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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Next generation autonomous wheelchair control.

Often times the physically challenged, limited to a wheelchair, also have difficulty with vision. In order to help, something must "see" for them. Therefore there must be some way for a wheelchair to know its environment, sense where it is, and where it must go. It also must be able to avoid any obstacles which are not normally part of the environment. An autonomous wheelchair will serve an important role by allowing users more freedom and independence. This design challenge is broken into four major steps: wheelchair control, environment recognition, route planning, and obstacle avoidance. The first step is to reverse engineer a wheelchair and rebuild the controls, which will be the main topic of discussion for this paper. Two big challenges with this step are high power motor control and joystick control. An H-bridge motor interface, controlled by a microprocessor, was designed for the motors. The joystick control is handled with the same microprocessor.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2004

A grid computing infrastructure for MEG data analysis.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is widely used for studying brain functions, but clinical applications of MEG have been less prevalent. One reason is that only clinicians who have highly specialized knowledge can use MEG diagnostically, and such clinicians are found at only a few major hospitals. Another reason is that MEG data analysis is getting more and more complicated, and deals with a large amount of data, and thus requires high-performance computing. These problems can be solved by the collaboration of human and computing resources distributed in multiple facilities. A new computing infrastructure for brain scientists and clinicians in distant locations was therefore developed by the Grid technology, which provides virtual computing environments composed of geographically distributed computers and experimental devices. A prototype system connecting an MEG system at the AIST in Japan, a Grid environment composed of PC clusters at Osaka University in Japan and Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, and user terminals in Baltimore was developed. MEG data measured at the AIST were transferred in real-time through a 1-GB/s network to the PC clusters for processing by a wavelet cross-correlation method, and then monitored in Baltimore. The current system is the basic model for remote-access to MEG equipment and high-speed processing of MEG data.

Computing Methodologies↗
PubMed2005

The impact of computing technology on pharmaceutical and biotech research.

Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies continue to make investments in research techniques including those using high-performance computing technology. Much of this research is fueled by the need to analyze the ever-growing store of genomic and proteomic data. However, many research and development investments, including techniques to mine newly produced genomic data, have not provided the anticipated improvements in productivity. This raises the questions of whether advancements expected from next-generation computing technology can translate into tangible benefits for pharmaceutical and biotechnology researchers, and whether researchers can capitalize on an increased understanding of biological systems using tools made more readily available in high-performance computing. The author provides some background on the source of the advancements in the computing industry and offers examples from other scientific applications that point to potential benefits in life science research.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2006

A flexible infrastructure for delivering augmented reality enabled transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is the process in which electrical activity in the brain is influenced by a pulsed magnetic field. Common practice is to align an electromagnetic coil with points of interest identified on the surface of the brain, from an MRI scan of the subject. The coil can be tracked using optical sensors, enabling the targeting information to be calculated and displayed on a local workstation. In this paper we explore the hypothesis that using an Augmented Reality (AR) interface for TMS will improve the efficiency of carrying out the procedure. We also aim to provide a flexible infrastructure that if required, can seamlessly deploy processing power from a remote high performance computing resource.

Computing Methodologies↗
PubMed2006

Extraction of gene-disease relations from Medline using domain dictionaries and machine learning.

We describe a system that extracts disease-gene relations from Medline. We constructed a dictionary for disease and gene names from six public databases and extracted relation candidates by dictionary matching. Since dictionary matching produces a large number of false positives, we developed a method of machine learning-based named entity recognition (NER) to filter out false recognitions of disease/gene names. We found that the performance of relation extraction is heavily dependent upon the performance of NER filtering and that the filtering improves the precision of relation extraction by 26.7% at the cost of a small reduction in recall.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Psychological tests for measurement of mental functions in individuals exposed to neurotoxicants and noise.

According to Sternberg's additive factors methodology two computer tests have been prepared in the Work Psychology Department of IOM. Several studies which allowed the assessment of effectiveness of experimental factors, manipulation and psychometric tests characteristics have been carried out. As well, effectiveness of experimental factors manipulation as reliability of both tests (IPT-Perception and IPT-Memory) appeared to be satisfactory. So these techniques are good enough to recommend using these tests in psychological examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radionuclide sensitivity of a plastic scintillator].

