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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Effect of bushen huoxue decoction on in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Bushen Huoxue decoction (BSHX) on female reproduction and elucidate its therapeutic mechanism to infertility. METHODS: The BSHX medicated serum of rabbit, as a supplement, was co-cultured with the sperm and ovum of non-copulated mice, and the 2-cell embryos of copulated female mice separately, to observe the changes of in vitro fertilization rate (IVF) and early embryogenesis rate. RESULTS: By co-cultured with BSHX medicated serum, IVF rate was increased obviously (P < 0.01), and the follow-up early embryogenesis rate at various period was promoted, particularly that of the 4-cell and 8-cell embryos (P < 0.05). No influence on developmental rate of in vitro 4-cell embryos obtained from the in vivo 2-cell embryos. But the development of the 8-cell embryos, morula, blastula and hatching were promoted significantly. CONCLUSION: BSHX could raise the fertilization rate and promote the early embryonic development.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Disorder of neuroendocrine regulation of sexual behavior of male rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes].

The present paper presents studies of the sexual behavior characteristics and the associated changes of LH releasing factor and of sex hormone receptor concentrations in hypothalamic regions involved in the regulation of sexual behavior activity and hypophyseal gonadotropic function (the anterior preoptic and mediobasal regions) of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The activities of both motivational and copulative components of sex behavior of such rats were found reduced. These changes were parallelled by LH-RH reduction in the median eminence and in the synaptosomal fraction of the anterior preoptic and mediobasal regions. An increased concentration of estradiol nuclear receptors was found in the anterior preoptic region, that may be responsible for the male feminization in diabetes and for weaker male sexual activity parameters. Blood levels of LH and FSH in experimental rats were virtually the same as in the reference animals, whereas prolactin and testosterone levels were reduced in the presence of elevated estradiol content. The majority of the detected hormonal shifts and sexual behavior characteristics normalized after compensatory insulin therapy. The authors come to a conclusion on the neuroendocrine disorders at the level of the CNS in animals with experimental diabetes during the formation of the motivational and copulative components of sexual behavior.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Application of the preparation "vitamax" in the complex treatment of chronic prostatitis complicated by sexual dysfunction].

A multivitamin complex Vitamax was given to 65 patients with chronic prostatitis who retained sexual disorders after basic treatment. Mean age of the men was 41 +/- 10 years (25-67 years). The efficacy of the drug was assessed by the data obtained with Male Copulative Function questionnaire. All the patients were found to have mixed sexual dysfunction. Vitamax was taken in a dose 2 capsules a day before a morning meal, a total of 30 capsules a course. After the treatment all the patients improved their copulative function. Thus, Vitamax is an effective drug in sexual dysfunctions related to chronic prostatitis, the efficacy being higher in young men. Side effects were absent.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Study of male mating behavior in some Drosophila melanogaster strains in experiments with fertilized females].

Male courtship ritual is among the main behavioral characteristics of Drosophila. This is a complex, genetically determined process consisting of four general stages: orientation, vibration, licking, and attempts at copulation (or successful copulation). Several genes are known that control some stages of this behavior. Most of them have pleiotropic effects and are involved in other biological processes. Earlier, we have shown that a mutation in locus flamenco (20A1-3), which controls transposition and infectivity of retrotransposon gypsy (MDG4), is involved in the genetic control of behavior. In strains mutant for this locus, the male mating activity is decreased and the structure of courtship ritual is changed. To understand the mechanisms of these changes, it is important to study all behavioral stages in genetically identical strains. For this purpose, the normal allele of gene flamenco from the X chromosome of the wild-type strain (stock) Canton S was introduced into strain SS carrying flamMS. This offers new opportunities in studying the role of gene flamenco in the control of mating behavior in Drosophila.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sexual dysfunction in males with concomitant urological diseases].

A clinical data was studied for 117 males without complaints for copulative disorders admitted to urological clinic electively for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)--44 (37.6%), urolithiasis--25 (21.4%), external genital diseases--17 (14.5%), renal cyst and hydronephrosis--16 (13.7%), renal and vesical tumors--15 (12.8%). Mean age of the patients was 56.2 +/- 16.1 years. The patients filled in IPSS and IIEF questionnaires. Mean score set (+/-SD) for IIEF and IPSS was 35 +/- 23 and 12 +/- 10, respectively. The majority of the patients (n = 61) were not sexually active. Erectile dysfunction (ED) was detected in 23 (19.7%) patients: mild and moderate in 19 (16.2%) and 4 (3.4%), respectively). 24 (73%) patients with normal erectile function, 10 (44%) patients with ED and the majority (n = 37) of sexually inactive men were satisfied with their sexual activity. Those males who needed improvement of sexual life quality had higher (p < 0.05) parameters of erectile function and sexual satisfaction. Age of the patients (R2 = 33.1; p < 0.0001) and IPSS index (p < 0.015) were leading indices in determining condition of the copulative function. IIEF correlated with tumors of the kidney or urinary bladder (p < 0.004) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (p < 0.015). Erectile dysfunction in men with urological diseases was closely related with age and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms. Other sexual disorders may be due both to general causes and urological diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spasskylepis tiunovi sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea, Hymenolepididae)--a new cestode species from shrews of the Far East].

