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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Keratinolytic fungi in Egyptian soils. I. Baited with hair and wool.

150 soil samples were collected, 90 from Nile Valley and Delta, 36 from desert and 24 from salt marshes. Human, buffalo and cow hair and sheep wool were used as baits at three incubation temperatures. Forty-four species which belong to twenty-one genera at 27 degrees C and forty-two which belong to twenty-two genera at 37 degrees C were collected. We isolated the following keratinophilic fungi Chrysosporium tropicum, C. keratinophilum, C. indicum, C. pannicola, C. queenslandicum, Trichophyton terrestre, T. mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum. Several other saprophytic fungi were isolated. No fungi were isolated at 45 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Decomposition of natural aromatic structures and xenobiotics by fungi].

The review deals with transformation of natural and synthetic aromatic compounds by fungi (causative agents of white rot, brown rot, or soft rot, as well as soil filamentous fungi). Major enzyme types involved in the transformation of lignin and aromatic xenobiotics are discussed, with emphasis on activity regulation under the conditions of secondary metabolism and oxidative stress. Coupling of systems degrading polysaccharides/lignin and non-phenolic lignin structures (without the involvement of lignin peroxidase) is analyzed, together with non-enzymatic mechanisms (involving lipoperoxide free radicals, cation-radicals, quinoid mediators, or transition metal ions). Metabolic pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic and haloaromatic compounds in fungi are described. Consideration is given to the mechanisms of fungal adaptation to aromatic xenobiotics.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1992

Indole 3-acetic acid production by ectomycorrhizal fungi.

Ability of 8 ectomycorrhizal fungi to synthesise indole 3-acetic acid from L-tryptophan and their growth rate were studied. Differences in the levels of IAA synthesis and biomass production among the 8 mycorrhizal fungi were observed. A positive correlation was recorded between IAA level and mycelial growth. The synthesis of IAA and mycelial biomass were maximum on 30th day after incubation. Pisolithus tinctorius and Laccaria laccata exhibited higher amounts of IAA production than other fungi, whereas Amanita muscaria and Rhizopogon luteolus showed least quantity of IAA.

Fungi↗
PubMed2004

Airborne fungi in industrial environments--potential agents of respiratory diseases.

Investigations on airborne fungi in a poultry house, a swinery, a feed preparing and storing house, a grain mill, a wooden panel producing factory, and organic waste recycling facilities have been carried out in Lithuania. Low concentrations of fungal spores were detected in the wooden panel producing factory, the swinery, the feed preparing and storing house, and the poultry house; moderate concentrations were found in the organic waste recycling facilities; high concentrations were revealed at the grain mill. Species of Aspergillus oryzae, A. nidulans, P. expansum, Penicillium olivinoviride, P. claviforme and Botryotrichum longibrachiatum prevailed in the poultry farm; Geotrichum candidum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. herbarum, Penicillium viridicatum and P. fellutanum dominated in the swinery. Fungi of Penicillium viridicatum, P. expansum, Staphylotrichum coccosporum and Aspergillus oryzae prevailed in the feed preparing and storing house at the swinery. Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. herbarum, Penicillium viridicatum and Geotrichum candidum prevailed in the grain mill. Fungi ascribed as Paecilomyces puntonii, Rhizopus nodosus and R. stolonifer dominated in the wooden panel producing factory. Species of Aspergillus raperi, P. paxilli, P. oxalicum, and Cladosporium herbarum prevailed at the organic waste recycling facilities. According to published data, the majority of the identified fungal species are characterized as allergenic and an exposure to their spores may provoke adverse health effects (such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma or extrinsic allergic alveolitis) in susceptible individuals.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2004

[Community diversity of entomogenous fungi in Dabie Mountains in Anhui].

The abundance, Shannon-Wiener's diversity index (H'), Pielou's evenness (E) and K-dominance curves were calculated for community diversity of entomogenous fungi in the Dabie Mountains. The results showed that the species number, diversity value, evenness and dominance were distinctly different among different habitats, altitudes, seasons and horizontals. These indexes reflected the community structure of entomogenous fungi, and revealed the relations among different entomogenous fungal communities. By means of Bray-Curtis Measure and UPGMA clustering analysis, entomogenous fungi were vertically distributed from lower altitude upwards into 3 belts, i.e., warm humid low-mountains zone (alt. < 900 m), cool humid mid-mountains zone (alt. 900-1200 m), and cold humid high-mountains zone (alt. > 1200 m).

