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PubMed2001

[Incidence of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents in Białorus after the Chernobyl catastrophe in 1986].

Fifteen years after Chernobyl nuclear plant catastrophe thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 882 persons among the group of 2,618,482 persons aged 6-18 years. The radioactive contamination, mainly with isotopes of radioactive iodine, seems to be a major cause of such a high incidence of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents. However, it is necessary to consider other factors which also might influence the process of transformation of the thyroid cells to the thyroid cancer. The iodine deficiency in environment was recognized as an important factor. Therefore, the countrywide programme of the investigations of iodine deficiency and goiter prevalence was established in the Republic of Belarus with the assistance of WHO Office for Europe. Within this program the examination of 11,562 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years from 30 schools in urban and rural areas was performed. The results obtained are typical for significant iodine deficiency and moderate goiter endemy. The analysis of these two factors and their influence on the incidence and distribution of thyroid cancer in different regions of Belarus is a subject of this paper. It is worth adding that 15 years after the catastrophe a visible rise in the number of thyroid cancers is noted in the group of adolescents and adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Features of cardiovascular diseases in cleaners-up of consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station accident and in residents of territories polluted by radionuclides].

The authors discuss features of cardiovascular diseases in liquidators of Chernobyl nuclear power station accident consequences and in residents of territories polluted with radionuclides, present recommendations on correction of risk factors leading to atherosclerosis--the main cause of cardiovascular complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Demographic impact of the Chernobyl nuclear power station disaster].

"The article deals with the impact of the Chernobyl [nuclear] disaster on demographic development of the areas [of Belarus] damaged through the disaster. Data are given related to population size, sex and age population structure, migration, morbidity, mortality and fertility based on monitoring surveys." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMed2002

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of minor and trace elements in food in the Russian region that suffered from the Chernobyl disaster.

The control of food quality, using the analysis of essential and toxic element contents, assumes an urgent importance within the regions that suffered from the Chernobyl disaster. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to study contents of 17 chemical elements (calcium, chlorine, cobalt, chromium, cesium, iron, mercury, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, rubidium, antimony, scandium, selenium, strontium, and zinc) in foods within the south and southwest territories of the Kaluga Region that was exposed to radionuclide contamination. The radionuclide contamination ranges up to 15 Ci/km2 there. Flesh and meat products, dairy products, bread, vegetables, legumes, roots, fruits, and mushrooms were analyzed. The concentration of essential and toxic elements in the different foods were in the normal ranges.

Diet↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of gamma-radiation and desiccation on the viability of the soil bacteria isolated from the alienated zone around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant].

Methylobacterium extorquens, M. mesophilicum, and Bacillus subtilis strains were found to be resistant to gamma-radiation, irrespective of whether they were isolated from the alienated zone around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant or outside this zone. The LD90 of Methylobacterium and B. subtilis strains with respect to gamma-radiation was 2.0-3.4 and 3.7-4.4 kGy, respectively, whereas their LD99.99 values were 4.5-6.9 and more than 10 kGy, respectively. The high threshold levels of gamma-radiation for Methylobacterium and B. subtilis imply the efficient functioning of DNA repair systems in these bacteria. Unlike Bacillus polymyxa cells, the cells of M. extorquens, M. mesophilicum, and B. subtilis were also resistant to desiccation. Pseudomonas sp., Nocardia sp., and nocardioform actinomycetes were sensitive to both gamma-radiation and desiccation. Similar results were obtained when the bacteria studied were exposed to hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation. The results obtained indicate that the bacteria that are resistant to gamma-radiation are also resistant to desiccation, UV radiation, and hydrogen peroxide. The possibility of using simple laboratory tests (such as the determination of bacterial resistance to UV light and desiccation) for the evaluation of bacterial resistance to gamma-radiation is discussed.

Bacillus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reconstruction of I-131 in milk and exposure doses to the thyroid gland of cattle after the Chernobyl AES].

