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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Influence of the 70% methanolic extract from red ginseng on the lysosome of tumor cells and on the cytocidal effect of mitomycin C.

The influence of the 70% methanolic extract (RMe) from Red Ginseng on the lysosome of tumor cells and on the cytocidal effect of mitomycin C (MMC) was investigated. RMe treatment showed an inhibitory effect on the solid form of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma but had no effect on the ascites form. MMC combined with RMe showed stronger antitumor effects, at the same time, the activity of lysosomal enzymes in tumor cells was also increased in comparison with that treated with MMC alone. Furthermore, RMe promoted the uptake of MMC into the tumor cells and enhanced in vitro the cytotoxicity of MMC against the cultured tumor cells. From these results it was concluded that RMe labilized the lysosomes of tumor cells in vivo, and increased the uptake of MMC into the tumor cells, and that the cytocidal effect of MMC was enhanced by concomitant treatment with RMe.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Study on the chemical constituents of the roots of commercial ginseng].

OBJECTIVE: To isolate and elucidate the constituents from the roots of Commercial Ginseng. METHOD: Column chromatography and HPLC were used to isolate chemical constituents. Physico-chemical characters and spectr-oscopic analysis were employed for structural identification. RESULT: Sixteen compounds were identified as: notoginsenoside-R2(1), ginsenoside-Rg2(2), 20 (R)-Rg2 (3), ginsenoside-Rg1 (4), -Rf(5), -Re(6), -Rd(7), -Rc(8), -Rb1(9), -Rb2(10), -Rb3(11), -Ra3(12), -Ra2(13), -Ra1 (14), notoginsenoside-R4(15) and ginsenoside -Ro(16). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 was obtained from the plant for the first time.

Ginsenosides↗
PubMed2004

Effect of combination of extracts of ginseng and ginkgo biloba on acetylcholine in amyloid beta-protein-treated rats determined by an improved HPLC.

AIM: To determine the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) in amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) treated rats and offer a method determining ACh as well. METHODS: A 1-month combination of extrats of ginseng and ginkgo biloba (Naoweikang) ig administration to rats was performed daily after bilateral injection of Abeta(1-40) (4 g/L, 1 microL for each side) into hippocampus. After decollation, homogenizing, and centrifuging and extracting, a high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method using electrochemical detection (ECD) combined with two immobilized enzyme reactors was used to determine ACh in rat whole brain. RESULTS: With a mobile phase consisting of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate, tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACl), octanesulfonic acid sodium salt (OSA) and "Reagent MB" at a final pH of 8.0, ACh was determined while removing the interfering choline in less than 10 min at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min on a platinum (Pt) working electrode at a potential of +300 mV vs a solid-state palladium (Pd) reference electrode. Linear regression analysis of peak area vs concentration demonstrated linearity in the 28.01 to 1400.06 microg/L injection range. The r-value was 0.9978. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.28 ng on column. ACh in whole brain decreased by 20.34 % (from 162.1+/-32.7 to 134.7+/-14.0 microg/L, P<0.05) after bilateral injection of Abeta into rat hippocampus. After Naoweikang administration (31 and 15.5 mg/kg, respectively), ACh increased by 19.97 % (from 134.7+/-14.0 to 161.6+/-26.2 microg/L, P<0.05) and 18.56 % (from 134.7+/-14.0 to 159.7+/-22.9 microg/L, P<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Naoweikang significantly increased the level of ACh in whole brain of Abeta treated rats. And a sensitive, selective and reliable method for routinely determining ACh in rat whole brain was established in this study.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2004

[Experimantal study on the effect of ginsenosides of ginseng stem and leaf in enhancing the transactivation of glucocorticoid receptor induced by dexamethasone in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ginsenosides of ginseng stem and leaf (GSL) on the transcription activity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). METHODS: HL7702 cells were transiently cotransfected by GR luciferase reporter plasmid pGRE-tk-Luc and inner referential gene pRL-SV40 plasmid, and the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and GSL on the reporter gene expression were detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: The reporter gene expression Dex-induced in HL7702 was dose- and time-dependent, it could be multiplied to 93 times in maximum, and could be blocked by the GR antagonist RU486. GSL could not induce the expression of reporter gene but could elevate the induction of Dex for 61.4%. CONCLUSION: GSL could enhance the inducing effect of Dex on transcription activity of GR in vitro.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of the ginseng polysaccharides on reducing liver glycogen].

