Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FAMILY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Career involvement and family involvement as moderators of relationships between work-family conflict and withdrawal from a profession.

This study extended prior analyses by J. H. Greenhaus, K. M. Collins, R. Singh, and S. Parasuraman (1997) by examining relationships between 2 directions of work-family conflict (work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict) and withdrawal from public accounting. The sample consisted of 199 members of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (135 men and 64 women) who were married or in a long-term relationship and who had 1 or more children. It was found that work-to-family conflict (but not family-to-work conflict) was positively related to withdrawal intentions. In addition, relationships of work-to-family conflict with withdrawal intentions and withdrawal behavior were stronger for individuals who were relatively uninvolved in their careers than for those who were highly involved in their careers. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

["If we don't have a family, we don't have a life!" Conceptions of popular class families caregivers of frail elderly people].

This research has a quality input that aims to reveal the concepts of popular class families caregivers of frail elderly people at their home, concerning the aspects that involve the meaning of care taking to the frail elderly in the family context. The methodology used is a case study of the ethnological kind. The data were collected by means of participant observation and interview with four families. Through the data analysis four themes related to the families conceptions were identified: the meaning of health-sicken, the meaning of family, the meaning of old age, the meaning of taking care of a frail elderly family member.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The development of family health nurses and family nurse practitioners in remote and rural Australia.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organisation HEALTH21 strategy has firmly placed families and family oriented services at the core of health care delivery. OBJECTIVE: In this article we argue that a fundamental reorganisation of primary health care practices in remote and rural Australia needs to be undertaken. DISCUSSION: Nurses have been shown to be equally effective and less costly than general practitioners. Family nurse practitioners should be a first point of contact, and family health nurses should be responsible for responding to problems of multiple deprivation and social exclusion in remote and rural areas. These practitioners would, in their respective areas of responsibility, identify, diagnose, refer or treat individuals, families and communities. In effect they would act as gatekeepers to health and social care services. Family health nurses would also aim to support the community in developing and sustaining the capacity to take responsibility for its own health and social care. The main obstacles to these initiatives are concerns of general practitioners and nurses, the inertia of large organisations when faced with the need to undertake radical change and the highly unionised and rule bound nature of Australian nursing.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of expressed emotion in families of patients with eating disorders: using the Camberwell Family Interview on a Spanish sample.

INTRODUCTION: The level of expressed emotion (EE) in the family members has been related to several clinical and outcome related factors in patients with eating disorders. This study aimed to study the levels of EE in families of patients with eating disorders using the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) in order to determine whether they were similar to those reported in other studies developed outside Spain. METHODS: Seventy-one parents of 43 eating disorders patients were evaluated using a Spanish version of the CFI. RESULTS: In our sample, 46.5 % of the families had EE high levels. There were no significant differences between mothers and fathers in global scores, but mothers tended to have higher emotional overinvolvement with the patient. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of families that had high EE in our sample was lower than that reported for families with a member with schizophrenia and slightly higher than that detected in other studies on eating disorders. Mothers tended to have higher EE levels than fathers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing intervention with the family of the critically ill patient. Videotape: an option for family orientation to the critical care unit.

It is important for the critical care nurse to consider the family of the patient in all phases of care to the individual within the critical care setting. The family's structure and usual patterns of functioning will be significantly altered by the illness of one member. By using an "Orientation to the Critical Care Unit" program for the family as well as the impact variables involved, the nurse is better able to assist the family cope with the situation within. (This video orientation program was implemented at a hospital in Northeastern Ohio in 1988 and is currently being shown to families of critical care patients. Feedback from nursing staff and family members has proven to be very positive.

Communication↗
PubMed1989

Self-reports of differentiation of self and marital compatibility as related to family functioning in the third and fourth stages of the family life cycle.

Using Bowen's, Olson's, and general systems frameworks, this investigator tested relationships among individual, marital, and family functioning in the stressed childrearing stages of the family life cycle. Sixty volunteer married couples completed the Level of Differentiation of Self Scale (LDSS), Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test (MAT), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES) III. A significant canonical correlation was found among differentiation of self and marital compatibility as they both relate to family functioning. Subsequent canonical correlations were significant for wives but not for husbands, indicating gender differences in relationships among perceived individual, marital, and family phenomena. The concept of adaptability as proposed by Olson's Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Functioning was not supported. A revised model is proposed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interviewing style and response to family information by family practice residents.

The visits of 50 new patients seeing 20 family practice residents were audiotaped. Analysis of transcripts of all conversation involving family-related content showed that the resident physicians used a high control interviewing style consisting mostly of closed-end questions and declarative statements. They rarely asked open-end questions. After eliciting family information, the residents missed numerous opportunities to express empathy or concern verbally. The physicians seldom connected family information obtained during the visit with the patient's ongoing or potential health problems. Of 12 patients reporting a life-threatening familial illness in a close relative, only one received any relevant patient education. The closed style of interviewing appeared to interfere with the physicians' gathering and responding to family information.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1987

The quality of obstetric care in family practice: are family physicians as safe as obstetricians?