Biodiversity↗
PubMed2004

[Morphologic structures and identification of dark (dematiaceous) fungi].

Dematiaceous fungi are dark brown, olivaceous or black pigmented groups of fungi. As only and shared characteristic, they belong to the class of Deuteromycetes, order Moniliales, genus Hyphomycetes, and they produce melanin or dihydroxinaphtalene-melanin. Their identification is mainly based on their morphological structure. In this review article, some microscopic properties and differentiation criteria have been discussed for the morphological identification of these fungi.

Melanins↗
PubMed2005

Synergistic effect of the combination triclosan with 2-phenylphenol against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi.

OBJECTIVE: Triclosan is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but lesser against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa). 2-phenylphenol is considered as an effective agent against fungi but its antifungal action is more important than its antibacterial activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bactericidal and fungicidal activities of triclosan and 2-phenylphenol alone, and in combination against standard strains of bacteria and fungi. METHODS: The study was carried out in the Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, during the year 2004. The standard French method of in-vitro dilution quantitative suspension test, according to the Association Françoise de Normalization (AFNOR) guideline, has been used to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activity of each agent alone as well as the combination of the agents. RESULTS: The antibacterial activity of the combination triclosan-2-phenylphenol was significantly enhanced over that of each agent used alone against P.aeruginosa. Synergistic effect was observed against all tested strains of fungi. CONCLUSION: This synergistic effect that was exhibited by triclosan-2-phenylphenol combination can be considered to enhance the antibacterial activity against P.aeruginosa and the antifungal activity of the 2 agents, to reduce the in-use concentration of each agent used alone, that may minimize any possible side effect of the 2 agents, and to avoid the occurrence of bacterial resistance to one of the 2 agents.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2005

Biodegradation of crude petroleum and petroleum products by fungi isolated from two oil seeds (melon and soybean).

Crude petroleum oil degrading fungi were isolated from two oil seeds, Cucumeropsis mannii (melon) and Glycine max (soybean) seeds in the presence and absence of petroleum fumes. An assessment of the relative ability of each fungus to degrade crude petroleum, diesel and kerosene on minimum salt solution was done using change in optical density read on spectrophotometer. Twenty-one fungal species (14 genera) were isolated altogether during this experiment. These include eight species of Aspergillus; one species each of Botryodiplodia, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Cunnighamella, Dreschlera, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Macrophomina, Mucor, Paeciliomyces, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Talariomyces. It was evident that most of the fungi tested were able to biodegrade the crude petroleum oil, though at different rates. Bipolaris had a low rate of biodegradation of the petroleum oil of all the fungal species isolated Botryodiplodia theobromae had the highest degrading ability on the crude oil, while Aspergillus flavus had the least after 40 days of incubation. Aspergillus flavus had the highest ability to biodegrade diesel while A. niger had the least ability. In kerosene, Macrophomina phaseolina had the highest ability while A. niger had the least ability to biodegrade it. There was fluctuation in the growth pattern of the fungi in the petroleum oil medium. The implication of these are discussed.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2005

[The effect of fungi in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of fungi in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHOD: This study were divided two groups, the first was the experimental group: Nasal mucus membrane and nasal polyps were collected from patients with CRS (with and without polyps), and the second was the control group, nasal mucus were collected from OHc. Fungal-specific PCR were performed on each sample. The anther was used 0.9% sol sodium chloride to wash the autopsy tissues 5 times, and then PCR analysis was performed. chi-squared analysis was used to test for statistical difference between these groups. RESULT: PCR technique detected fungal DNA were 89.2% and 89.4% in nasal polyps and nasal mucous membrane respectively, and 66.7% in normal control subjective. There were statistically significant difference in these groups. After using 0.9% sol sodium chloride to wash the autopsy tissues, the fungi's positive rate was dropped. CONCLUSION: Fungi was important in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps and CRS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Application of white-rot fungi in composting lead-contaminated waste].

