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Results for “DIURESIS AND DIURETICS”

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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Omapatrilat: neurohormonal and pharmacodynamic profile when administered with furosemide.

Pharmacodynamic effects of combination therapy with omapatrilat and furosemide were evaluated. Two groups of 13 healthy subjects each received furosemide 20 mg dailyfor 15 days coadministered with either placebo on days 6 to 15 or omapatrilat 10 mg on days 6 to 10 and 25 mg on days 11 to 15. In the omapatrilat group, urinary excretion of atrial natriuretic peptide increased, and greater blood pressure reductions were seen compared with placebo. Concomitant omapatrilat treatment did not affect the acute diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis observed with chronic administration of furosemide. Neither effective renal plasma flow nor glomerularfiltration rate changed in either treatment group. No clinically significant safety issues were observed. Daily coadministration of omapatrilat 10 or 25 mg with furosemide 20 mg does not affect the pharmacodynamics offurosemide at steady state.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The influence of mannitol on renal function during and after open-heart surgery.

Mannitol is often included in the priming solution of the heart-lung machine used during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study was set up to evaluate the effect of different doses of mannitol on human patients. Patients receiving 10 g of mannitol (n = 18) had an increased diuresis only during the bypass period (mean time = 87 min) when compared with a control group (n = 19) who did not receive mannitol. Patients receiving 20 g of mannitol (n = 19) had a significantly greater diuresis than both the control group and the 10 g group and the diuresis continued on throughout the immediate postbypass period (total mean time approximately 3 h). Patients receiving 30 g of mannitol (n = 20) also had a significantly greater diuresis that continued on during the first hour in the intensive care unit (ICU) (total mean time approximately 4 h). After 6 h in the ICU, all three groups of mannitol-treated patients equally demonstrated a trend towards an increased diuresis over the control group, which became a significant increase by 12 h in the ICU (p = 0.001) despite indications that the mannitol had been cleared from the body. These results suggest that there is an improvement of renal function post-CPB if mannitol is included in the CPB prime which may be due to an amelioration of the ischaemic effects of bypass on the kidneys.

Body Water↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of hypercalcemia.

The indications, effectiveness, and adverse effects of the numerous treatment modalities for hypercalcemia are presented. Results of a retrospective chart review of 72 admissions (53 patients) for hypercalcemia-related diseases are presented to emphasize the therapeutic principles that should be applied in the management of these patients. Hydration, forced diuresis, oral phosphates, and glucocorticosteroid drugs are common therapeutic approaches. Combination therapy with glucocorticosteroid drugs, oral phosphates, and forced diuresis is utilized to take advantage of multiple mechanisms of action. Outpatient therapy for hypercalcemia consists primarily of glucocorticosteroid agents and oral phosphates. Most patients are treated if the serum calcium level is greater than or equal to 12 mg/dL. An algorithm is presented to assist the clinician in selecting the most efficacious treatment plan.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pre-clinical toxicological studies with muzolimine.

Toxicological studies were carried out to assess the acute, sub-chronic and embryotoxicity of muzolimine, administered orally to a number of animal species. The results showed that muzolimine had only slight acute toxicity, of the same degree in the mouse, rat, rabbit and dog. In the sub-chronic toxicity studies over 90 days, the presenting symptom in rats and dogs was a pronounced diuresis and, apart from the kidney, no other organ or organ systems were impaired. Macroscopic and microscopic changes in the kidney were the pharmacological result of overdosage, i.e. excessive diuresis, and not due to typical toxic renal damage. Embryotoxicity studies on pregnant rats and rabbits showed that toxic (rat) or lethal doses (rabbits) had no embryotoxic or teratogenic effects.

Animals↗