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Results for “DENTAL PULP”

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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

An in vitro model of human dental pulp repair.

Pulp tissue responds to dentin injury by laying down reactionary dentin secreted by existing odontoblasts or reparative dentin elaborated by odontoblast-like cells that differentiated from precursor cells in the absence of inner dental epithelium and basement membrane. Furthermore, growth factors or active dentin matrix components are fundamental signals involved in odontoblast differentiation. In vitro, dental pulp cells cultured under various conditions are able to express typical markers of differentiation, but no culture system can re-create pulp response to dentin drilling. This paper reports the behavior of thick slices from human teeth drilled immediately after extraction and cultured from 3 days to 1 month. Results show that the damaged pulp beneath the cavity is able to develop, in vitro, some typical aspects correlated to tissue healing, evidenced by cell proliferation (BrdU-positive cells), neovascularization (positive with antitype-IV collagen antibodies), and the presence of functional (3H proline-positive) cuboidal cells close to the injured area. After 30 days of culture, elongated spindle-shaped cells can be seen aligned along the edges of the relevant dentin walls, whereas sound functional odontoblasts are well-preserved beneath healthy areas. This tissue recovery leads us to believe that such a culture model will be a useful system for testing factors regulating pulp repair.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of physiologic angiogenesis in the human using the dental pulp as an in vivo model.

With the commonly used in vivo animal models of angiogenesis, direct extrapolation of results to the human is not possible. The results presented from this study exemplify various phases of angiogenesis, from cell migration to apoptosis. This supports the use of the dental pulp of the developing human tooth as a viable model of in vivo physiologic angiogenesis.

Apoptosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Apoptosis in human and rat dental pulp.

Apoptotic cells were visualized in human premolar and rat molar pulps using either the TUNEL method, which stains DNA strand breaks by in situ nick end labeling, or labeling sections with an anti-transglutaminase antibody. Apoptotic cells were evident at the periphery of the pulp, mostly in a sub-odontoblastic location, and were more numerous in the crown than in the root region of the pulp. Most odontoblasts were unlabeled. A few apoptotic nuclei in the pulp of rat molars displayed the characteristics of chromatin condensation, as observed by electron microscopy. Many cell debris resembling apoptotic bodies were also observed. The 3 methods support the occurrence of apoptosis in the dental pulp. As this phenomenon was observed in healthy teeth apoptosis is probably involved in the regulation of the pulp cell population.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Aspartate aminotransferase activity in human healthy and inflamed dental pulps.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) seems to be an important mediator of inflammatory processes. Its role in the progression and detection of inflammatory periodontal disease has been increasingly recognized in recent years. In the present study AST activity was analyzed in normal healthy human dental pulps, in reversible pulpitis, and in irreversible pulpitis. Enzymatic AST activity showed that the control values for the healthy pulps were 4.8 +/- 0.7 units/mg of pulp tissue. In reversible pulpitis specimens the AST activity increased to 7.98 +/- 2.1 units/mg of pulp tissue. In irreversible pulpitis specimens the values decreased to 2.28 +/- 1.7 units/mg of pulp tissue. Differences between the groups (control versus reversible pulpitis and reversible pulpitis versus irreversible pulpitis) were statistically significant (p = 0.0015). These results could point to a role of AST in the early events that lead to development of pulpal inflammation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of tramadol on provoked potentials of dental pulp].

The central-acting analgetic (tramadol 50 mg) demonstrated significant effects on wave latencies of provoked potentials in females. However, the same doze had no significant effect on wave latencies of provoked potentials in males. Tramadol provoked a statistically significant reduction of all wave amplitudes of provoked potentials of dental pulp in both sexes. Thus, provoked potentials recorded under this condition gave an "objective" index of tramadol analgetic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells in human dental pulp].

The bodies of Weibel-Palade (BWP) were first described in 1964 in the endothelial cells of human and rat pulmonary arteries. They are probably present in the blood vessels of all human and animal tissues. Their high concentration in blood capillaries of human dental pulp makes this tissue is a good model for their study. 107 transverse pulpal sections of BWP were selected from 15 pulps. The distribution of the tubules in the matrix from regular patterns. A simple linear regression study showed that the transverse diameter of BWP is proportional to the number of contained tubules. The functions of the Von Willebrand factor or antigenic portion of factor VIII being stored in BWP of endothelial cells of other tissues is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of serotoninergic substances on the brain potentials evoked by stimulation of the dental pulp].

