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PubMed1989

Influence of the sex-linked dwarfing gene (dw) on the lipid composition of plasma, egg yolk and abdominal fat pad in White Leghorn laying hens: effect of dietary fat.

The levels and fatty acid composition of lipids were determined in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL, d less than 1.006), yolk and abdominal adipose tissue of normal (Dw) and sex-linked dwarf (dw) White Leghorn laying hens. Effects of adding 4% tallow to the diet were also examined. In 40-wk-old hens, neither plasma lipids (triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol), VLDL levels, nor the chemical composition of VLDL was altered by the dw gene or dietary fat. Dwarfism reduced egg and yolk weights. Though the yolk lipid content was similar in normal and dwarf hens, yolk from dwarfs had slightly more phospholipids and less triglycerides than yolk from normal hens. Higher linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] and lower oleic acid [18:1(n-9)] levels were observed in triglycerides of VLDL, yolk and adipose tissue from dwarf hens. In addition, the dietary fatty acid pattern had a greater influence on the fatty acid composition of the yolk lipid major precursors (VLDL triglycerides) in dwarf laying hens than in normal hens. These results suggest that the dwarfing gene might reduce the hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis and/or dwarf hens might incorporate more dietary lipids into yolk than do normal hens.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1998

Effects of increased fat availability on fat-carbohydrate interaction during prolonged exercise in men.

The study examined the existence and regulation of fat-carbohydrate interaction during low- and moderate-intensity exercise. Eight males cycled for 10 min at 40% and 60 min at 65% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) while infused with either Intralipid and heparin (Int) or saline (Con). Before exercise, plasma arterial free fatty acid (FFA) was 0.69 +/- 0.04 mM (Int) vs. 0.25 +/- 0.04 mM (Con). Muscle biopsies were taken at rest and at 10, 20, and 70 min of exercise. Arterial and femoral venous blood samples and expired gases were collected simultaneously throughout exercise, and blood flow was estimated from pulmonary O2 uptake and the leg arterial-venous O2 difference. Respiratory exchange ratio was higher in Con (0.94 +/- 0.01) compared with Int (0.91 +/- 0.01). Mean net leg FFA uptake was higher in Int (0.16 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.01 mmol/min), and net lactate efflux was reduced (Int, 1.55 +/- 0.36 vs. Con, 3.07 +/- 0.47 mmol/min). Leg net glucose uptake was unaffected by Int. Muscle glycogen degradation was 23% lower in Int [230 +/- 29 vs. 297 +/- 36 mmol glucosyl units/kg dry muscle (dm)]. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the a form (PDHa) was lower during Int (1.61 +/- 0.17 vs. 2.22 +/- 0.24 mmol.min-1.kg wet muscle-1), and muscle citrate was higher (0.59 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.04 mmol/kg dm). Muscle lactate, phosphocreatine, ATP, acetyl-CoA, acetyl-carnitine, and P(i) were unaffected by Int. Calculated free AMP was significantly lower in Int compared with Con at 70 min of exercise (3.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.3 mumol/kg dm). The high FFA-induced reduction in glycogenolysis and carbohydrate oxidation at 65% VO2max appears to be due to regulation at several sites. The reduced flux through phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase during Int may have been due to reduced free AMP accumulation and increased cytoplasmic citrate. The mechanism for reduced PDH transformation to the a form is unknown but suggests reduced flux through PDH.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Dietary fat and health: the evidence and the politics of prevention: careful use of dietary fats can improve life and prevent disease.

Every year, more young people start the slow progressive injury that eventually becomes cardiovascular disease and death. It could be prevented with nutrition education, but medical efforts focus more on treatments for older people than on preventing primary causes of disease in young people. Two avoidable risks are prevented by simple dietary interventions: (1) Eat more omega-3 and less omega-6 fats, so tissues have less intense n-6 eicosanoid action, and (2) eat less food per meal to lower vascular postprandial oxidant stress. An empirical diet-tissue relationship was developed and put into an interactive personalized software program to aid informed food choices.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Balanced intraintestinal nutrition: comparison of absorption degree of selected fats and emulsions of fats.

The absorption of emulsion of soybean oil, soybean oil and molted butter was compared with that of the Intralipid preparation manufactured by Vitrum. The experiments were carried out on a dog and rats using the method of isolated intestinal fistulae. It was found that the emulsion of soybean oil prepared by the authors was absorbed in a degree similar to that of Intralipid fat emulsion and that it could be used as a component of a preparation intended for balanced non-residual intraintestinal nutrition.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Fats and oils. Determination of fat in body tissues and in food mixtures.

The official final action acid hydrolysis method, 14.019, for the determination of fat in foods was successfully applied, with slight modifications, to the analysis of homogenates of food, feces, and animal tissues as well as dry samples of mixed foods. In samples containing sucrose or fructose, it was necessary to carry out a fermentation procedure before acid hydrolysis to avoid problems encountered when these sugars were present.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2002

Essential role of fats throughout the lifecycle. Background: the renaissance of fat: roles in membrane structure, signal transduction and gene expression.

The intracellular and intramembrane profiles of fatty acids mirror those of dietary fat intake. The properties of transporter and receptor proteins embedded within cell membranes are influenced by the composition of the phospholipid membrane of cells. Many cell-signalling pathways involve lipids or lipid-derived molecules. Specific fatty acids are increasingly being identified as key regulators of gene expression and tissue differentiation.

Cell Membrane↗

PubMed1984

Dietary fat intake and blood pressure: a double blind controlled trial of changing polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio.

The effect on blood pressure of elevating the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fat (P/S) ratio was assessed in a double-blind, randomized control trial. Fifty-four healthy, normotensive volunteers aged between 20 and 59 years were randomly allocated either to a control group who ate a low P/S ratio diet throughout, or to one of two experimental groups who ate a high P/S ratio diet for one of two six-week experimental periods. Other nutrient changes were avoided. Twenty-four-hour diet records showed substantial changes in the P/S ratio when on the high P/S ratio diet, and no change in the control group or either experimental group when on the low P/S ratio diet. Relative concentrations of linoleic acid in plasma and cheek cell phospholipids were significantly increased when on the high P/S ratio diet. Changes in blood pressure, before and after adjustment for other possible confounding factors, were not related to changes in P/S ratio. It was concluded that an increase in P/S ratio per se cannot account for the previously reported blood pressure lowering effect of a vegetarian diet.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

[Excessive generalized fat embolism in acutely dystrophic fat liver (author's transl)].

We have reported about a 63 year old woman, who, 1 to 2 hours after a meal containing mushrooms, became acutely ill, sank into uncontrollable shock, and died 24 hours later. Autoptically was found an acute yellow liver dystrophy in a previously existing fatty liver. Etiologically an intoxication by Amanita phalloides could be excluded as well as any other exogenic intoxication. The cause of the acute liver dystrophy was most probably a fulminant virus hepatitis. The decay of the fatty liver cells led to an unusally severe generalized fat embolism, which morphologically is regarded as the cause of death.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1964