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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Most somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat fascia dentata do not contain the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin.

A selective loss of somatostatin (SS)-containing neurons in the hilar region has been reported in patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy. Conversely, neurons containing calcium-binding proteins such as parvalbumin (PARV) are known to be very resistant under experimental seizure conditions. In this study, we analyzed the coexistence of SS and PARV in neurons of the rat fascia dentata by using serial semi-thin cryostat sections for pre-embedding immunocytochemistry. Our results show that only 5.7% of the SS-immunoreactive hilar neurons contain PARV. The data suggest that SS-containing hilar neurons are less protected against seizure-induced calcium overload than other neurons containing calcium-binding proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Glutamate release and spreading depression in the fascia dentata in response to microdialysis with high K+: role of glia.

To see electrophysiological and neurochemical events during microdialysis with high [K+], direct current (DC) and excitatory postsynaptic field potentials (fEPSPs) due to perforant path stimulation were recorded in the granule cell layer of the fascia dentata, while 3, 25, 50 or 100 mM KCl was perfused through a microdialysis probe placed 1.5 mm from the recording electrode. Glutamate and glutamine content of the dialysate was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Raising [K+] from 3 to 25 mM reduced the efflux of glutamine, without affecting that of glutamate or the electrical activity. In about 50% of experiments, 50 mM K+ induced large (20-30 mV) negative waves of spreading depression (SD), and a suppression of fEPSPs. In the other 50%, without SD, fEPSPs did not change. Glutamate efflux increased 3-fold in both groups. SD waves were produced in all experiments with 100 mM K+ which evoked a more than 10-fold increase in glutamate release. Glutamine efflux decreased equally, by about 50%, with the 3 concentrations of K+. Microdialysis with 20 mM fluoroacetate, a glial metabolic poison, decreased the spontaneous efflux of glutamine and glutamate and increased the incidence of SD waves. Results suggest that perfusion of 50 or 100 mM K+ through a microdialysis probe causes spreading depression which blocks surrounding electrical activity. The activity of glia partly protects against spreading depression caused by high [K+].

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Experience with the tensor fasciae latae free flap.

Six cases of reconstruction using the tensor fasciae latae myocutaneous free flap are described and in three of these a neuro-sensory flap was used. Four cases involved a lower limb reconstruction, one an upper limb reconstruction and one an abdominal wall reconstruction. Reduction of the bulk of the flap by transection of the muscle between the superior and inferior branches of the vascular pedicle was performed in four cases. One case of partial failure occurred in the lower limb group.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1981

Desensitization-like changes in GABA receptor binding of rat fascia dentata after entorhinal lesion.

Destruction of the hippocampal perforant path fibers reduced the binding of [3H]GABA to membranes prepared from the rat fascia dentata. This result could be detected 1--4 months after surgery, but not in 10 days or less. Such a delayed response appears most compatible with a transsynaptic effect on GABA receptors. Values of low affinity KD and Bmax decreased by about 65%, but no changes were detected in high affinity binding, Hill slope or pharmacological specificity. These findings are consistent with a desensitization of postsynaptic low affinity GABA receptors, possible caused by excessive release of GABA.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Perforant path lesion depletes glutamate content of fascia dentata synaptosomes.

Destruction of the hippocampal perforant path fibers reduces the glutamate content of a crude synaptosomal fraction of the rat fascia dentata by about 40%, but does not reduce the aspartate content. This result supports the hypothesis that the perforant path fibers use glutamate as their transmitter. Since a perforant path lesion reduces the glutamate content of dentate homogenates to a much lesser degree, the reduction in synaptosomal glutamate may be offset by an increase in extraterminal glutamate stores. Thus, when evaluating the possible transmitter role of glutamate or aspartate, one can probably gain more definitive information by measuring the glutamate and aspartate content of a synaptosomal preparation than of the target region as a whole.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Responses of cells of the rat fascia dentata to prolonged stimulation of the perforant path: sensitivity of hilar cells and changes in granule cell excitability.

Recent studies have shown that prolonged stimulation of afferents of the rat fascia dentata in vivo leads to the development of chronic epileptiform activity of the dentate granule cell region, and degeneration of certain cell types in the adjacent hilus. To investigate the development of dentate hyperexcitability and the selective vulnerability of hilar cells, the hippocampal slice preparation offers an in vitro model in which cellular mechanisms can be examined. We have recorded intracellularly from granule cells and hilar cells in tissue slices from rat before, during, and following sustained stimulation of the major afferent input to the dentate gyrus, the perforant path. Results from intracellular studies in slices were consistent with in vivo studies. Hilar cells were far more sensitive to short-term or prolonged perforant path stimulation than granule cells. At a time when the granule cell population response was not affected by prolonged stimulation, simultaneous recordings from hilar cells and some granule layer interneurons showed that these cells were already depolarized, had very low input resistance, and showed other electrophysiological changes indicative of deterioration. In contrast, granule cells generally hyperpolarized during stimulation and their input resistance increased; no signs of injury were evident in granule cells. Some stimulus-induced changes in the physiological characteristics of granule cells, such as decreased spike frequency adaptation and reduced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, may contribute to the development of dentate hyperexcitability.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Layer-specific sprouting of commissural fibres to the rat fascia dentata after unilateral entorhinal cortex lesion: a Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin tracing study.

