Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Child Development Disorders, Pervasive”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Grammaticality sensitivity in children with early focal brain injury and children with specific language impairment.

Grammaticality judgments and processing times associated with violation detection were examined in typically developing children, children with focal brain lesions (FL) acquired early in life, and children with specific language impairment (SLI). Grammatical sensitivity in the FL group, while below typically developing children, was above levels seen in children with SLI. Age effects were noted with developmental changes in sensitivity extending into adolescence. Developmental delays in grammatical processing were particularly pronounced for children with SLI, who showed sensitivity levels below those of younger typically developing children. Sensitivity to agreement violations was also protracted in the SLI group providing further evidence of the vulnerability of morphology, a pattern not unlike that seen in adult aphasics. Findings for the FL group provide compelling evidence of neural and behavioral plasticity in children with early unilateral brain injury. Moreover, results from these children underscore how very different compensatory organization may be compared to profiles seen in adult aphasics who have comparable lesions. In contrast, although it was expected that the SLI children would perform below the typically developing children, the disadvantage seen with respect to the FL group suggests that the underlying pathology responsible for SLI may be more pervasive and less plastic than the focal pathology of children with early brain damage.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Neuromotor functioning and behavior problems in children at risk for psychopathology.

Previous studies have found that early neuromotor deficits may be a precursor of later psychopathology. The present study examined the relationship between neuromotor dysfunction and behavioral deviance in children characterized by a variety of risk factors (parental schizophrenia, parental psychiatric disorder other than schizophrenia, and parental maltreatment). The sample consisted of 108 children (average age 9.75 years) who were assessed twice, approximately 1 year apart. It was was found that maltreated children had poorer neuromotor functioning and more behavior problems than children who were not maltreated, regardless of parental psychiatric status. The results also indicated that the relationship between neuromotor functioning and problem behaviors varied as a function of parental psychiatric status. These findings suggest that, although the effects of maltreatment are generalized and pervasive, there are distinctive relationships between neuromotor functioning and behavioral deviance depending on the nature of the risk factors a child has been exposed to.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The factor structure of autistic traits.

BACKGROUND: Although DSM-IV requires symptoms in three criterion domains for a diagnosis of autistic disorder, the extent to which those domains are phenotypically independent is an unanswered and important question. The identification of 'endophenotypes' of the autistic syndrome may be very useful for genetic and neurobiologic studies of autism, but only if they represent truly independent sub domains of the disorder. METHODS: In this study we examined the factor structure of autistic traits using data from 226 child psychiatric patients with and without pervasive developmental disorders, employing cluster analysis of data from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-r) and principal components factor analysis of data from the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS, a quantitative genetic measure of autistic traits formerly known as the Social Reciprocity Scale). RESULTS: The results were consistent with the existence of a singular, continuously distributed underlying factor, resulting in disparate phenotypic manifestations across the three criterion domains for autistic disorder (social deficits, language deficits, and repetitive/stereotypic behaviors). CONCLUSION: The analyses generally failed to support the existence of independent sub domains of dysfunction in autism spectrum conditions. Future studies of the association between genetic/neurobiologic markers and autistic symptomatology may be enhanced by approaches which consider autistic symptoms as quantitative traits, and which are informed by ongoing research on the development and phenomenology of core deficiencies in reciprocal social behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Subtypes of specific language impairment in Spanish-speaking children: a cluster analysis of linguistic features].

INTRODUCTION: Specific language impairment (SLI) can be viewed as a continuum with different subtypes depending on the combination of deficits and strengths in each of the components of linguistic behavior. AIM. To analyze the phenomenological profiles in a correlative series of Spanish children in order to facilitate their endophenotypic differentiation and the choice of strategies of intervention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 86 referred children, aged 4 to 9 years, with a mean non-verbal intelligence quotient of 93 (range 72-114) and accomplishing clinical criteria of SLI. Apart from clinical interview and neurological examination, a protocol of questionnaires and tests was used in all subjects in order to measure their formal (phonological, syntactic, lexical) and functional (semantic and pragmatic) linguistic abilities. A cluster analysis of variables was used in order to investigate SLI subtypes. RESULTS: In the total sample, a 24% of whole series have a pure phonological expressive disorder. 55% of subjects have mixed receptive/expressive disorders; from these, the most pervasive subtype is due to verbal agnosia (11%), but more frequently observed subtypes affect syntax reception and expression combined to difficulties in phonological programming (36%) or in lexical retrieval (8%). Furthermore, 21% of the total sample present with difficulties in pragmatic use of language even if their formal linguistic abilities and non-verbal behavior are normal. CONCLUSIONS: Our empirical approach confirms that the admitted SLI subtypes in international literature applies to Spanish-speaking children for endophenotyping and intervention-planning purposes.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Autistic spectrum disorders 2: diagnosis and management.

