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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Analysis of mortality by civil status. Tumors of the digestive system].

Mortality data for the years 1981-1984 have been analyzed by marital status, sex and residence area. Results show high levels of mortality in widowers and widows, especially in areas with high mortality risks. In stomach cancer the widowers/widows mortality excess, compared to married and unmarried, is constant all over the country and does not change in the areas with high levels of mortality. Also for liver cancer mortality the widows show, everywhere, a constant excess compared to unmarried women. Widowers and unmarried men, if resident in north-west, show similar rates; while mortality levels for unmarried men approach those of married ones as the latitude of residence areas decreases and in the south they are equal. Mortality by ages confirms differences by marital status and shows, for many sites, larger variation in the age classes younger than 65-69 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Digestive system neoplasms originating from the autonomic nervous system. Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic issues].

The gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors (GAN tumor) are uncommon stromal tumors of the intestinal tract and retroperitoneum. The distinction of GAN tumors from other gastrointestinal stromal tumors is based on electron microscopic findings. However further study of additional cases is needed to fully characterize both their gross and microscopic features and to further characterize the natural history of such tumors. In the present study we report two cases of GAN tumor that arose from the stomach and small intestinal with different prognostic evolution in two patients of 73 and 65 years old. They were both treated by surgery, but only one case was successful. In addition patient 1 aged 73, died 11 months after surgical treatment with liver metastases on CT. scan. Patient 2, is clinically well five years after surgical treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Cancer of the digestive system in Circumpolar Inuit.

Cancer of the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas was studied in the Inuit populations of Alaska, Canada and Greenland. Indirect standardization to the populations in Canada, Connecticut (USA) and Denmark was used. High risk of oesophageal cancer was observed in both sexes with standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of up to 7. An increased risk of colon and rectum cancer occurred among Alaskan Inuit compared with the Inuit populations in Canada and Greenland, which had lower rates. Liver and gallbladder cancer rates were high, with SIRs of 1.5 to 4.1, whereas there were no differences in pancreatic cancer in the populations compared. Dietary habits, alcohol and tobacco consumption are believed to play an important role in most of the observed cancer patterns, but for liver cancer hepatitis B virus infection is also believed to have a causal role.

Alaska↗
PubMed1991

[Interventional radiology of the digestive system].

The authors report on the use of interventional radiology modalities in the treatment of some gastrointestinal diseases (intussusception, stenosis, hemorrhage, etc). The results are compared with literature data relative to both interventional radiology and conventional therapeutic procedures. In our series, hydrostatic reduction of ileocolic intussusception was successful in 60% of cases. Transluminal dilatation with a balloon catheter was attempted in 108 patients with alimentary tract stenosis and was successful in 93. Hemorrhage and ischemia can be treated by means of transcatheter therapy (vasopressin, embolization) and percutaneous angioplasty. Percutaneous gastrostomy appears to be an effective alternative to surgical gastrostomy. Tapeworm infections can be cured by intraduodenal injection of "Gastrografin" (Schering). The success achieved in the different applications is such as to suggest a wider use of interventional radiology procedures, for they offer a more favorable cost/benefit ratio and often yield better results than conventional techniques.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1985

The use of epidemiology, scientific data, and regulatory authority to determine risk factors in cancers of some organs of the digestive system. 1. Introduction.

Continuing concern about cancer provides an impetus for continuing efforts to reduce its incidence and improve its treatment. Efforts to improve treatment are seen as highly desirable and excite little controversy, but attempts to reduce cancer incidence by regulatory intervention raise questions about cost-benefit ratios. Difficulties of making cost-benefit decisions are compounded by the lack of adequate data, especially in the area of cancer incidence and mortality, to demonstrate that regulatory or program intervention has effected any improvement. Regulatory agencies such as Food and Drug Administration can use descriptive epidemiological methods to determine trends in disease and magnitudes of exposed populations largely from readily available data, e.g., mortality data, data from National Cancer Institute surveys, census data, and food consumption data. The goal of these studies is to identify any unexpected changes in incidence or mortality through surveillance of the available data for time trends and through probes of specific data collected during research activities or gathered in support of regulatory decisions.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

[Leiomyosarcoma of Meckel's diverticulum--a rare cause of acute hemorrhage in the lower part of the digestive system].