Simulative lead polluted wastes which containing unpolluted soil, household waste, straw, bran and lead nitrate were prepared. Inoculation of white-rot fungi and uninoculation in composting of lead-contaminated waste were studied. Change of chemical factor, biological parameter and biological toxicity analyses with time during the composting process were determined to study effect of heavy metal on composting process and probability of application of white-rot fungi in composting of metal-contaminated waste. The results show the composting of lead-contaminated waste inoculated white-rot fungi could be successfully processed, which lead to the reduction of the bioavailability of Pb in compost and alleviate the potential harm from heavy metal. Under this composting process, for the final compost, pH, water-soluble organic carbon/nitrogen, volatile solid, lignin and coarse fibre remained reached 7.9, 4.01, 36.1%, 22.4g, 30.1g, respectively. In addition, 63.38% of Pb in residual fraction and 0% of Pb in soluble-exchangeable fraction were found in final compost, and the germination index of final compost reached 121%.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2004

[Fungi as an aetiological factor of upper respiratory diseases].

Mycologic investigations were carried out in subjects suffering from upper respiratory tract ailments. The material for assessment was collected from various ontocenoses. Species of fungal strains were determined by means of the morphological and biochemical analyses. Special attention was paid to the frequency of fungi occurring in multiple foci of the same system. In patients presented with ailments of the upper respiratory tract the presence of fungi, predominantly species of Candida genus was detected in different ontocenoses. In 1/4 of cases the fungi were found in 2 or 3 foci, which can induce systemic transmission, interfere with treatment and result in recurrent infections.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[The role of fungi in etiopathogenesis of delayed orthopaedic wound healing].

Mycological investigations were carried out in 20 patients due to the delayed wound healing, following orthopaedic surgery at the Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lódź. The material samples for fungal assessment were taken from the wound, surrounding skin and oral cavity. In all patients, the fungi were isolated at least from one ontocenosis; from the wound in 40.0% of subjects studied, from the wound-surrounding skin in 55.0% and from the oral cavity in 85.0%. It should be emphasized that the occurrence of fungi was more frequently observed simultaneously in two or three ontocenoses (70.0%) than in one (30.0%). Unifocal infection was found only in the oral cavity, while the presence of fungi in the wound was accompanied by their appearance in the region of wound-surrounding skin and/or in the oral cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Larvicidal effect of extracellular secondary metabolites of different fungi against the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say.

The culture filtrates of five different soil fungi viz., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Penicillium falicum, Fusarium vasinfectum and Trichoderma viride were tested for the larvicidal activity against third instar larvae of mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus. The concentrations of fungal culture filtrates used in the study ranged from 25 to 100 mg/L. The results showed that the larval mortality could be observed on 24 hours of exposure period. The LC5 0 values of A. flavus, A. parasiticus, P. falicum, F. vasinfectum and T. viride were 38.34, 40.39, 44.97, 50.03 and 54.16 mg/L, respectively. Among the five different fungi, the culture filtrates of A. flavus was found to be more toxic than the other four species of fungi against Cx. quinquefasciatus.

Aedes↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of potentially pathogenic fungi in the bathing sites of the Sulejów Reservoir.

Progressive degradation of water ecosystems may contribute to the propagation of fungi pathogenic to humans and animals. The aim of this study was a quantitative evaluation and identification of species of potentially pathogenic fungi in the littoral zone of the Sulejów Reservoir used as recreation site. We studied samples of surface water and sediments collected from 6 sampling sites of the reservoir in the years 2000 and 2001. In 2000, fungi were isolated from 82.7% of samples, while in 2001 from as many as 95.4%. There were 28 species representing genera: Candida, Cryptococcus, Geotrichum, Kloeckera, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, and Trichosporon. The most common species were Rhodotorula glutinis and Candida guilliermondii. The density of the population of identified species depended on the season and sampling site and ranged from 80 to 328000 cells/dm3 (also uncountable growth). The waters of the Sulejów Reservoir may be a covenient place of anamorphic developmental forms, for the 15 cultured species which can also propagate in humans and other mammals.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMed2006

[The dynamics of microorganism populations and fermentation characters of co-cultures of rumen fungi and cellulolytic bacteria on different substrates].