Serotonin like M-serotonin blocking agent morphine and D-serotonin blocking agent diethalamide of lysergic acid is shown by the method of intravenous microinjections to lower and T-serotonin blocking agent tipindol--to increase the amplitude of primary responses from the dental areas of the brain cortex arising in stimulation of the dental pulp. It is suggested that the seroninergic system of the brain can through the intermediary of the M- and D-serotonin-receptors raise the activity of adrenergic and lower the activity of M-cholinergic structures participating in the formation of the functional system of pain reactions. An opposite effect can be accomplished through the medium of the T-serotonin receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Expression of genes for bone morphogenetic proteins and receptors in human dental pulp.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have been shown to induce reparative dentine formation experimentally but the cells responsible, which respond to BMPs, have not been identified. The BMP signal is probably mediated by interaction of type I and II BMP receptors (R). Here, the RNA of human adult dental pulp and pulp cells in culture was examined by reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for evidence of mRNA for BMPs. mRNAs for BMP-2, -4, osteogenic protein-1, ActR-1 (activin-like kinase receptor), BMPR-IA, -IB and -II were detected by RT-PCR. The 698-bp PCR fragment for BMPR-IB was used to probe pulp cells for expression of that receptor. Cell expression of BMPR-IB was detected by the hybridization probe. The findings suggest that resident pulp cells may be able to respond to BMPs to initiate tissue formation.

Activin Receptors, Type I↗
PubMed2002

Metastatic infiltration of the dental pulp by medulloblastoma.

Medulloblastoma is an infratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumour. It is the most commonly occurring brain tumour of childhood, accounting for 15-20% of all paediatric tumours. Extracranial metastasis is rare, but may involve the skeleton. Jaw lesions, however, have never been described. A case is reported of metastases of a medulloblastoma to the jaw including the dental pulp.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Studies on the presence and functional properties of afferent C-fibers in the cat's dental pulp.

The present investigation describes how intradental afferent C-fibers can be identified and characterized in the anaesthetized cat. Functional single fibers innervating the lower canine tooth were recorded from filaments split from the inferior alveolar nerve. Fibers responding to monopolar electrical stimulation of the tooth were classified as slowly and fast conducting according to their conduction velocity (c.v.). The axonal c.v. was determined for 31 slowly conducting fibers by electrical stimulation of the nerve. Sixty-eight percent of these proved to be C-fibers. The slowly conducting fibers had higher activation thresholds, smaller amplitudes and longer durations of the action potentials than the fast conducting fibers. Many of the fast but none of the slowly conducting fibers were repetitively activated by a single stimulus pulse. The highest frequency at which the fibers responded to every stimulus pulse was much lower for the slowly than for the fast conducting fibers. Most of the slowly conducting intradental fibers tested were activated by both hot and cold stimulation of the tooth, by pressure applied to the pulp chamber and by the application of KCl or bradykinin to the pulp. Eight C-fibers responded to mechanical stimulation of the pulp. For some fibers the response magnitude correlated with the stimulus intensity. Many slowly conducting intradental fibers developed an ongoing discharge after heat and pressure stimulation. The results indicate that there exists in the dental pulp of the cat afferent C-fibers that resemble polymodal C-nociceptors. They might be involved in the generation of the dull aching pain present in inflammatory conditions of the pulp. The activation of intradental C-fibers in pulpitis might result either from the elevated pressure and/or by sensitization of the C-fiber endings by inflammatory substances released.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2006

HGF enhanced proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp cells.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is mesenchymal-derived growth factor acting through a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, c-met. HGF has multiple effects on different cells. However, its function in dentinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, the expression of HGF in human dental pulp cells (DPCs) in vitro was studied by immunostaining and RT-PCR. The effect of HGF on DPCs proliferation was determined by MTT, while its effect on cell differentiation was analyzed using ALPase activity, and further confirmed with ALP and DSPP mRNA and protein expression. Immunostaining revealed that HGF was found mainly in the cytoplasm of DPCs. RT-PCR analysis showed that both HGF and c-met were expressed from the DPCs. Exogenous addition of HGF enhanced proliferation and differentiation of DPCs by up-regulating CREB, ELK-1, and PPAR-gamma. U0126, an ERK/MAPK inhibitor, inhibited the effects of HGF on DPCs. It was concluded that HGF stimulated both proliferation and differentiation of DPCs, at least partially through the ERK/MAPK pathway.

Adult↗