The description of a new cestode species with a serial homonomous strobila, Spasskylepis tiunovisp. n. (Cyclophyllidea, Hymenolepididae, Ditestolepidini) from shrews (Sorex spp.) of the Far East is given. The new spesies differs from the type species of the genus, Spasskylepis ovaluteri (Schaldybin, 1964) in having oligomerous strobila and different size and structure of copulative organs. In contrast to S. ovaluteri, S. tiunovi has less than a half the number of proglottids in its strobila (48-64 versus 118-150). The cirrus of S. tiunovi (0.175-0.195 mm long) is twice as large as that of S. ovaluteri (0.080-0.100 mm long), pleated when invaginated, and armed with spines only in its first third. The copulative section of the vagina in S. tiunovi (as compared with S. ovaluteri) is very long, having loops in the median or aporal part of proglottids, and without a sphincter.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Concealed female external genitals: possible morpho-psychological clue to unique emotional and cognitive evolutionary matrix of man.

Despite genetic similarities between man and other anthropoids, the cognitive abilities of man are distinct. Inaccessible and concealed external female genitals are one of the morphological characteristics distinguishing humans from other higher primates. External female sexual organs in subhuman primates are visible and accessible in the habitual quadrupedal and occasional bipedal posture, whereas these organs in the human female are inaccessible and concealed in any posture. A prospective consequence of gradual bipedalism of hominids during evolution was a shifting of the external female genitals in an anterior direction. In the completely bipedal Homo sapiens, this resulted in the vulvo-cryptic phenomenon, i.e. concealed female genitals in humans. The unique morphology of the human female pelvis served as an obstacle to easy access of the male in the process of copulation, necessitating the female's conscious decision for sexual intercourse. This circumstance might have created a psychological basis for female propellant psychosexual manipulation of the male as a natural consequence. Also, through the process of positive selection it could have formed a basis for linking reproductive success with the development of cognitive and emotional capacities. Female consent to copulation is a conscious and complex act that would be impossible without the involvement of highly developed emotional-cognitive and memoric brain systems. Thus the extraordinary evolutionary strategy might imply a teleological link between concealed female genitals and the emotional-cognitive characteristics of man, creating a permanent promoter of further development of emotional and cognitive brain systems with an impact on all domains of everyday life.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of prostatilen in treating patients with prostatic diseases].

A clinical trial of polypeptide prostatic preparation prostatilen has been performed in 37 and 15 patients with chronic prostatitis and prostatic adenoma, respectively. The treatment resulted in attenuation of algetic and dysuria symptoms. Copulative function and spermatogenesis improved. The uroflowmetric index rose, while residual urine and leukocyte count in prostatic secretion reduced. The drug demonstrated antibacterial and immunomodulation effects in the absence of adverse reactions. Prostatilen is indicated in: chronic prostatitis, prostatic adenoma stage I, normospermatogenic and toxic sterility, interoceptive copulative dysfunction, dysuria. The drug in recommended for clinical application.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The intracavernosal administration of papaverine in the diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders in men].

The authors examined 68 patients with different forms of copulative disorders. They studied the efficacy of intracavernous administration of papaverine in the diagnosis and treatment of sexual disorders in males. A new method of diagnosis of sexual disorders of organic (vascular) nature in males was developed and practically employed. The efficacy of intracavernous administration of papaverine in the treatment of different forms of copulative disorders in males is analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Contextual conditioning and the control of copulatory behavior by species-specific sign stimuli in male Japanese quail.

Three experiments were conducted to identify species-specific sign stimuli sufficient to elicit copulatory behavior in male Japanese quail and to determine how learning is involved in the control of behavior by these sign stimuli. In Experiment 1, sexually experienced subjects were tested for copulatory behavior with a live female quail and with a model consisting of a female quail's head and neck mounted in front of a foam pad. Comparable levels of copulatory behavior were observed in the two tests, indicating that static visual cues provided by a female quail's head and neck are sufficient to elicit copulatory behavior in this species. Experiment 2 showed that male birds that previously received numerous opportunities to copulate with a live female quail in the test situation were significantly more likely to copulate with the head + neck model than were sexually inexperienced subjects. Experiment 3 showed that prior sexual experience with live quail facilitated responding to the head + neck model only if the sexual experience was provided in the same place where subjects were later tested with the model. This last finding suggests that sexual experience facilitates control of copulatory behavior by species-specific sign stimuli through contextual conditioning. Contextual conditioning may lower the threshold for sexual behavior with the result that a stimulus as impoverished as an immobile model containing only the head and neck of a female quail becomes sufficient to elicit normal levels of copulatory behavior. The results are also discussed as an example of conditioned stimulus facilitation of responding to an unconditioned stimulus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in sexual functioning in the male rat after total or anterior deafferentation of the mediobasal hypothalamus].