As many as six in every 1000 children may be affected by an autistic spectrum disorder. The previous article of this two-part series discussed the distinction between autism, Asperger's syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder, and examined the assessment process. This article looks at potential differential diagnoses that must be considered, as well as conditions associated with autism. Many theories about the causes of autism have been suggested, including the MMR vaccine. Recent research has suggested that there is no link between the vaccine and autism. There is no cure for autism, but intervention and management techniques should be aimed at educating parents and carers about the disorder and behavioural interventions to aid the child's skills development.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed2005

The adolescent outcome of hyperactive girls: self-report of psychosocial status.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to clarify the developmental risk associated with hyperactive behaviour in girls in a longitudinal epidemiological design. METHODS: This was investigated in a follow-up study of girls who were identified by parent and teacher ratings in a large community survey of 6- and 7-year-olds as showing pervasive hyperactivity or conduct problems or the comorbid mixture of both problems or neither problem. They were later investigated, at the age of 14 to 16 years, with a detailed self-report interview technique. RESULTS: Hyperactivity was a risk factor for later development, even allowing for the coexistence of conduct problems. Hyperactivity predicted academic problems and interpersonal relationship problems. Relationships with parents, by contrast, were not portrayed to be as problematic as relationships with peers and the opposite sex. Their psychological, social and occupational functioning was objectively rated to be more deviant and their self-report showed them to be more ambivalent about their future. There was a trend for hyperactivity to be self-reported as a risk for the development of continuing symptomatology but neither hyperactivity nor conduct problems were self-reported to be a risk for antisocial behaviour, substance misuse or low self-esteem in adolescence. However, they were at risk for the development of state anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested girls' pattern of functioning may differ from that of boys because girls self-report a more pervasive range of social dysfunction than that previously reported in boys.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Symptom variations in ADHD: importance of context, development and comorbidity].

Attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) is a common disorder in school-aged children and is associated with significant impairment in social and academic functioning. Its recognition is based on congruent information from different sources, because most ADHD children and adolescents are not completely aware of impairments caused by inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Fluctuations in symptom expression may complicate the diagnosis: during clinical examination or tests sessions, ADHD symptoms may be less severe than usual or completely absent. This review examines variations in ADHD symptoms due to environmental context, internal state, circadian factors, development, psychiatric comorbidity and discusses their clinical relevance. Generally, ADHD symptoms are pervasive and identified in different areas of functioning. Despite their chronicity, they show a relative context-dependency. An unfamiliar environment or situation may lessen symptoms. The same happens in dual relations or in calm settings, when the child receives attention and positive reinforcement from the adult. On the contrary, the classroom situation with its high stimulation level (noise, visual distractors, large class size) is likely to reveal or accentuate instability, impulsivity and inattention. Independently from objective symptom fluctuations, the impact of ADHD symptoms, and their consequences on self-esteem may also vary with the degree of environmental mismatch. Recent research in experimental psychology also draws attention to the motivational state of ADHD children: preference for immediate gratification and delay aversion may explain why most of them show satisfactory attentional capacities in certain activities (for instance video games or TV), while showing impairment in school work or in other effortful tasks. The diagnosis of the full ADHD syndrome requires significant impact on functioning in at least two areas. Some children with "situational" ADHD are impaired either in school setting or exclusively at home. Manuzza et al. report long-term outcome of "situational" versus "pervasive" ADHD. School-ADHD, in opposition to home-ADHD shows similarities with the full blown syndrome, as regards proportion of anti-social personality disorder, psycho-social functioning and academic/professional achievements. Moderate seasonal variations have also been identified with less ADHD symptoms in August. This result is likely to reflect a better fit between individual characteristics and environmental demands during school holidays rather than neurobiological changes, as there are no convincing arguments for seasonal fluctuations of serotoninergic tone in ADHD. Another cause for variations in ADHD symptom expression may be the co-occurrence of a mood disorder. Relationships between early-onset mania and ADHD are discussed. The appropriate definition of prepubertal mania is still in debate; its recognition is hindered by symptom overlap and high level of comorbid conditions. Chronic emotional dysregulation with irritability and frequent temper tantrums, sometimes viewed as characteristics of early-onset mania, might reflect a--possibly severe--sub-type of ADHD rather than a prodrome of bipolarity. A marked cyclicity of symptoms, with periodic accentuation of ADHD and mood symptoms, requires careful monitoring and systematic analysis of comorbid conditions. Clarification of the complex interrelations between ADHD and bipolar disorder will be obtained from long-term studies.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1994

When is "impulsiveness" not impulsive? The case of hyperactive children's cognitive style.