Meckel's diverticulum is a rare cause of haemorrhage into digestive tract in adults. A tumour arising in the diverticulum is also a rare cause of bleeding. Leiomyosarcomas represent 10-20% of malignant tumours in the small bowel and 1% of those located in the large bowel. These tumours have non-specific symptoms depending on their size, location and histology. Intestinal leiomyosarcomas may be the cause of surgical emergencies. We describe the case of an adult male with acute painless intestinal bleeding the cause of which was a leiomyosarcoma arising in Meckel's diverticulum. It was diagnosed during an acute operation. The main cause of the surgical emergency was an extremely rare complication of gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma--intestinal bleeding.

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1981

[Multiple primary malignant tumors of the digestive system].

Under analysis were 111 patients with primary multiple tumors of digestive organs. Thirty four tumors were developing synchronously, 77 were metasynchronous. Twenty five patients had lesions of one organ, 81 patients - of two organs and 5 patients of 3 organs. The radical treatment was carried on in 64 patients. Twenty six of them (40,6%) survived for more than 5 years of observations.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Digestive system of poultry lice Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera).

The alimentary canal of Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Peters has the three typical regions but differs from that of other species of Mallophaga in some respect. The posterior region of the mid-gut is slightly broader in female than in male. The mid-gut was found to have higher epithelium not in the anterior two-thirds but in the anterior one-third and in the posterior one-third part. The epithelium is higher and convoluted in the anterior part of the hind-gut region and is greatly reduced in its posterior part. The salivary apparatus consists of a pair of salivary glands and ducts, a pair of salivary reservoirs and ducts and a salivarium. Four long blind Malpighian tubules, one dorsal, one ventral and two lateral, arise from the junction of mid- and hind-gut. Each is divisible into three distinct parts in both sexes and is without any pigmentation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Hereditary factors in tumors of the digestive system].

Gastrointestinal tumours are an excellent model for the investigation of hereditary factors in cancer. Epidemiological studies on high risk population (China, Iran) evidenced a strong familiarity for esophageal cancer with up to 60% of the affected patients reporting a positive familiary history. About 10-15% of gastric cancer patients show a positive familiary history for this neoplasm. The proportion is even higher for the "diffuse" hystological type. Gastric cancer belongs to the neoplastic spectrum of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, a genetic disease with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Familial polyposis coli and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer are the two main hereditary colon cancer syndromes. Familiar aggregation have been observed in about 10% of colorectal cancer cases. As for pancreatic cancer, anedoctal reports and one case control study have shown an increased risk of pancreatic carcinoma in patients with a positive family history both for all cancers (relative risk, RR, 2), and specific for pancreatic cancer (RR: 5).

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1996

[Incidence and prevalence of digestive system tumors in Italy: estimates from mortality data].

This work presents estimates and middle-term projections of incidence and prevalence levels in Italy for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, of the stomach, and of colon and rectum. The estimation procedure was previously validated using incidence data observed by Italian cancer registries operating in limited geographical areas. Projections up to the year 2000 of mortality, incidence, and prevalence rates and estimated cohort effects are reported for stomach and colorectal cancers only. For both cancer sites, cohort effects, rather than period effects, result to be responsible for mortality and incidence dynamics. Incidence levels show a general decreasing trend for stomach cancer and an increasing one for colorectal cancer. Cumulative risk trend tends, however, to level-off for the youngest cohorts. Moreover, the well known geographical differences between the North and the South of the country seem to be progressively reducing.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of blood transfusion on development of infection in patients with malignant neoplasms of the digestive system].

