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Computer programs for handling nucleic acid sequences.

Programs have been developed that will accurately display restriction enzyme maps, open translational reading frames and the results of specific searches on a high resolution graphics terminal (Retrographics VT640). Many of our earlier programs have been upgraded to allow online access to GENBANK, the NIH data bank of DNA sequences and also to deal with sequences of any length. Progress has also been made in the automation of the DNA assembly programs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

["MEDDOS", a computer program for constructing treatment plans in pediatric intensive care units].

We attempted to facilitate the establishment of treatment regimens in paediatric intensive care units by means of a computer programme and to increase drug safety by standardization of dosage and avoidance of calculation errors. The programme has the following features: the user can enter drugs, oral nutrition and i.v. solutions into data files. Drugs and solutions can be chosen from these data files for the individual patient. Drug dosage is calculated from preselected dosages and the patient's data for individual dosage regimens. The desired intake of fluid volume and glucose can be chosen. Due to this preselection the quantity and concentration of the glucose solution is calculated. The total daily intake of electrolytes, calories, carbohydrates, protein and fat is shown on a balance sheet. Complete schedules can be saved and, if needed, restored for other patients.

Child↗

Computer programs for neuroanatomy: three-dimensional reconstruction and analysis of populations of cortical neurons and other bodies with a laminar distribution.

The program is designed for analysis of serial microtome sections containing biological structures (bodies, particles), each of which may be represented as one point. Any subset of sections may quickly be selected for reconstruction. In addition to rotation, translation, scaling etc. two particular features are offered. (1) Section-independent parts of reconstructions may be isolated ("windows") and then reconstructed, analyzed and subdivided, like the parent data. (2) Curved, bandshaped parts may be unfolded, for inspection of distribution pattern, determination of density etc. The program is written in Pascal (source 121 Kb, compiled program 65 Kb). User-friendliness, robustness and speed were key aims.

Algorithms↗

DNA strand breaks induced by gamma irradiation and alkaline treatment: a computer program for the analysis of the influence of the sequence.

Deoxyoligonucleotides 32P-labelled at one end have been used to probe the DNA chain breakage induced by external gamma-irradiation and alkali treatment. The fragments were separated according to their chain lengths by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their radioactivity counted. Quantitative analysis of the distribution pattern of the intensity fragments was performed by computer. In this article the principles of the calculation program are given. The basic units corresponding to adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine exhibited different radiosensitivities. It was possible to estimate the mean chain rupture per nucleotide and per Gray for G, T, C and A. These coefficients were derived from experimental values by iteration. Thus, it is possible to simulate very accurately the oligonucleotide fragment intensities. The relative error was usually less than 10 per cent for most of the nucleotide units. In this way small differences in the band intensities may be demonstrated. They can be explained by variations of the local conformation of the biopolymer.

Alkalies↗