On two computerized versions of the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT; Kagan, Child Development, 36, 609-628, 1965) pervasively hyperactive and matched control children had to identify a target from among five similar foils. One version had a temporal structure similar to the manual MFFT and trial length was determined by response speed. Hyperactive children behaved in an "impulsive" manner; they responded more quickly and made more mistakes than controls. Despite this they completed each trial more quickly than controls by identifying the target. On the second version, the length of each trial was fixed at 45 seconds. Although both groups were equally "reflective", hyperactive children still made more mistakes. Implications of these results for research in impulse control in general and hyperactivity in particular are discussed.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1986

Childhood hyperactivity.

Severe degrees of inattentive and restless behaviour in childhood are a risk factor for later psychological disorders. They have many causes, but a pattern of severe and pervasive hyperactivity with poor concentration in the absence of affective or psychotic disorders should be recognised as a hyperkinetic syndrome. The syndrome is often associated with developmental delays in abilities such as language and motor control. Powerful short-term treatments are available, but long-term ways of promoting normal personality development need more research.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1985

Superego formation, adolescent transformation, and the adult neurosis.

The superego is heir to the Oedipus complex but has a much larger developmental legacy which includes preoedipal precursors and the influence of latency and adolescence. The superego continues to change in function and content throughout life, and radical transformation in adolescence may result in developmental discontinuity as well as core developmental continuity. A case is discussed in which adolescence was overlooked in previous analysis and in which adolescent superego modification had a major impact on the patient's character and his adult neurosis. The developmental significance of adolescence experienced under conditions of social isolation and rejection with forebodings of the Holocaust was unrecognized in sanctioned silence and shared analytic denial. These repeated earlier experiences of silent submission and stifled protest, and the silent suffering of the patient and his family, were an integral part of his humiliating and emasculating adolescent experiences. The intimidated adolescent, threatened from within and without, identified with the aggressor as well as with the victim. Identification with the aggressor and glorified victor contributed to a final adolescent structuralization of a punitive, sadistic superego and a rigidly perfectionistic ego ideal. As an adult, he tended to passive masochistic compliance with diminished self-esteem and unconscious self-denigration. He was prone to shame and guilt, self-criticism, and hidden hypercritical attitudes toward others. The adolescent internalization of aggression, intense castration anxiety, and pervasive narcissistic mortification led to retreat from resolution of revived oedipal conflict and to concomitant detrimental superego alteration. These issues were of major importance for analytic understanding and therapeutic progress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Long-term follow-up of children with psychiatric disorders.

General psychiatrists' interest in childhood has been stimulated by the genetic aspect of dynamic psychiatry. The prospective developmental approach of child psychiatrists has been molded by developmental psychological theory, epidemiological approaches, and clinical experience with children who exhibit symptoms of psychopathology. The authors review follow-up data on children diagnosed as having attention deficit disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, autism, and conduct disorders. They also discuss the results of studies of subjects who, as children, were diagnosed as being hyperactive or neurotic, or who experienced language delay.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Perceptions of nonshared childhood environment in bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to identify perceptions of nonshared childhood environmental factors associated with bulimia nervosa and the comorbid personality traits associated with this disorder. METHOD: Twenty-nine individuals with bulimia nervosa and 27 normal controls compared themselves to a sibling on a measure specifically designed to assess perceptions of nonshared environmental factors in parental, peer, and sibling relationships. Also, bulimic individuals' primary clinicians completed a series of ratings for each of the DSM-III personality disorders. RESULTS: Bulimic individuals were more likely than controls to rate their fathers as showing less affection and more control toward them than toward their sibling. Among bulimic individuals, borderline personality disorder ratings were associated with the perception that both mother and father showed less affection toward the bulimic individual than toward her sibling. Avoidant and depressive personality ratings were associated with perceptions of unique experiences with peers. CONCLUSION: These data provide preliminary evidence suggesting that the paternal relationship may be a source of nonshared environmental experience associated with bulimia nervosa. Borderline personality disorder among bulimics appears related to more pervasive within-family experiences across both the maternal and paternal relationship, while depressive and avoidant personality seems related to unique peer experiences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Pervasive loss of function in asylum-seeking children in Sweden.

UNLABELLED: Presently, a couple of hundred children from traumatized asylum-seeking families in Sweden have developed severe loss of mental and physical functions without evidence of underlying disease. Of the 23 treated children treated at this clinic, 15 have recovered, three are improving and five are under initial care. Communication within the family is crucial from both pathogenic and salutogenic perspectives. A permanent residence permit, correcting the underlying situation of threat and insecurity, is a condition for good results from psychiatric treatment. In Sweden there is a lack of consensus and conflicting political and medical perspectives prevail regarding the "apathetic" children. CONCLUSION: Children living under unbearable life conditions can develop life-threatening depression-withdrawal stress reactions well known as pervasive refusal syndrome (PRS). This is also true of children in traumatized asylum-seeking families. Excellent results are achieved when the family's underlying fear and hopelessness can be erased and the treatment focuses on the traumatic experiences.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Mild Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. Delineation of the clinical phenotype, and characteristic behaviors in a six-year-old boy.

Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome with variable expression, making diagnosis of mild cases difficult. The most consistent manifestations appear to be the characteristic face, which can be subtle in children who are mildly affected [Ireland and Burn, 1991: Twelfth Annual David W. Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis]. Other aspects of the syndrome include variable degrees of mental retardation, growth retardation, structural abnormalities of the limbs, and behavior abnormalities, noted to be "autistic" [Jones, 1988: "Smith's recognizable patterns of human malformation"]. Johnson et al. [1976: Pediatr Res 10:843-850] described a behavior phenotype felt to be common in patients with BDLS. They predicted that patients with BDLS may respond to "behavioral intervention". Other behavior abnormalities in BDLS have been reported [Barr et al., 1971: Neuropadiatrie 3:46-66; Hawley et al., 1985: Am J Med Genet 20:453-459]. We report on a 6-year-old boy with the facial characteristics of BDLS, normal birth weight, prenatal onset of a small head relative to length, postnatal onset growth deficiency, nearly normal psychomotor development with onset of clear developmental delays by 2 years. He developed behavior problems similar to those seen in other patients with BDLS. These behaviors are most consistent with Pervasive Development Disorder-NOS (PDD), and Autistic Disorder [DSM-III-R, 1987] which encompasses a spectrum of mild to severe autistic behaviors. We report successful in-patient care utilizing medical and behavioral techniques to reduce the frequency of the behaviors. We feel that the presence of the characteristic behaviors may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of BDLS.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1984

Learning to drink: the influence of impaired psychosexual development.

Recognized factors in the causation of alcoholism are reviewed, including those contributing to increased prevalence in women. Comparisons are drawn between the locking-on of the alcoholic habit in some people and of certain eating disorders in others, to their respective neurotic needs: particularly in adolescence, serious pairing and involution. Current social mores provide little support for the sexually insecure. The hypothesis is examined that a core reason for a common type of problem drinking is the pervasive anxiety gendered by faulty psychosexual development. Demographic data were recorded for 56 men and 15 women with primary alcohol dependence syndrome, 30 patients with eating disorders and 20 control subjects. Each completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, Eysenck Personality Inventory and visual analogue scales concerning mood and socio-sexual confidence in relation to eating or drinking. Between-group differences are discussed and implications considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A comparative evaluation of adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with autism, Down syndrome, and normal development.

The adaptive behaviors of 20 autistic, 20 Down syndrome, and 20 developmentally normal children were compared using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. Unlike previous studies, we included a comparison group of very young normally developing children and matched subjects on overall adaptive behavior as well as several pertinent demographic characteristics. Findings revealed that, relative to children with Down syndrome or normal development, autistic children displayed significant and pervasive deficits in the acquisition of adaptive social skills, and greater variability in adaptive skills. These findings underscore the need to longitudinally assess the development of socialization in autistic children and further highlight the utility of the Vineland in operationally defining the nature of social dysfunction in autistic children.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children.

BACKGROUND: We investigated a consecutive series of children with chronic enterocolitis and regressive developmental disorder. METHODS: 12 children (mean age 6 years [range 3-10], 11 boys) were referred to a paediatric gastroenterology unit with a history of normal development followed by loss of acquired skills, including language, together with diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Children underwent gastroenterological, neurological, and developmental assessment and review of developmental records. Ileocolonoscopy and biopsy sampling, magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and lumbar puncture were done under sedation. Barium follow-through radiography was done where possible. Biochemical, haematological, and immunological profiles were examined. FINDINGS: Onset of behavioural symptoms was associated, by the parents, with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in eight of the 12 children, with measles infection in one child, and otitis media in another. All 12 children had intestinal abnormalities, ranging from lymphoid nodular hyperplasia to aphthoid ulceration. Histology showed patchy chronic inflammation in the colon in 11 children and reactive ileal lymphoid hyperplasia in seven, but no granulomas. Behavioural disorders included autism (nine), disintegrative psychosis (one), and possible postviral or vaccinal encephalitis (two). There were no focal neurological abnormalities and MRI and EEG tests were normal. Abnormal laboratory results were significantly raised urinary methylmalonic acid compared with age-matched controls (p=0.003), low haemoglobin in four children, and a low serum IgA in four children. INTERPRETATION: We identified associated gastrointestinal disease and developmental regression in a group of previously normal children, which was generally associated in time with possible environmental triggers.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Case reports in autism: issues in diagnosis and treatment.

Autism is a relatively common developmental disorder characterized by pervasive impairments in communication and social interaction as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Two case reports are presented to illustrate important aspects of diagnosis and treatment. Early clinical diagnosis is essential so that appropriate intervention can be implemented. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment is recommended due to the impact of autism on many aspects of behavior and development.

Autistic Disorder↗