BACKGROUND: Anemia affects up to 90% of cancer patients, with more than 60% requiring blood transfusion during or after treatment. AIM: To determine the influence of the allogeneic blood transfusion as a possible related factor to infection in patients with malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Charts of 400 oncological patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 200)--patients submitted to allogeneic blood transfusion and group 2 (n = 200)--non transfused patients. Both groups were evaluated and compared according to the presence and type of infection and a possible association with age, sex, types of tumors and therapeutics approach. RESULTS: The relation between infection and blood transfusion, as well as age, sex, management and type of presented tumors were not significant. There was no difference in the incidence of infection between the non transfused patients (28) and those submitted to allogeneic blood transfusion (31). CONCLUSIONS: In the present investigation allogeneic blood transfusion was apparently not related to development of infection in patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Monoclonal antibodies. Their usefulness in the diagnosis of malignant tumors of the digestive system].

Lately, there is a lot of interest in tumor markers, monoclonal antibodies and immunoscanning in the diagnosis and follow-up of certain cancers. The main objective of this study is to report our initial experience with the detection of specific antibodies and with the obtention of scan images. In 85.7% of patients with cancer and in 40% of patients with benign conditions, above normal values of CEA were obtained. In 85.7% of patients with cancer and in 60% of patients with benign disease, above normal values of CA 19-9 were noted. Positive scans were obtained in 83.4% of cancer patients and 13.3% negative scans; it was not useful in one case. In benign conditions 40% of the scans were positive and 60% negative. I-131 was capable of detecting tumors very clearly. The statistical analysis employed was the exact test of Fisher and the correlation was evaluated with contingency coefficients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Lymphomas and pseudolymphomas in the digestive system: histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 16 cases in Tucumán (Argentina)].

The authors reviewed all lymphoproliferative lesions involving the gastrointestinal tract diagnosed at the Centro de Salud Zenón J. Santillán Hospital, Department of Pathology, during the period (1963-1985). The histopathology of 16 lymphomas and pseudolymphomas have been studied, comparing the morphological and immunological findings. The lymphomas were reviewed by application of the Int. Working Formulation. The occurrence was 5 in the stomach, 3 in the small intestine, 4 in the large intestine and 2 in Waldeyer's Ring. In one necropsy case, multiple sites in the gastrointestinal tract were involved. In one other case the localization was only esophagic. In every case the various pathological forms of the associated mucosal changes, the localization and the depth of wall invasion were also recorded. In 4 cases (3 lymphomas and 1 pseudolymphoma) we were able to use the sections for immunohistochemical studies, which were found to be very useful as a complement to light microscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical localization of alpha- and betaA-subunits of inhibin/activin in human normal endocrine cells and related tumors of the digestive system.

Activin A and inhibin A, first isolated from the ovary, are dimeric proteins able to modulate pituitary FSH secretion. Inhibin A is a heterodimer composed of one alpha-subunit and one betaA-subunit (alpha-betaA), while activin A is a homodimer of the betaA-subunit (betaA-betaA). Their identification in several tissues has suggested that they have numerous physiological functions, acting as either paracrine or autocrine factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of activin A and inhibin A in normal endocrine cells and in 70 endocrine tumours from different sites in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system, using specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the alpha- and betaA-subunits of inhibin/activin. Immunoreactivity for the betaA-subunit, but not for the alpha-subunit, was observed in normal G, EC, and GIP cells of the antrum and duodenum, and in pancreatic A cells. BetaA-subunit expression was observed in G cell and A cell tumours, and in a few insulinomas and ileal EC cell carcinoids. The alpha-subunit was found in rare cells in 7 of the 70 tumours and was colocalized with the betaA-subunit in only 1 tumor. Specific types of endocrine cells from the gut and pancreas appear to produce only activin A, a possible paracrine or autocrine modulator. Activin A is mainly produced by tumours derived from endocrine cells that normally express it.

Activins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Computerized tomography for the study of lesions of the digestive system wall].

