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COLD in Korea.

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Frostbite↗

Pernio. A possible association with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

Florid pernio occurred in an elderly man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Previous case reports showed four elderly men with pernio and a hematologic disorder. Retrospective examination of the reported hematologic features of these cases enabled us to identify them as cases of CMML. Pernio preceded the diagnosis of the leukemia in all cases. We suggest that pernio may occur as an initial manifestation of CMML. The pathogenesis of pernio in association with CMML remains unclear.

Chilblains↗

Chronic pernio. A historical perspective of cold-induced vascular disease.

Chronic pernio, or cold-induced vascular disease, is an uncommon syndrome with a clinical resemblance to vasculitis or peripheral cholesterol embolization. We studied a case of chronic pernio in which the angiogram revealed extensive vascular changes indistinguishable from vasculitis; pathologic studies of previously reported cases have revealed a primary vasculopathy. The pathophysiology of chronic pernio may be cold-induced vessel damage leading to a secondary dermopathy. Our patient's condition improved once the correct diagnosis was established and appropriate therapy was instituted.

Aged↗

Therapeutic angiography. Its value to the surgical patient.

Standard angiographic techniques formerly used exclusively as diagnostic modalities have been modified to serve as definitive or adjunctive therapeutic measured. The techniques include transcatheter embolization; infusion of vasoactive drugs, chemotherapeutic agents and radioactive particles; tamponade of bleeding arteries and balloon catheters; extraction of vascular foreign bodies and retained biliary tract stones and transluminal arterial dilation. These techniques have been proved effective and safe when used judiciously.

Adult↗