Suggestions are made concerning the restoration of 131I content in cow milk of six districts in the Gomel region based on radiometric measurements of the overall activity of milk samples in the iodine period of the Chernobyl NPP accident, reconstruction of doses to thyroid of cattle and calculation of dose distribution among the live-stock by separation the function of activity changes in milk samples in time into the basic components formed by the contribution of 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs. The best approximation to the description of the function of milk activity variations was found to be achieved by the representation of forage activity changes as a sum of exponents with the half-life periods of 5 and 30 day with a partial contribution of 0.8 and 0.2. The calculations showed, that the average absorbed doses to the thyroid varied between 10 and 40 Gy.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Restoration of pine plantations after effect of ionizing radiation in the region of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station].

The main results of the 12-year radiation-genetic monitoring of radiobiological, cytogenetic, and genetic parameters in the Pinus sylvestris L. forest plantations from the zone of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant presented. Acute ionizing irradiation at doses > 1 Gy was shown to induce the formation of morphoses and depressed growth; at doses > 2 Gy, the reproductive ability of the trees declined. The radiobiological parameters showed a linear (or close to linear) dose-effect relationship. Acute irradiation at a dose of 0.5 Gy induced cytogenetic and genetic effects that were significantly higher than the corresponding control values. The relationship between the cytogenetic effects and the absorbed dose was exponential. The dependence of the mutation frequency at specific loci on the absorbed dose was described by a nonlinear curve. The results of cytogenetic analysis of sprouts obtained from seeds annually (1986-1998) collected in zones of slight, moderate, and strong damage of Pinus sylvestris L. are presented.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of 134 + 137Cs accumulation in insects inhabiting the 30-kilometer zone of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station].

Accumulation of the specific activity of 134 + 137Cs in insects was investigated in the most typical biogeocenoses within the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP. The studied biogeocenoses had different rates of the exposure doses. It was shown that the specific activity of 134 + 137Cs in the insects inhabiting forest biotops was of the same order that in the crown, whereas in the insects inhabiting open biotops the specific activity was higher than in plants. Two periods of the increased 134 + 137Cs content in insects were found: May and September. Along with seasonal activity variations, a tendency to decreasing and stabilization of 134 + 137Cs content was observed during the period of the study.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Clinical and Immunological Particularities of the Allergopathology in Persons Dealing with Consequences of Chernobyl Accident.

Some clinical and immunological particularities induced by radiation exposure were revealed in adverse allergopathology in persons, who dealt with consequences of Chernobyl accident. The data we received indicated the failure of the immune system, endocrine diseases, disturbances of the sympathetic nervous system, enhanced skin reactivity that, being summarized, lead to alteration in central and peripheral mechanisms of the immune system regulation. These changes could foster progression of some types of allergopathology.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The medical management of patients with neurological disturbances who had participated in the elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl accident].

Effects have been studied of the drug arlevert on the nervous system and vestibular function in miners-liquidators (n = 28). The benefits derived by patients from a course administration of the drug for up to a fortnight included improvement of their clinical condition, decrease in the tone of cerebral vessels, slight degree of vestibular disturbances, shortened latent period of vestibular evoked potentials. Arlevert can be recommended as treatment of vestibular disorders in liquidators of Chernobyl disaster.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of low doses of radiation on the glutathione status in children and adults after the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station accident].

A level of glutathione in the blood plasma of human population exposed to low-dose radiation after the Chernobyl accident was studied; a complicated character of dose dependence was shown. The response of the glutathione system to low and high radiation doses is different in the children living in the radionuclide-contaminated areas and in the participants of the elimination works.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Mosaicism of the upper respiratory tract epithelium in liquidators of the Chernobyl accident].

On the basis of findings from the structural analysis of 21 nasal mucosa biopsy specimens of patients with chronic rhinitis including 12 participants in liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident using morphometric methods, signs of morphofunctional insufficiency of the nasal epithelium are verified. Mechanisms of this phenomenon development are discussed.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2003

[Indices of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis after the Chernobyl accident].