After complete deafferentation of the mediobasal hypothalamus in male rats, the luteinizing hormone content increased in the blood which correlated with an increasing of testosterone secretion, weight of seminal glands and additional sexual organs. Half of the operated animals preserve copulating ability. The content of folliculo-stimulating hormone in the blood of animals after the complete deafferentation was decreased, particularly in non-copulating males. After the interior deafferentation of the mediobasal hypothalamus in the rats, the luteinizing hormone and testosterone contents in the blood did not change but the weight of seminal glands and concentration of folliculo-stimulating hormone in the blood decreased. The data obtained suggest different mechanisms of control of the luteinizing and folliculo-stimulating hormones secretion in male rats, the connection of the mediobasal hypothalamus with anterior hypothalamus and preoptic area being necessary for normal secretion of the folliculo-stimulating hormone.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Fertility in intersubspecific hybrids of laboratory mice (Mus musculus domesticus) and molossinus mice (M. m. molossinus).

We studied the reproductive performance of F1 and F2 hybrids of laboratory mice (C57BL/6, B6 and BALB/c) and molossinus mice (MOM and Mol-A). The F1 x F1 crosses were fully fertile. In the F2 x F2 crosses, the copulation rate was slightly lower and the pregnancy rate was markedly depressed: only 5 out of 18 copulated females (27.8%) became pregnant in the F2 hybrids derived from the reciprocal crosses of B6 x MOM, and in the F2 hybrids from BALB/c x Mol-A crosses, the pregnancy rate was 51.4% (18/35). This low fertility was attributed mainly to the F2 females, because there was a much lower pregnancy rate (56.5%; 26/46) in the (B6 x MOM)F2 female x B6 male crosses compared with the B6 female x (B6 x MOM)F2 male crosses (80.6%; 26/32). On the other hand, the pregnant F2 females were judged to have normal reproductive ability, based on observations of the numbers of corpora lutea, implantations and live fetuses at day 14 of pregnancy. Apparently there is segregation of fertile and sterile females at the F2 generation, but it remains to be determined how the loss of fertility is brought about in the sterile F2 females.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Sexual arousal in male pigtailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina): effects of serial matings by two males.

Male sexual arousal was examined in pigtailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina), with the postejaculatory interval (PEI) used as the dependent variable. In male-female pairs, the PEI is shortened by 60% of normal (control) values if the male observes another male copulating with his female partner. This result demonstrates that the normal PEI is not an absolute male refractory period; males are capable of copulating sooner, and they will do so when presented with certain behavioral stimuli. A possible functional interpretation of the result with regard to male reproductive competition is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Weight variations of adipose tissue and ovaries and variations in the length of ovocytes in Ips sexdentatus Boern (Coleoptera: Scolytidae); relation to parasitism by nematodes].

The variations of the weight of the fat body and the ovaries, as well as the length of the maturest oocyte, have been studied in Ips sexdentatus, from the end of the maturation of pre-swarming to the 24th hour after the copulation. In the healthy Insects, the weight of the ovaries and the size of the terminal oocyte grow till the swarming, but decline slightly at the 3rd hour after the copulation; the growth recovers afterwards, at first slow, then very steep after the 12th hour. The fat body declines at the swarming, but grows distinctly at the 6th hour; its weight decreases strongly at the 12th and 18th hour, then grows again considerably at the 24th hour. The variations of the weight of the ovaries (and of the size of the terminal oocyte) may be compared with that of the fat body, if we take into consideration the being of a delay in the "response" of the ovaries. This combined variations might be agreed with important periods of the biology of the bark-beetle: swarming, slow then steep maturation of the ovaries, oviposition. In the Insects parasitized by the Nematodes Parasitaphelenchus sp., P. sexdentati (Fuchs 1937) Rühm 1956, Contortylenchus diplogaster (V. Lins 1890) Rühm 1956, the fat body and the ovaries are always slighter, and the terminal oocyte less developed than in the healthy Insects. Moreover, the fat body of the infected Insects cannot accumulate the indispensable stocks for the maturation of the oocytes, just as these one seem to want that. Therefore the maturation of the oocytes of this Insects is delayed. This delay, by accumulating itself for the successive oocytes, might explain the important reduction of the oviposition in the parasitized Insects. The effect of the Nematodes on the ovaries of Ips sexdentatus might be indirect, the direct effect being related to the fat body or to the blood. On the otherside, the abdominal fat body seems to be more affected by the parasitism than the prothoracic one.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Integration of chemosensory and hormonal cues is essential for mating in the male Syrian hamster.