The ginseng polysaccharides GH1 (100, 200 mg.kg-1) iv reduced liver glycogen and increased adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) level and adenyl cyclase (AC) activity in mice. The action of GH1 was completely antagonized by propranolol, inhibitor of adrenergic beta receptor. The stimulating effect of GH1 on AC activity was significant 2 and 4 h after iv GH1. However, GH1 at concentration of 20-120 mumol.L-1 in vitro showed no manifest effect on AC activity. GH1 stimulated the activities of 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterases (PDE) and calmodulin (CaM) in a dose-dependent manner. It is suggested that the reduction of liver glycogen induced by GH1 resulted from its obvious increase of cAMP which promoted glycogenolysis and decreased glycogenesis.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed2006

Antiproliferative ability of a combination regimen of crocodile egg extract, wild radix ginseng and natural Ganoderma lucidum on acute myelogenous leukemia.

Chinese practitioners have employed the use of traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-cancer agent since the ancient period. Different combinations have been formulated for various purposes. Some have been claimed for post-chemotherapy use but their direct actions on cancer cells may not be significantly reported. In the present study, we have tested the possible anti-leukemia potential of a combination regimen including crocodile egg extract, wild radix ginseng and natural Ganoderma lucidum (CGG extract) on acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in vitro. A water soluble CGG extract was prepared and its antiproliferative activity was tested on the KG1a AML cell line and two freshly prepared bone marrow aspirate samples isolated from patients with de novo AML during presentation by a MTS/PMS assay. Furthermore, the possible activity of the CGG extract on the regeneration potential of KG1a cells was also investigated using a semi-solid methyl-cellulose colony formation assay. Lastly, the acute toxicity of CGG extract was further examined by a single high-dose oral feeding to rats. We found that the CGG extract could possess significant antiproliferative activity on AML cells. A strong colony formation inhibition was further demonstrated on KG1a cells. After feeding the rats with an excessive dose of CGG extract, we observed no development of acute toxicity. We concluded that the CGG extract has growth inhibitory potential on KG1a cells and AML bone marrow samples in vitro. An in vivo toxicity test revealed that no acute toxicity was observed after feeding the rats a high dosage of the CGG extract. Further animal model tests are necessary to investigate the possible chronic toxicity of the CGG extract.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed2006

[Synergistic effects of total saponins of panax ginseng in combination with hematopoietic growth factor on proliferation and differentiation of CD34(+) cells ex vivo].

To investigate the effects of total saponins of panax ginseng (TSPG) in combination with hematopoietic growth factors (HGF) on proliferation and differentiation of CD34(+) cells ex vivo, the purified CD34(+) cells from cord blood and bone marrow were expanded by various concentrations of TSPG with combination of cytokines in liquid culture systems and the expanded cell number, CD34(+) cell number, CD33(+) cell ratio, the numbers of total CFC and hematopoietic progenitor cell number were detected. The results showed that TSPG (10 - 70 microg/ml) could raise the expanded cell number, CD34(+) cell number, and the numbers of total CFC, TSPG 50 microg/ml was identified as the most potent stimulating concentration, and increased total nucleated cells to (2470.5 +/- 79.96) x 10(3), CFC to (53.96 +/- 4.286) x 100% and CD34(+) cells to (21.86 +/- 3.094) x 100%; TSPG (10 - 50 microg/ml) could raise the colony formation rate of CFU-GM, TSPG (20 microg/ml) induced the best effect on granulocytopoietic differentiation committed of CD34(+) cells. It is concluded that the optimal concentration of TSPG can promote CD34(+) cells to proliferate and differentiate by cooperating with hematopoietic growth factors.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Local mechanisms of the regulatory action of Scutellaria baicalensis and ginseng extracts on the erythropoiesis after paradoxical sleep deprivation].