The authors investigated the role of CT in the study of intrinsic mural pathologic conditions originating from submucosal/muscular layers and of extrinsic conditions due to extraintestinal disease with secondary spread to the alimentary tract. According to the various diagnostic problems, either hypodense contrast agents (air, corn-oil emulsion, and water) or hyperdense contrast agents (iodine solutions, and barium suspensions) can be used to fill intestinal guts. Normal intestinal wall thickness does not exceed 5 mm. In case of intrinsic mural conditions, CT allows tumor extent to be evaluated, and, on the basis of densitometric values, makes the diagnosis of lipoma possible. As for intrinsic conditions (varices), CT yields specific findings. This is not the case with intestinal infarction, intramural hematoma, and phlogistic conditions, where CT generally shows aspecific parietal thickness. As for extrinsic mural conditions, CT demonstrates alimentary tract involvement due to phlogistic/neoplastic extraintestinal conditions, for it allows intestinal guts to be depicted, and the adjacent organs and structures. CT is a complementary method to conventional radiology and endoscopy which has given an excellent contribution to the study of mural pathologic conditions.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1976

Distribution of glucose-6-phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase in the digestive system of two teleost fishes.

The distribution and histochemical localization of G6Pase and 5-nucleotidase in the different parts of the alimentary canal of two teleost fishes, Heteropneustes fossilis and Barbus sophore have been studied. The major sites of activity of the two enzymes are intestinal mucosa and liver. G6Pase is localized in the cytoplasm of the absorptive cells of the intestinal mucosa while 5-nucleotidase is present in the cytoplasm as well as nucleus and cell membrane. In the intestine, the anterior portion shows more stronger activity than in the middle and posterior portions. Mild activity is also noticed in the mucosa and gastric glands of the stomach. G6Pase activity is stronger than 5-nucleotidase activity in all the portions. Weak 5-nucleotidase activity is found in the submucosal connective tissue and the nuclei of the intestine. The goblet cells, muscularis abd serosa are negative in all the portions. G6Pase activity is stronger in the herbivorous fish Barbus sophore than in the omnivorous form Heteropneustes fossilis. In the liver, stronger activity of two enzymes is localized in the hepatocytes surrounding the sinusoids. Connective tissue and endothelial lining are negative.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Linear endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of diseases of the digestive system].

This article reviews the recent literature on the role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) as diagnostic and therapeutic tool, defines it's place in the algorithm of diagnostic procedures and informs how to treat gastroenterologic patients evaluated by EUS. Endoscopic ultrasonography utilizes the technology of endoscopy to introduce high-frequency ultrasound probes in the upper or lower part of gastrointestinal tract to visualize gastrointestinal wall and adjacent structures. Longitudinal endoscopic probe is different, compared to radial probe, and advantage is use of Doppler technique. This method has came out as an important modality for the diagnosis and staging of benign and malignant lesions of the gut wall and surrounding structures of the mediastinum, abdomen and pelvis. It is also used as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of submucosal masses of the upper gastrointestinal tract and the rectosigmoid, for locating pancreatic endocrine tumors, and for the assessment of vascular disease. The widest application of EUS is, however, in the diagnosis and staging of esophageal, gastric, rectal, and pancreaticobiliary carcinoma. EUS has been shown to change the approach to clinical management in a significant proportion of patients to a less costly, risky, or invasive strategy.

Digestive System Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Carcinomas of the digestive system in patients under 20 years old].

Gastrointestinal cancers are very scarce for the people under twenties. Such a rarity, as misguides diagnostic trend, is responsible, in the greater part of cases, of the lag in the recognizing these neoplasm and, consequently, reduces the expectations of surviving whether medium or long term. Authors report their experience as regards to observation of two cases of malignant neoplasm of the stomach and of the recto-sigmoid joint in young patients of fourteen and nineteen years old and they emphasize the importance of a complete diagnostic route which, in spite of age, does not exclude the possibility of a neoplastic pathology in the presence of suggestive persistent symptomatology. It is underlined the importance of early diagnosis in fact survival yield is always and however dependent on a disease stage and not on age. Furthermore it is underlined that the young patient is subject to a rate of postoperative complications which is marginal compared with intervention yield, this is translated in a better responsiveness of young patient to radical and, if it is necessary, extended interventions.

Adenocarcinoma↗