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Results for “Formularies as Topic”

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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Dry mouth; possible cause--pharmaceuticals].

Many elderly complain about oral dryness. This complaint can be the result of the use of drugs, because many drugs, such as anti-depressives, anti-psychotics and anti-hypertensives, have an anti-cholinergic or anti-adrenergic action. Knowledge of this potential side-effect of drugs as well as adjustment of schedules of drug usage may result in (partly) relief of dryness-related complaints. In this paper first of all mechanisms that underly negative regulation of salivary secretion are discussed. An overview is given of drugs with an salivary secretion inhibitory action. In addition, suggestions are presented to manage drug-induced hyposalivation.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Pharma-lary.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed2002

Application of pharmacoeconomics to formulary decision making in managed care organizations.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the apparent value of incorporating pharmacoeconomic studies into pharmacy and therapeutic committee decision making; current internal and external barriers to the use of pharmacoeconomic studies; and possible solutions to the problems. STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. RESULTS: The formulary system assists healthcare providers in the evaluation, appraisal, and selection of drugs. Unfortunately, managed care organizations usually evaluate drugs exclusively on clinical efficacy, safety, and daily acquisition cost without considering overall cost effectiveness. Factors that have been impeding the use of pharmacoeconomic data include departmental budgetary constraints, tardy publications, limited reliability of available studies, and a lack of knowledge required to evaluate such studies. CONCLUSIONS: To remain competitive, managed care organizations need to incorporate pharmacoeconomic consideration into their formulary decision-making process. Performing an institutionwide economic evaluation; conducting pharmacoeconomic studies earlier, perhaps along with clinical trials; using decision analysis; developing standardized guidelines; and increasing education can help overcome current barriers.

Budgets↗
PubMed2001

Consumers face higher costs as health plans seek to control drug spending.

Faced with relentless growth in pharmaceutical spending during the 1990s, health plans in recent years have tried to rein in costs by negotiating lower drug prices, encouraging more cost-conscious physician prescribing patterns and moderating the volume and mix of drugs demanded by consumers. Because of limited success with these strategies, plans have moved rapidly to three-tier benefit packages that offer broader drug choices but shift more costs to consumers. The move to three-tier pharmacy benefits appears to have slowed drug-spending growth for some plans--at least for the short term--but raises questions about the cost and quality of pharmaceutical care for consumers. Based on interviews with health plan executives in the 12 nationally representative communities the Center for Studying Health System Change (HSC) visits every two years, this Issue Brief examines plans' strategies to contain drug spending and the possible consequences for consumers.

Cost Control↗
PubMed2001

[The characteristics of official and personal formulary in the Song dynasty].

The development of prescription books reached its peak in the Song dynasty. There were two kinds of the book: official and personal. The former was characterized by its abundant contents, authentication and rich set -- prescriptions, while the latter was characterized by paying attention to practices, conscience and careful classification in different special areas. The two types of formulary embody the sense of splendor stage in the Song dynasty from various viewpoints. So it is useful to the development of modern pharmacology of TCM by studying the two types of formularies.

China↗
PubMed2002

Reframing the pharmaceutical manufacturer/health plan relationship in managed care.

Managed care is stuck in a vendor stage of health care industry evolution that is organized, primarily, to beat back costs through contracted discounts and utilization management. At the same time, the potential exists for an altogether different managed care that is based on a more explicit mission of lowering costs through improved quality. The foundation for this alternative approach is evident in current practices involving disease management and clinical-quality improvement. Significantly, while health plans do not have the staff or capital to systematically adopt these practices, pharmaceutical companies are in a unique position to assist. To the degree health plans start building sophisticated, long-term strategic partnerships with pharmaceutical manufacturers into their business models, managed care will gain the capacity to advance beyond its vendor stage and make good on its original mission of promoting preventive health, improving individual outcomes, and realizing sustainable cost containment. For this to happen, it is suggested that health plans address "total cost-of-care savings" in their budget process, and the pharmaceutical manufacturers establish a "consultative service function" in their managed care divisions.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inter-provincial variation in government drug formularies.

In Canada, coverage for ambulatory prescription drug expenditures is provided to some groups by provincial drug plans through a provincial formulary. Little is known about the drugs provincial formularies give access to. We report the variation in availability of new drug molecules (NDM) across provincial formularies. We identified 108 NDM approved in Canada between 1991 and 1998. From each drug plan bulletin or formulary, we abstracted names of NDM listed as per 15 January 1999. We compared the level of listing across provinces using kappa coefficients. In the Quebec, BC, Manitoba and Saskatchewan formularies, more than 70% of the NDM were listed. In four provinces, this proportion was lower than 50%. In general, the agreement between formularies was poor. There is a wide variation across provinces in terms of NDM listed in the formularies. This variation reflects inter-provincial differences in the way drugs are selected for coverage.

Canada↗
PubMed2002

Etanercept and its implications for managed care.

Etanercept, a new drug for psoriatic arthritis (PsA), offers a safe and effective, but somewhat costly treatment for a condition for which therapeutic options have been scarce. Its debut poses a challenge to managed care organizations in terms of its potentially adverse impact on the pharmacy budget. Managed care organizations must take the initiative in developing appropriate criteria for authorizing the use of etanercept and in overseeing the management and reimbursement of various treatments for PsA. Care is warranted in evaluating the options to take into account the clinical, human, and financial ramifications of their use.

Adult↗