To determine experimentally the radionuclide sensitivity of the scintillation detector is not always possible. The reasons for the selection of the methodology of computing relative radionuclide sensitivity for a through-well scintillator is the purpose of the study. The design data are supported by the experimental results using standard radioactive solutions, the correlation between the design and experimental data being within the error +/- 5%.

Absorption↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical and experimental use of Cogimir].

This paper introduces 3 applications of a computer-based methodology for the assessment of cognitive abilities which has been developed during the Cogimir space project: an experimental study comparing gender-related lexical decision abilities, an investigation of hemisphere-specific reading in a subject with a partial split-brain syndrome, and a follow-up study measuring the effect of rehabilitation in a patient with frontal brain damage. Computerized tasks have several advantages over conventional neurobehavioral measurement procedures, among them exact stimulus and response control, the ability to generate numerous alternate forms, and the capability of a subject and level-oriented approach. In addition to their broad experimental application they can easily be adapted for the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from cognitive deficits.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choice of operating conditions to minimize sperm subpopulation sampling bias in the assessment of boar semen by computer-assisted semen analysis.

The performance of a computer-assisted semen analysis system was evaluated for use with washed boar spermatozoa. Accuracy was tested using a computer graphics-generated series of spots moving along horizontal, vertical, and diagonal paths, with both straight and sinusoidal trajectories. Observed and expected values agreed to better than +/- 5%, and there was exact agreement in many cases. Reproducibility was tested by making 10 measurements of a single prerecorded sequence of boar spermatozoa. Coefficients of variation were < 3% for all sperm motion parameters tested. Setup conditions affecting the sample statistics of sperm populations were examined. Search radius (10 settings) and minimum track point (10 settings) were varied factorially to evaluate their biasing effects upon population sampling and accuracy. Low search radius (< 12 microns) or high minimum track point values (> 26 frames) precluded measurements of rapidly moving cells and thus led to selection of slow-moving cells. High search radius (> 16 microns) and low minimum track point settings (< 22 frames) led to erroneous tracking and poor data quality. Suitable settings for these setup parameters (search radius = 13 microns; minimum track points = 24) were chosen for use in subsequent fertility trials because they caused the least sampling bias.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A programming course in bioinformatics for computer and information science students.

We have created a course entitled "Representations and Algorithms for Computational Molecular Biology" with three specific goals in mind. First, we want to provide a technical introduction for computer science and medical information science students to the challenges of computing with molecular biology data, particularly the advantages of having easy access to real-world data sets. Second, we want to equip the students with the skills required of productive research assistants in molecular biology computing research projects. Finally, we want to provide a showcase for local investigators to describe their work in the context of a course that provide adequate background information. In order to achieve these goals, we have created a programming course, in which three major projects and six smaller assignments are assigned during the quarter. We stress fundamental representations and algorithms during the first part of the course in lectures given by the core faculty, and then have more focused lectures in which faculty research interests are highlighted. The course stressed issues of structural molecular biology, in order to better motivate the critical issues in sequence analysis. The culmination of the course was a challenge to the students to use a version of protein threading to predict which members of a set of unknown sequences were globins. The course was well received, and has been made a core requirement in the Medical Information Sciences program.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

List update processing (LUP)--solving the sequence database update problem.

Sequence databases of today require frequent updating. Mirror procedures to copy incrementally updated databases as cumulative sets are the preferred method and can be implemented by straightforward scripting. However, limited bandwidth of networks and the increase of data require more powerful paradigms to reduce the workload reliably. We suggest the List Update Processing (LUP) principle. The system has been implemented on an experimental basis to update the Swiss EMBnet Node (BioComputing Basel, CH) with data from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL Outstation, Hinxton Hall, UK). The results obtained from the prototype suggest to expand the system to several sites.

CD-ROM↗