An evaluation was done of immunological parameters in the post accident period in 41 examined person. Of these, 26 subjects had chronic maxillary sinusitis, 15 were healthy persons (control group). In patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis, the state of the T-system of immunity has been shown to be characterised by a drop in the total count of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, T-suppresors. Parameters for humoral immunity are characterised by elevation of the peripheral blood levels of B-lymphocytes, prominent disimmunoglobulinaemia--significant reduction of class G immunoglobulins and macroglobulins. The T-cells-helpers ratio is significantly reduced both in group I and group II. Reduction has been ascertained in the ratio of those T-cells-suppressors blocking antibody formation by B-lymphocytes. In patients after the Chernobyl accident, there was noted a significant decline in the functional activity of macrophages.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular-biological nature of morphological abnormalities induced by chronic irradiation in coniferous plants from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exclusion zone: emphasis on a possible role of the cytoskeleton].

Results of the analysis of morphological abnormalities in coniferous plants from the Chernobyl exclusion zone are described. It is shown that such features as total and individual protein content, genome organization and peculiarities of its expression, and karyotype are different for the control and morphologically abnormal needles. A possible role of the cytoskeleton structures in the abnormal morphogenesis in plants is discussed.

Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed2003

[The use of fermented milk drink with topinambur for the treatment of Helicobacter infection in the liquidators of Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident].

For estimation of anti-helicobacter activity of new fermented milk drink with Helianthus tuberosus called 23 liquidators of crash after-effects of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant were observed. Helicobacter pylori were determined in faeces by PCR-method, immune system readings--by first-level methods. The drink was applied in 200 grams portions during 18 days. After therapy appearance of Helicobacter pylori in faeces was reduced for 3 times. Reading of HCT-test, increased up to 16% in the first test before therapy, was normalized after therapy. Listed figures prove anti-helicobacter activity of fermented milk drink with Helianthus tuberosus.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Lung cancer in survivors of radiation exposure at the Chernobyl nuclear disaster].

Epidemiology, diagnostics and therapy of lung cancer in the aftermath of Chernobyl nuclear disaster are discussed on the basis of the data released by the Federal Expert Committee. Lung cancer appeared to be the main death-causing factor. The disease was far advanced (stage IIIb and IV) in 85% of cases. The effectiveness of diagnosis can be raised if such compulsory measures as annual bronchoscopic screenings and sputum counts are carried out. Atypical cell counts have to be run in the sputum samples from all the survivors who took part in the salvaging operations of 1986-1987 and are suffering acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Particular attention should be paid to those who were working under severe dust-pollution conditions in summer.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[State of the blood phagocytic system in the Nitroblue tetrazolium test conducted in clean-up workers following an extended period of time after the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident].

The functional-and-metabolic status of neutrophil granulocytes was studied in liquidators of consequences of the accident (LCA) at the Chernobyl nuclear power station (CNPS) by using the nitroblue tetrazolium test (NTT). Tests, involving the recovery of nitroblue tetrazolium in both spontaneous and stimulated variants, were made in LCAs and the obtained data were compared with the results of similar tests in the control groups. High NTT parameters were found in spontaneous tests. A lack of the activation in response to zymosan is a specific feature of LCA blood granulocytes. Profound disorders were detected in the phagocyte systems of LCAs, which is indicative of disrupted enzymatic processes in neutrophil granulocytes. On the whole, a sharp functional reduction of neutrophils inhibits their bactericidity. The obtained results were used to work out and to patient "The method of detecting a radioactive irradiation of the body."

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of ferrocyanides for obtaining pure meat production in contaminated areas following the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The paper reports a new technique of obtaining radioactive Cs-free meat in the regions contaminated with radionuclides as a result of Chernobyl accident. The method is based on specific digestion features of ruminant animals. Ferriferrocyanide compounds are proposed as sorbents. Ferrocene is most efficient when introduced into mixed feed (1-3 g/day for sheep, 3-5 g/day for calves and young bulls) once a day. After that the animals can be fed radioactively contaminated forage and graze on contaminated land.

Accidents↗