The influence of ginseng and skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) extracts on the local mechanisms of erythropoiesis control under the conditions paradoxical sleep deprivation has been studied. The regulatory action of both preparations on the bone marrow erythropoiesis is based on their ability to influence the proliferation and differentiation in erythroid cells-precursors via modulation of the functional activity of cellular hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment elements. In particular, the drugs induce changes in the structural and functional organization of the bone marrow and in the production of short-range humoral erythropoiesis regulatory elements.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Diversity of yeasts associated with Panax ginseng.

Biodiversity of yeasts was investigated in the ginseng cultivation field. Among 34 isolates tested in this study, 26 isolates belonged to the hymenomycetous yeast group. These 26 strains were classified into 12 species including four new-species candidates that did not have clear affiliation to any established species. Seven isolates among the remaining strains were classified into three ascomycetous yeast species, and one isolate was identified as a urediniomycetous yeast species.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed1991

[Purification and identification of red ginseng polypeptides].

Two new polypeptides named RGPI and RGPII were isolated from the Chinese drug red ginseng for the first time. They were identified as propadecopeptide and pentadecopeptidex on the basis of analysis of amino acid composition and determination of molecular weight. Further-more, the effects of RGPs on the content of polysaccharides and the activity of succinodehydrogenase in the 2BS cells of the lung of human embryo were studied.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

Effects of ginseng stem-leaves saponins on one-way avoidance behavior in rats.

Using a multiple-trial, training-to-criterion procedure, the effects of repeated administrations of ginseng stem-leaves saponins (GSLS) on learning and memory of one-way avoidance in rats were studied in shuttle-box. In acquisition, GSLS 10, 30, and 60 mg.kg-1 ip shortened the latency of avoidance in a bell-shaped manner from 1.0 +/- 0.2 s in saline rats to 0.8 +/- 0.5, 0.5 +/- 0.1, 0.8 +/- 0.2 s (d 3 learning) and from 0.9 +/- 0.2 s to 0.8 +/- 0.2, 0.7 +/- 0.1, and 0.8 +/- 0.2 s (10 x 24 h memory), and the best dose was 30 mg.kg-1. GSLS 30 mg.kg-1 ip shortened the latency of avoidance prolonged by scopolamine 0.8 mg.kg-1 sc from 5.2 +/- 1.3 s to 3.9 +/- 0.8 s (d 1 learning acquisition) and from 2.2 +/- 0.6 s to 0.8 +/- 0.3 s (3 x 24 h memory acquisition). In retention, GSLS 30 mg.kg-1 ip shortened the latency prolonged by cycloheximide 2.5 and 5 mg.kg-1 ip from 3.4 +/- 1.0 s to 1.4 +/- 0.5 s (4 h memory) and from 1.6 +/- 0.3 s to 0.9 +/- 0.2 s (24 h memory), and increased the avoidance number decreased by cycloheximide 5 mg.kg-1 from 38.1 +/- 8.8% to 72.4 +/- 10.8% (4 h memory). The results indicate that GSLS facilitated the acquisition of learning and memory in rats, and improved the scopolamine amnesia and cycloheximide amnesia.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1991

[Induction of cytochrome P-450 by triterpensaponins in Vietnamese ginseng].

It was found that rat liver cytochrome P-450 is induced by the Vietnamese ginseng triterpensaponines mixture (TSM) as well as by K5VN Panaxozides-11 (VP-11) purified from this mixture. Addition of TSM and VP-11 accelerates benz(alpha)pyrene and aminopyrine hydroxylation and increases the content of cytochrome P-450 isoforms with Mr of 57 kDa and 54 kDa in rat liver microsomes. Since VP-11 accounts for about 50% of TSM, the results obtained suggest that the microsomal monooxygenase system induction is caused by this triterpensaponine. Induction by TSM and VP-11 was compared to that by phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC). It was shown that according to their inductive action TSM and VP-11 belong neither to the PB- nor to the MC-type. Cytochrome P-450 induction may play an important role in the triterpensaponine action on the organism, because this enzyme participates in the metabolism of such endogenous compounds as prostaglandins, steroid hormones, cholesterol, etc.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on the mechanism of ginseng polypeptide induced hypoglycemia].