In vitro co-culture technique and DGGE were used to investigate the dynamics of microorganism populations and fermentation characters of co-cultures of rumen fungi and cellulolytic bacteria at different substrates (concentrate to crude ratio in treatment A to E was all rice straw, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3 and all corn, respectively). The results showed that, compared with Oh, fungal population density at 24h increased in treatment B and C, but decreased in treatment A and D, and no fungi was detected in treatment E; but cellulolytic bacteria population at 24h increased with the increasing of concentrate to crude ratio. At the end of 48h fermentation, no fungi were detected in all treatments; cellulolytic bacteria population increased from treatment A to treatment C, but decreased from treatment D. DGGE results showed that samples collected in treatment A, B and C had similar DGGE patterns with about 11 dominant bands, but dominant bands in treatment D and E decreased markedly compared to treatments A, B and C. With the increasing of concentrate to crude ratio, pH value of the co-culture decreased dramatically (P < 0.05). During the fermentation periods, acetate was the major VFA in co-culture, the acetate to propionate ratio decreased from treatment A to treatment C, but increased from treatment D. With the increasing of concentrate to crude ratio, the total VFA at 48h increased from treatment A to treatment C, and then decreased. At the end of 48h fermentation, CMCase activity and xylanase activity were highest in treatment A. alpha-Amylase activity increased from treatment A to treatment D, but treatment E was the lowest in all treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of interspecies difference of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian you seedlings vegetative growth and mineral contents].

In a pot experiment, axenic pomelo (Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You) seedlings were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Gigaspora margarita, Glomus mosseae and Glomus versiforme, respectively, and their vegetative growth and mineral contents were studied. The results showed that the seedlings inoculated with test AM fungi could be infected effectively, and their shoot and root growth, especially fibrous root growth, was significantly improved, compared with the control. After inoculated with G. mosseae, the root length, lateral root number, and fibrous root number and length of the seedlings were increased by 22.7%, 35.7%, 160. 8% and 103.2%, respectively. The inoculation of these three AM fungi could significantly elevate the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn contents in seedlings leaves. For example, the P content was increased by 46.8%, 88. 7% and 32. 3% , respectively, compared with the control. Among the three treatments, the seedlings inoculated with G. mosseae had the best vegetative growth, and the highest mycorrhizal dependence and N, P, K, Ca, Zn and Cu contents. The relative occurrence of AM fungal species decreased in the order of G. mosseae > G. margarita > G. versiforme, indicating that G. mosseae was most suitable for C. grandis seedlings inoculation.

Citrus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Allergic fungi: importance of the standardization of fungal extracts and their application on clinical practice].

Among the aeroallergens associated to asthma and allergic rhinitis, the fungi are a common cause of diagnostic and therapeutic problems. The wide variety and distribution of fungal species and the complex characterization of their allergenicity, is a complex item. The fungus extracts used to diagnose and treat sensitizations are frequently non effective, and different varieties of extracts are globally distributed. The standardization of commercial fungi extracts results extremely important as diagnostic procedure as well as to decide an efficacious and safe immunotherapy. This paper reviews important methodological steps to the standardization of fungi extracts, and finally the clinical use of these extracts.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of pH on the enzymic activity of the fungi Trichothecium roseum and Aspergillus niger hydrolyzing nonstarch polysaccharides].

The purpose of the study was to determine optimal pH values for the enzymic activity of the fungi Trichothecium roseum and Aspergillus niger hydrolyzing nonstarch polysaccharides of barley and disrupting cell walls (cytolysis) of grain, the so called cytolytic enzymes. The effect of the acidity of the medium on the stability of these enzymes was also investigated. In this connection total cytolytic activity (i. e. total activity of the enzymes hydrolyzing nonstarch polysaccharides of cell walls of barley) and hemicellulase activity of the fungi at different pH values were measured. The activity of these enzymes in aqueous extracts from the fungal culture at optimal pH after preincubation was determined at different acidity levels. The optimum of the hemicellulase activity of both fungi was at 4.6, the optimum of the total cytolytic activity of Tr. roseum at pH 5.6 and of Asp. niger at pH 3.0. The enzymes of the fungus Asp. niger showed a far higher acid stability than those of Tr. roseum.

Aspergillus↗