A literature review on the quality of obstetric care in family practice was conducted to determine whether family physicians are as competent in providing obstetric care as obstetricians. Three types of studies were reviewed: case series, historical cohorts, and population-based studies. No conclusion on the quality of obstetric care in family practice can be drawn from the available studies because of research design limitations. Available evidence suggests, however, that family physicians are as safe as obstetricians when delivering babies, particularly when they concentrate their efforts on providing personal prenatal care, refer high-risk pregnant women appropriately, and practice less technologically oriented care on women who deliver normal-weight babies. In addition, no evidence emerged that family physicians provided significantly poorer obstetric care than obstetricians. In fact, the results from population-based studies suggest that family physicians may be safer than obstetricians in delivering normal-weight infants because of their hypothesized less use of technological interventions in that low-risk group of patients. Further studies, especially prospective randomized trials in which the outcomes are assessed in a blinded fashion and case mix is rigorously controlled, are needed to provide a definitive answer. As practical, ethical, and economic constraints are likely to preclude such studies, the case-control design may provide a reasonable alternative.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1983

Adaptation of families with mentally retarded children: a model of stress, coping, and family ecology.

Research concerned with families of mentally retarded children has often yielded inconsistent, and at times, contradictory findings. This inconsistency is partly due to methodological inadequacies and a narrow focus on unidimensional variables with unimodal measurements. In addition, no succinct model has been presented to explain family adaptation and the range of possible outcomes. In this paper a critical review focused on parents, siblings, parent-child interactions, and family systems was presented. A comprehensive conceptual model was proposed that accounts for (a) the range of possible familial adaptations, both positive and negative, involving the impact of perceived stress associated with the presence of a retarded child; and (b) the family's coping resources and ecological environments as interactive systems that serve to mediate the family's response to stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Validity and reliability of the family APGAR as a test of family function.

This paper offers evidence to support the use of the Family APGAR as a reliable, validated, utilitarian instrument to measure a subject's satisfaction with five components of family function. Mean total Family APGAR scores for several population groups are reported along with associated validity and reliability studies. A study from Taiwan supports the use of the Family APGAR in student populations 10 years of age and older. Studies are now under way to examine the use of the Family APGAR to correlate family function satisfaction with utilization of medical facilities, somatization, compliance, and the outcome of health problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Detection of eight BRCA1 mutations in 10 breast/ovarian cancer families, including 1 family with male breast cancer.

Genetic epidemiological evidence suggests that mutations in BRCA1 may be responsible for approximately one half of early onset familial breast cancer and the majority of familial breast/ovarian cancer. The recent cloning of BRCA1 allows for the direct detection of mutations, but the feasibility of presymptomatic screening for cancer susceptibility is unknown. We analyzed genomic DNA from one affected individual from each of 24 families with at least three cases of ovarian or breast cancer, using SSCP assays. Variant SSCP bands were subcloned and sequenced. Allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization was used to verify sequence changes and to screen DNA from control individuals. Six frameshift and two missense mutations were detected in 10 different families. A frameshift mutation was detected in a male proband affected with both breast and prostate cancer. A 40-bp deletion was detected in a patient who developed intra-abdominal carcinomatosis 1 year after prophylactic oophorectomy. Mutations were detected throughout the gene, and only one was detected in more than a single family. These results provide further evidence that inherited breast and ovarian cancer can occur as a consequence of a wide array of BRCA1 mutations. These results suggests that development of a screening test for BRCA1 mutations will be technically challenging. The finding of a mutation in a family with male breast cancer, not previously thought to be related to BRCA1, also illustrates the potential difficulties of genetic counseling for individuals known to carry mutations.

BRCA1 Protein↗
PubMed1994

Family characteristics and offspring growth in various countries. II. Stature of offsprings in various families in Japan and Korea.

The stature of 1219 offspring was examined in 578 families in Japan, and of 672 offspring in 265 families in Republic of Korea. Several traits of parents were investigated, on which using factor analysis four latent factors were extracted. In Japan they consisted of parent's age at child birth (F1), culture level and income (F2), family and apartment size (F3), and genetic factor (F4). The same factors were identified in Korea, but the first two in reverse order. The value of each factor was coded as one when below the median and as 2 when above the median. Using this code, 16 family types were distinguished ranging from 1111 to 2222. The stature of offspring was recalculated in age-independent T-scores. In Japan, family types "maximizing" the stature of offspring were 1122 for boys and 1222 for girls, whereas in Korea 1222 for both sexes, opposite were "minimizing". In the rich populations representing the civilization of the Far East, the factors promoting tall stature of offspring included the low culture-income factor and large family, thus the factors promoting short stature in poor Polish populations belonging to the Western civilization. It is not clear whether this could have been related to the economic status or to different civilization systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the content of army family practice with nonfederal family practice.