After unilateral entorhinal cortex lesion commissural fibres to the inner molecular layer of the rat fascia dentata are said to sprout into the former termination zone of entorhinal afferents. This sprouting process has not yet been demonstrated at the level of individual fibres. In the present study, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin tracing was used to analyse the commissural projection to the inner molecular layer in rats with longstanding entorhinal cortex lesions. In comparison with controls, the commissural fibre plexus in the inner molecular layer had expanded by 20-45 microns outwards on the side of the entorhinal lesion. Unexpectedly, only a small number of axons arising from the bulk of commissural fibres in the inner molecular layer left the main fibre plexus and entered the outer molecular layer. Thus, there was still a clearly recognizable border between the Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin-labelled commissural fibre plexus in the inner molecular layer and the unstained outer molecular layer. The few commissural axons invading the outer molecular layer rarely branched but formed multiple en passant boutons, and occasionally exhibited growth cones. The data indicate that only few commissural fibres appear to be able to sprout beyond the border of their appropriate layer suggesting that the characteristic laminar specificity of hippocampal afferents is largely retained following deafferentation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Distal rupture of the palmaris longus tendon and fascia as a cause of acute carpal tunnel syndrome.

Acute carpal tunnel syndrome is rare compared with its more chronic presentation. Previous reports in the literature have documented the most common causes. Rupture of the distal palmaris longus tendon into the palmaris fascia as a cause of an acute carpal tunnel syndrome has not been reported previous to this case report. Partial rupture of the tendon and hemorrhage around its insertion produced intrinsic compression on the transverse ligament and the underlying nerve.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Polarity and length of actin filaments at the fascia adherens of the cardiac intercalated disk.

Digestion of canine and bovine intercalated disks with a calcium-activated protease (CAF) removes the electron-dense material similar to that found at the Z-line and presumably consisting primarily of alpha-actinin. The major filaments exposed by CAF are actin, and the polarity is away from the intercalated disk, as was confirmed by decoration with heavy meromyosin. The length of actin filaments associated with the fascia adherens region at the concave region is 1.2- to 2.2-fold that of actin filaments (I-filaments) in the sarcomere and varies depending on the interdigitation of the membrane at the cell junction. Actin filaments at the intercalated disk seem to be attached (or very close) to the membrane in a direct, rather than looping, manner.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progressive behavioral changes during the maturation of rats with early radiation-induced hypoplasia of fascia dentata granule cells.

Localized exposure of the neonatal rat brain to X-rays produces neuronal hypoplasia specific to the granule cell layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. This brain damage causes locomotor hyperactivity, slowed acquisition of passive avoidance tasks and long bouts of spontaneous turning (without reversals) in a bowl apparatus. Here we report how these behavioral deficits change as a function of subject aging and behavioral test replications. Portions of the neonatal rat cerebral hemispheres were X-irradiated in order to selectively damage the granule cells of the dentate gyrus. The brains of experimental animals received a fractionated dose of X rays (13 Gy total) over postnatal days 1 to 16 and control animals were sham-irradiated. Rats between the ages of 71-462 days were tested 3 separate times on each of the following 3 behavioral tests: 1) spontaneous locomotion, 2) passive avoidance acquisition, and 3) spontaneous circling in a large plastic hemisphere. Rats with radiation-induced damage to the fascia dentata exhibited long bouts of slow turns without reversals. Once they began, irradiated subjects perseverated in turning to an extent significantly greater than sham-irradiated control subjects. This irradiation effect was significant during all test series. Moreover, in time, spontaneous perseverative turning was significantly potentiated in rats with hippocampal damage but increased only slightly in controls. Early radiation exposure produced locomotor hyperactivity in young rats. While activity levels of controls remained fairly stable throughout the course of the experiment, the hyperactivity of the irradiated animals decreased significantly as they matured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed2004

A randomized comparison of tension-free vaginal tape and endopelvic fascia plication in women with genital prolapse and occult stress urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare 2 anti-incontinence procedures in women who had severe genital prolapse and potential stress incontinence. STUDY DESIGN: In addition to vaginal reconstructive surgery, 50 patients with stage II or higher anterior defect and a positive stress test result with prolapse reduction received either tension-free vaginal tape or plication of the endopelvic fascia. Preoperative evaluation included history, physical examination, stress test, and urodynamic assessment. Data were analyzed with the Student t test, the Fisher's exact test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was similar for both groups, 26 and 24 months. Subjective (96% vs 64%; P=.01) and objective (92% vs 56%; P<.01) continence rates were higher after the tension-free vaginal tape procedure. Time for the resumption of spontaneous voiding, rates of urinary retention, or de novo urge incontinence were similar in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Tension-free vaginal tape can be recommended for patients with prolapse and occult stress incontinence.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Severe cicatrical ectropion: repair with a large advancement flap and autologous fascia sling.

