pregnancy rates per cycle of AI and dropout rates were also similar. Postinsemination testing after AIM did not reveal any effect of husband's semen upon donor spermatozoa. This study failed to show a deleterious effect of semen from azoospermic or oligoasthenospermic, infertile men upon normal semen, as used in AIM.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Artificial insemination with husband's semen: prognostic factors.

This retrospective review of 38 couples has considered 148 cycles of artificial insemination with husband's semen (AIH) and 178 cycles of natural insemination with husband's semen (NIH). The indication for AIH in every case was that postcoital testing had revealed less than 15 motile sperm/high-power field of endocervical mucus. Conception through AIH occurred in 12 cases; 1 couple conceived by NIH. The rate of conception per cycle was significantly higher in the AIH cycles than in the NIH cycles (P < 0.005). No man with both low density (less than 25 million spermatozoa/ml) and low motility (less than 50%) on semen analysis produced a pregnancy through AIH. Couples demonstrating more than 15 motile sperm/high-power field (on examination of cervical mucus 2 hours after AIH) were more likely to conceive through AIH than couples demonstrating less than 15 motile sperm. The role of AIH is discussed.

Coitus↗
PubMed1985

Transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) by artificial insemination by donor.

Four of eight recipients of artificial insemination (AI) with cryopreserved semen from a symptomless carrier of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) were found to have antibody to the virus. One has generalised, persistent lymphadenopathy while the other three remain symptom free 3 years after insemination. Three subsequently became pregnant more than a year after contact with the infected semen; the children, who are now over 1 year of age, are in good health and do not have HTLV-III antibodies. These observations emphasise the need for a rigorous screening programme for potential AI donors; they also suggest that fresh semen should not be used in AI. The findings confirm the role of semen in heterosexual transmission of the virus and suggest that in women with HTLV-III antibodies pregnancy and subsequent breast-feeding does not necessarily lead to infection of the infant.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Current practice of artificial insemination by donor in the United States.

Of 711 physicians likely to perform artificial insemination by donor surveyed to determine their current practices, 471 responded, of whom 379 reported that they performed this procedure. They accounted for approximately 3576 births by this means in 1977. In addition to treating infertility, 26 per cent of these physicians used the procedure to prevent transmission of a genetic disease, and 10 per cent used if for single women. Donors of semen were primarily from universities, were only superficially screened for genetic diseases, and were then matched phenotypically to the recipient's husband. Most recipients were inseminated twice per cycle. Only 17 per cent of physicians used the same donor for a given recipient, and 32 per cent used multiple donors within a single cycle. Only 37 per cent kept records on children, and only 30 per cent on donors. The identity of donors usually was carefully guarded to ensure privacy and to avoid legal complications.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1989

Vaginal intratubal insemination (VITI) and vaginal GIFT, endosonographic technique: early experience.

A new technique for vaginal intratubal insemination (VITI) and transvaginal gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (TV-GIFT) using endosonography has been developed. A total of 47 infertile couples were treated using a K-JITS 1000-1100 catheter (William Cook, Australia; Jansen Anderson Intratubal Transfer Set) introduced by Jansen and Anderson in Sydney, Australia, and endosonographic control with a Kretz Combison 310 echograph and a 5/7.5 MHz vaginal sectorial transducer. In 40 couples, the VITI technique was used, and in the other seven couples, TV-GIFT was used. Fifteen pregnancies (37.5%) were obtained in 63 VITI cycles (23.8% per treatment cycle) and three with TV-GIFT (42% per treatment cycle). A review is also presented of the migration--sedimentation technique used for management of male factor in an artificial insemination programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Artificial insemination with donor semen.

Fifty-three consecutive couples requesting artificial insemination with donor semen are presented. Insemination was carried out with fresh semen. Forty-three proven pregnancies were achieved with a mean of 3-4 treatment cycles per pregnancy. Psychological and legal aspects relating to this method of treatment are discussed.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

[When should donor artificial insemination be considered?].

DAI (artificial insemination with donor) is a method used in male infertility. If azoospermia represents the standard medical indication of DAI, moderate sperm insufficiencies may, on the contrary, benefit from other medically assisted procreation techniques. The place of artificial insemination with spouse or fertilization in vitro as opposed to DAI, is discussed in the presence of male hypofertility. The DAI must be used as a last resort after failure of all other treatments.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Homologous artificial insemination.

Artificial insemination--homologous (AIH) treatment in 100 couples is presented. An uncorrected pregnancy rate of 13% was achieved therapeutically versus a 10% spontaneous pregnancy rate. An adjusted pregnancy rate for those who conceived or completed at least six cycles of treatment was 41%. A pregnancy rate of 8% was obtained in 25 cases of oligospermia (less than 20 X 10(6)/ml), 15% in 27 cases of decreased motility only (less than 45% active), 27% in 18 cases of unexplained poor postcoital tests and 28% in 18 couples with suspected or proven immunologic problems. The most important reason for lack of success in our series appeared to be failure to continue therapy for an adequate period, defined as a minimum of six cycles. Since indications for AIH are less well defined than for artificial insemination with donor (AID), pregnancy yields are less reliable as an indication of a causal relationship.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1981

[Insemination techniques and ethical problems (author's transl)].

Both homologous and heterologous insemination are being used increasingly in the treatment of sterility. The indication for such a procedure and also the question of the use of cryosperma is discussed and the question of preparation of the sperm and the additives to improve sperm motility. The ethical and legal problems of heterologous insemination are dealt with specifically.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1982

Counselling patients for artificial insemination and subsequent pregnancy.

Patients contemplating conception by artificial insemination can be assured that their pregnancy will be as normal as that following natural insemination. In particular, there is no evidence of increased rate of abortion or fetal abnormality. In general, the results of AIH are disappointing and patients should be made aware of this before such treatment is advised or undertaken. The indications must be well defined and a realistic prognosis given. Pregnancy rates with AID are good using either fresh or frozen semen. It is the moral and legal implications of this procedure which raise the problems. Therefore it is vital that a couple be allowed to consider these problems fully before proceeding and it is the responsibility of their medical practitioner to ensure that they have the facility to do this.

Counseling↗