Mating behavior in the male hamster is dependent upon both chemosensory and hormonal cues, and copulation is abolished if either signal is interrupted. Through reciprocal interactions of these signals, chemosensory stimuli increase circulating testosterone in the male, and the male's hormonal status influences his attraction to female pheromones. Furthermore, anatomical data suggest that these signals are transmitted through parallel pathways in separate subdivisions of the medial amygdaloid nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and medial preoptic area (MPOA). The aim of this study was to determine if the integration of chemosensory and hormonal cues is essential for mating. We combined an intracerebral implant of testosterone in BNST/MPOA with removal of a single olfactory bulb (UBx), ipsilateral or contralateral to the steroid implant. Previous studies have demonstrated that testosterone implants which stimulate androgen receptor-containing neurons in posteromedial BNST and MPOA can increase mounting in males castrated for 12 weeks. Moreover, unilateral bulbectomy alone does not prevent mating. In the present study, ipsilateral UBx prevents communication between hormonal and chemosensory circuits. Sexually experienced males were used. Twelve weeks after castration, a single olfactory bulb was removed, and each male received a testosterone-filled cannula (23 ga) directed at the MPOA. Two weeks later, sexual activity increased in six males with implants in BNST/MPOA and contralateral UBx, but copulation was not restored in eight males with ipsilateral UBx despite equivalent implant placement. This study demonstrates that communication between neurons receiving hormonal signals and chemosensory cues is required for mating behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Biology of ovarian cycles, pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the domestic cat.

Puberty in the female cat occurs between the ages of 8 and 10 months. Cats are seasonally polyoestrous, reflex ovulators. The oestrous cycle can occur as often as every 2-3 weeks. Ovulation usually occurs 24-36 h after copulation, and implantation occurs 12-13 days after copulation. The duration of gestation in the cat is 64-67 days (average 66 days). The corpora lutea secrete increasing amounts of progesterone, starting 1-2 days after ovulation. If implantation occurs, progesterone concentrations continue to increase throughout days 25-30, then slowly decline throughout the rest of pregnancy. In the absence of pregnancy, the corpora lutea reach their peak progestational activity within 10-15 days and then decline, with basal progesterone values being noted by days 30-35. Relaxin is produced by the fetoplacental unit beginning at about day 20 of gestation and continuing throughout the rest of pregnancy. Prolactin production increases from about day 35. Like those of prostaglandin F2 alpha, concentrations of prolactin plateau at about day 50 and increase abruptly just before delivery.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Ovarian and endocrine patterns associated with reproductive abnormalities in llamas and alpacas.

Ovarian activity was characterized in llamas and alpacas with hypoplastic ovaries, cystic follicles, or ovulatory failure. Ovarian follicular activity was determined by transrectal ultrasonography and urinary estrone sulfate analysis; pituitary response was determined by measurement of plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Llamas and alpacas with hypoplastic ovaries had follicles < or = 6 mm (minimal ovulatory size, 7 mm). Cystic follicles, defined as > 12 mm, were maintained for a mean of 9 days. Follicular activity in the ovary contralateral to the cystic follicle tended to be suppressed while the cystic follicle was present. Ovarian response to copulation in females with cystic follicles varied according to the stage of the cystic follicle. Animals with ovulatory failure did not release adequate luteinizing hormone after copulation, even though they had mature and normal follicles (8 to 12 mm). The cystic follicle syndrome appears to be temporary, whereas the syndromes involving hypoplastic ovaries and ovulatory failure may permanently affect fertility.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The comparative morphology of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis].

The comparative study of the morphology of invasive larvae and mature males and females T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis at the head end of the parasites has revealed 14 papillae which are located in 3 circles and 2 which are placed bilaterally, 2 amphidae, and a lanceolar stiletto with a spicular cutting edge. There are no differences in the structure of the heads of these two Trichinella species. The larval cuticle is decorated only with cross folds while longitudinal small-sized folds which are arranged in regular rows appeared in mature species. The vulva in females is located at the levels of a fifth of the body from the head, it is slit-like and oval, that in T. pseudospiralis is situated at the cuticular projection. The anus in T. pseudospiralis larvae is as a cross oval slit, that in adult females is as a hemisphere, and in adult males it is coincident with the copulation pore. As for the structure of the pseudobursa, differences are found in the size and shape of copulation processes, in the arrangement of pre- and postanal papillae against the cloaca, in the size of the formed cuticular projections in T. spiralis, in the shape of the cloacal hole. In the unscrewed copulatory bell, it opens transversely in T. spiralis and vertically in T. pseudospiralis.

Animals↗