We present a 35-year-old male who, 9 years ago, had his right orbit and face injured in a gun blast accident resulting in severe cicatrical ectropion of the right lower lid. A large advancement facial flap with incision at the naso-labial fold was designed to repair the skin defect, and a strip of autologous fascia lata was grafted in the lower lid to serve as a static sling. The facial flap was dissected and elevated at the subcutaneous fat layer. With adequate separation of the flap and suspension sutures at the undersurface of the flap, tension free closure of the wound was obtained and the ectropion completely corrected. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient very satisfied with the results.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Collagen deposition around polypropylene tapes implanted in the rectus fascia of female rats.

OBJECTIVE: Implantation of the mesh induces a foreign-body reaction followed by the development of connective tissue that may alter tape property. The aim of our study was to evaluate the deposition of collagen in the vicinity of monofilament tension-free vaginal tape (TVT; Ethicon Inc., Johnson & Johnson) and multifilament intravaginal slingplasty (IVS; Tyco Healthcare) polypropylene tapes implanted in female rats. METHODS: The samples of the meshes (10 mg each) were implanted in the rectus fascia of 14 Wistar female rats and removed after 42 days. Collagen was extracted with 0.5 M acetic acid and subsequently with pepsin (1 mg/ml in 0.5 M acetic acid). Collagen concentration was measured using Sircol Collagen Assay (Biocolor Ltd.) and normalised for milligrams of tape weight. For histological examination, tape samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin or with silver for type III collagen. RESULTS: The total amount of collagen extracted did not differ significantly between TVT and IVS samples. For both tapes, extraction with acetic acid yielded a higher amount of collagen (about 70%) than extraction with pepsin. On histological examination, less densely packed bundles of collagen fibres and a slightly more intense inflammatory reaction were observed with TVT compared with IVS mesh. CONCLUSION: The total amount of collagen deposited around the polypropylene mesh implanted in female rats was similar for TVT and IVS meshes, but differences were noted in the arrangement of the collagen fibres and the intensity of the inflammatory reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Ret, GFRalpha-1, GFRalpha-2 and GFRalpha-3 receptors in the human hippocampus and fascia dentata.

The immunohistochemical occurrence and localization of the receptor components of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands, the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and GDNF family receptor (GFR) alpha-1 to -3, is described in the human post-mortem hippocampal formation at pre- and full-term newborn, and adult age. Two different antibodies for each of the four-receptor molecules were used. Western blot analysis indicates that the availability of GFRalpha receptor proteins may vary with age and post-mortem delay. The immunohistochemical detectability of GFRalpha-1, GFRalpha-2, GFRalpha-3 and Ret receptor molecules is shown in the rat up to 72 h post-mortem. In the human specimens, labelled neuronal perikarya were detectable for each receptor protein at all examined ages, with prevalent localization in the pyramidal layer of the Ammon's horn and hilus and granular layer of the fascia dentata. In the adult subjects, abundant punctate-like structures were also present. Labelled glial elements were identifiable. Comparison of the pattern of immunoreactive elements among young and adult subjects suggests that the intracellular distribution of the GDNF family ligands may vary between pre- and perinatal life and adult age. The results obtained suggest the involvement of the Ret and GFRalpha receptors signalling in processes subserving both the organization of this cortical region during development and the functional activity and maintenance of the mature hippocampal neurons.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Randomized prospective comparison of needle colposuspension versus endopelvic fascia plication for potential stress incontinence prophylaxis in women undergoing vaginal reconstruction for stage III or IV pelvic organ prolapse. The Continence Program for Women Research Group.

OBJECTIVE: Severe prolapse may mask potential genuine stress urinary incontinence in women. Some have suggested that a suspending urethropexy be performed in women who have potential genuine stress incontinence demonstrated by barrier reduction of the prolapse preoperatively. Our aim was to compare outcomes after prolapse surgery that included a formal bladder neck suspension with those operations that did not. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective randomized clinical trial assigned 32 women with bladder neck hypermobility and stage III or IV pelvic organ prolapse to receive either a needle colposuspension or bladder neck endopelvic fascia plication as part of the vaginal reconstructive surgery. Twenty-nine subjects underwent detailed clinical, anatomic, urodynamic, and quality-of-life evaluations before and 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery; 23 completed urinary diary and quality-of-life evaluations after a mean of 2.9 years. RESULTS: Needle colposuspension increased short-term complications without providing additional protection from de novo stress incontinence. Barrier testing before surgery predicted urethral sphincteric resistance after surgery; however, such testing neither predicted a patient's function after surgery nor indicated the need for a suspending urethropexy. The combination of a needle colposuspension with a sacrospinous ligament suspension predisposed to the early development of support defects of the upper anterior vaginal segment and to failure of bladder neck support. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative barrier testing in women with severe prolapse is not useful in identifying individuals who require a suspending urethropexy. Needle colposuspension increases short-term complications, lacks durability, and may predispose to early and severe recurrent anterior prolapse when performed with a sacrospinous ligament vault suspension.

Aged↗