BACKGROUND: To assist with planning for education and practice, family physicians should know the practice content of their practices. The present study compared the content of nonfederal family practice with Army family practice to explore their differences. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis that compared the similar variables within two national data sets: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the Army's Ambulatory Care Data Base. RESULTS: Army patients were younger and more likely to be female than were nonfederal patients. Army family physicians spent more time with patients in all groups than did nonfederal family physicians. While 12 of the top 20 diagnosis clusters of each sector were the same, there were differences found in the percentages of total visits contained within the top 20 clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Both nonfederal and Army family practice have a wide variation in patients and diagnoses. The two sectors are different in patient age and the frequency of different diagnoses. Knowledge of these differences can assist with planning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Families need help too: group treatment for families of nursing home residents.

Despite long-standing interest in the family as the focal point of nursing care, there are few published reports of clinical interventions with families after they institutionalize an elderly relative. Family members experience loss, guilt, and grief, and report that these emotions continue throughout the time that their older member is in the nursing home. This paper presents the rationale for using a supportive, educational group approach with families of nursing home residents and describes a family group intervention, detailing the role of the geriatric mental health nurse specialist, group goals, and the focus of each session. Evaluations by families and staff are presented, and recommendations for practice are made.

Family↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Coping in the family context: active and avoidance strategies in adolescents from divorced families].

Studies on children's response to divorce have mainly emphasized negative psychological sequalae such as poor social adjustment and emotional disorders. In many studies children's coping strategies were important moderator variables. In a meta-analysis, Suls and Fletcher (1985) found better short-term outcomes related to avoidant coping. On the long run, however, active strategies were better off. To date, little is known about family climate influences on adolescents' coping. In the current study, 128 children (62 girls, 66 boys) from German middle class families were observed 6 months, 1, 2, and 7 years after the divorce of their parents. At the time of divorce their mean age was 14,8 years (SD = 2,5). The models presented in this article are based on 39 adolescents (17 girls, 22 boys) for whom complete data were available. The study relates adolescents' coping strategies to measures of family functioning, as assessed through Family Environment Scale (Moos 1974). Coping strategies were assessed by Ways of Coping (Lazarus 1980), Impact of Event Scale (Horowitz 1979), and Stressverarbeitungs-Fragebogen (Janke 1985). Results, analyzed with LISREL models, indicate that supportive family climate, operationalized by openness and control, are good cumulative predictors for active coping. In a second model constraining family climates predicts avoidant coping in adolescents. Clinical implications are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Breast cancer and family history: levels of lipid-associated sialic acid in plasma and absent family history of breast cancer in women who have breast tumors.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has a strong genetic component, and at least two breast cancer genes exist. But these genes probably play little role in most breast cancers. Other factors, such as environmental estrogens and diet, may cause the genetic changes involved in the genesis of sporadic breast cancer. A method of observing genetic changes indirectly might be to measure tumor markers known to be associated with breast cancer. METHODS: We measured, by biochemical extraction and partition, lipid-associated sialic acid in plasma (LASA-P), a circulating tumor marker, in a group of 239 women with benign or malignant breast tumors. RESULTS: The concentration of LASA-P was elevated in women with both benign and malignant tumors and no family history of breast cancer (p = 0.046, one-way ANOVA). Because LASA-P levels rise with age and number of pregnancies, we analyzed our data using multiple linear regression. Benign versus malignant character of the tumor, family history of breast cancer, number of pregnancies, and age were the independent variables. Family history of breast cancer had a significant effect on LASA-P levels (p = 0.0146) independent of the effects of age (p = 0.011), number of pregnancies (0.012), and whether the tumor was benign or malignant (p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that elevated LASA-P in women with breast tumors and no family history of breast cancer is a result of the genetic changes occurring in nonfamilial breast cancer. These genetic changes, possibly related to environmental estrogens or other environmental factors, are distinct from the changes due to mutations of BRCA1 or other familial breast cancer genes. Moreover, the elevation of LASA-P suggests that the surface membranes of breast cancer may differ in composition. Further study may lead to exact characterization of the genetic and cell membrane changes associated with familial and nonfamilial breast tumors, and perhaps to better methods of breast cancer prevention and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

When "the family" is not one voice: conflict in caregiving families.

Caregiving families rarely have one voice. This article presents a theoretical framework for normative family conflict in chronic care, identifies types of family conflict, and describes educational and case management models to prevent, identify, buffer, or potentially help resolve family care conflicts that pose barriers to care. Successful application of these models can result in greater family member accessibility for support to each other and enhanced family capacity to distribute equitably and effectively care responsibilities for chronically ill relatives especially those with Alzheimer's disease and other dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Linkage of familial Wilms' tumor predisposition to chromosome 19 and a two-locus model for the etiology of familial tumors.

Familial predisposition to Wilms' tumor (WT), a childhood kidney tumor, is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. For most WT families studied, the 11p13 gene WT1 and genomic regions implicated in tumorigenesis in a subset of tumors can be ruled out as the site of the familial predisposition gene. Following a genome-wide genetic linkage scan, we have obtained strong evidence (log of the odds ratio = 4.0) in five families for an inherited WT predisposition gene (FWT2) at 19q13.3-q13.4. In addition, we observed loss of heterozygosity at 19q in tumors from individuals from two families in which 19q can be ruled out as the site of the inherited predisposing mutation. From these data, we hypothesize that alterations at two distinct loci are critical rate-limiting steps in the etiology of familial WTs.

Child, Preschool↗