When ginseng polypeptide (GP) was administered iv or sc to mice or rats, the blood sugar and liver glycogen were decreased. The decrease of blood sugar and liver glycogen induced by GP in rats were inhibited by pretreatments with pentolamine and propranolol, respectively. The results suggest that the effect of GP on glucose metabolism may be related to adrenergic receptors. In addition, GP at doses which cause decreases of blood sugar and glycogen, inhibited LDH activity, and consequently produced decrease of lactic acid and increase of pyruvic acid. GP was also found to stimulate SDH and CCO activities (which are respiratory enzymes in the electron transport chain), consequently promote aerobic oxidation course.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of ginseng polysaccharides on reducing blood glucose and liver glycogen].

Ginseng polysaccharides (GH1) 50-200 mg/kg ip or sc reduced blood glucose and liver glycogen of mice. Adrenalectomy did not affect this action. GH1 increased the content of pyruvic acid, but decreased the content of lactic acid by weakening the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. GH1 accelerated oxidative-phosphorylation of carbohydrate since the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome oxidase (CCO) were obviously stimulated. Besides the promotion of the activity of SDH in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELF), GH1 decreased the content of polysaccharides in HELF of the 24th age generation, but increased that of the 40th age generation. On the other hand, GH1 stimulated the release of insulin. It is suggested that the reduction of blood glucose and liver glycogen induced by GH1 be primarily due to the increase of carbohydrate utilization and the decrease of glycogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immunomodulatory effects of two extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.

The effect of Panax ginseng extracts on cell-mediated immune functions in man has been investigated. Three groups, each consisting of twenty healthy volunteers, were treated under conditions of double blindness with capsules containing lactose (Control Group B), with capsules containing 100 mg of aqueous extract of the drug (Group A), and with capsules containing 100 mg of standardized extract of the drug (Group C). All the patients took one capsule every 12 h for 8 weeks. Blood samples were withdrawn before beginning the treatment, at the fourth week and at the eighth week. The immune parameters examined were the following: chemotaxis of PMNs, phagocytosis index (PHI), phagocytosis fraction (PHF), intracellular killing, total lymphocytes (T3), T helper (T4) subset, suppressor cells (T8) subset, blastogenesis of circulating lymphocytes, natural killer-cell activity (NK). Chemotaxis proved to be enhanced (p less than 0.05) already at the fourth week in Group A as well as in Group C; the increase became even more marked (p less than 0.001) at the eight week in subjects belonging to Group C. PHI and PHF proved to be enhanced (p less than 0.05) at the eighth week in subjects of Group A; these increases were found to be higher in subjects of Group C (p less than 0.001) already starting at the fourth week. Intracellular killing was shown to be significantly increased (p less than 0.05) already at the fourth week in Groups A and C; the increase becomes highly significant in both groups (p less than 0.001) at the eighth week; however, a significant increase (p less than 0.05) at the eighth week was also noticed in the placebo group (Group B).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Comparison between the therapeutic effects of ginseng-aconitum-bupleurum injection and dexamethasone on septic shock complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by E. coli in dogs].

In this paper, the authors report the therapeutic effects of Ginseng-Aconitum-Bupleurum (GAB) injection on septic shock complicated with DIC induced by intravenous injection of live E. Coli in dogs. The experimental results indicated that the survival rate at 48 h after intravenous injection of live E. Coli was 30% in saline group, 80% in GAB, 90% in dexamethasone (Dex) group. The BPC, WBC, FG, AT-III, beta-GC, PHb were 82 +/- 28, 9.1 +/- 5.9, 1.85 +/- 0.41, 112 +/- 43, 0.37 +/- 0.17, 0.11 +/- 0.07 respectively for GAB, 70 +/- 37, 6.7 +/- 3.7, 1.55 +/- 0.36, 59 +/- 29, 0.91 +/- 0.28, 0.12 +/- 0.06 respectively for the saline group, 58 +/- 33, 6.3 +/- 2.9, 1.95 +/- 0.21, 103 +/- 43, 0.50 +/- 0.16, 0.13 +/- 0.06 respectively for Dex. The BPC, WBC, FG, AT-III levels of the GAB group were significantly higher than those in saline group and were not significantly difference from the Dex group. The beta-GC and PHb levels of the GAB group were significantly reductive than the saline group and were not significantly different from the Dex group. The results showed that the survival rate was higher, the DIC was inhibited and normal biomembranes were maintained in the GAB group.

Animals↗