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PubMedDate not supplied

[Epizootic hepatitis A among African green monkeys kept in a vivarium].

The results of observations on the pattern of spread of hepatitis A virus and immune response to it in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) kept in the animal house are presented. The infection in the monkeys was found to be characterized by all virological, serological, and biochemical parameters inherent in hepatitis A virus. The results indicated that hepatitis A in monkeys may run both asymptomatic and clinically manifest course, and the spread of infection in the animal house sequentially involves most seronegative animals into the epidemic process.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

Concentration of poliovirus type I from cow milk using an adsorption-elution method.

Cow milk was experimentally contaminated with a vaccine strain of poliovirus type I. A concentration procedure was utilized to assay for the virus in a milk sample using adsorption on aluminium sulphate at pH 4.5-5.5, aluminium sulphate concentration being 0.15 g. 1(-1), followed by elution with 0.1 M Na2HPO4 pH 9.5 and subsequent detection in cultured VERO cells (kidney cells from the monkey Cercopithecus aethiops). The yield of the virus ranged from 14 to 58% of the inoculated amount, the mean value being 27%.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1989

Leptospirosis in the Melut district--upper Nile province (south Sudan)--an overview.

The authors examined 195 domestic animals for leptospirosis serologically in Sudan (170 cattle, 7 sheep and 18 goats) and 771 wild animals (36 species) with 13 serovars from 13 serogroups. 54% of domestic animals namely, 108 cattle and 1 sheep were positive in titer levels of 1:400 and higher. Cattle sera with the serovars of the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae were 2.4% positive with Cynopteri 2.4%, Autumnalis 3.5%, Australis 1.2%, Pomona 2.9%, Grippotyphosa 2.9%, Hebdonadis 17.1%, Bataviae 9.4% and Tarassovi 50.6%. Only one Numida meleagris of the 54 wild birds (14 species) was positive in low titer level of 1:100 with L. canicola. Seventy (9.8%) of the 717 wild mammals (22 species) examined were positive namely with the serovars of the serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae 3.4%, Javanica 3.0%, Pomona 2.0%, Grippotyphosa 0.7%, Hebdomadis 0.4%, Ballum, Australis, Pyrogenes, Bataviae each 0.3% and Cynopteri 0.1%, whereby sera from 7 animals reacted simultaneously with the serovars of two serogroups. With regard to the species, positive reactions were found in Erinaceus albiventris, Eidolon helbum, Cercopithecus aethiops, Genetta spec., Canis adustus et aurus, Felis silvestris, Leptailurus serval, Arvicanthis niloticus, Mastomys spec., Mus spec., Gazella spec., Tragelaphus spec. The positivity in rodents was very low - 1.2%.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Retrograde root obturations using resin and a dentin bonding agent: a preliminary histologic study of tissue reactions in monkeys].

The histologic response to a new retrograde root filling procedure using composite and a dentin bonding agent (Gluma) was examined in two monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Infected root canals in canines and incisors were retrograde sealed and a histologic examination performed after 1 year. Among three canines, two showed epithelial proliferation on the resected root surface, apparently originating from the incision which had been placed very close to the level of resection. In the third canine, filled with a composite containing tricalciumphosphate, there was not only reformation of new Sharpey's fibers, but also, seen for the first time, regeneration of new cementum directly upon the retrograde filling material (Fig. 1). Two incisors were extracted, the apices resected, a retrofilling applied, and the incisors replanted. In this way any interference by epithelium could be avoided. After 1 year, both teeth showed a narrow fibrous zone without inflammation opposite the filling material (Fig. 2). The surprising finding that a composite could allow complete PDL regeneration including cementum upon the retrograde material implies that a new biologic retrograde root filling principle is at hand. Experiments are now in progress to further characterize the necessary condition for cementum repair upon composite used as a retrograde root filling material.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Results of serological examination for leptospirosis of domestic and wild animals in the Upper Nile province (Sudan).

195 domestic and 766 wild animals were serologically examined for leptospirosis. Cattle was found to be positive at titres 1 greater than or equal to 400 in 63.5%, namely 50.6% for Tarassovi, 17.1% for Sejroe-Hebdomadis, 9.4% for Bataviae, 1.2-3.5% for Icterohaemorrhagiae, Cynopteri, Autumnalis, Australis, Pomona and Grippotyphosa. Sera from 35 animals reacted with the serovars from two or more serogroups. Of 7 sheep 1 was positive for Pomona and 18 goats proved to be negative. 10.2% of wild mammals were positive at titres 1 greater than or equal to 100, namely 3.5% for Icterohaemorrhagiae, 3.1% for Javanica, 1.7% for Pomona and 0.1-0.8% for Sejroe-Hebdomadis, Grippotyphosa Pyrogenes, Australis, Ballum, Bataviae, Cynopteri and Canicola. The sera of 10 animals were simultaneously positive with the serovars of two serogroups. Erinaceus albiventris, Eidolon helvum, Tadarida condylura and T. pumila, Cercopithecus aethiops, Genetta sp., Ichneumonia albicauda, Canis adustus and C. aureus, Felis silvestris, Leptailurus serval, Arvicanthis niloticus, Mus sp. and species from the subfamilies Tragelaphniae, Reduncinae and Gazellinae were serologically positive. The positivity rate in rodents was only 1.2%.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of anxiolytics--buspirone and diazepam--on the prolactin, thyrotropin and cortisol content of the blood in the green monkey].

The influence of two anxiolytics--diazepam and buspirone--on prolactin, thyrotrophin and cortisol levels in green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) plasma was studied 30 min following i/m injection. Diazepam at 1 mg/kg decreased prolactin and cortisol levels by 30-50% compared to the control animals. Buspirone at 2.5-10 mg/kg induced a 7-10-fold increase in prolactin level but did not change cortisol and thyrotrophin concentration. Buspirone analog--Mj 138-05 at 10 mg/kg produced a 2-3-fold increase in plasma prolactin content in some animals, while at a dose of 5 mg/kg it exerted no detectable effect. Possible neurochemical mechanisms of the effects observed are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Quantitation of apolipoprotein E mRNA in the liver and peripheral tissues of nonhuman primates.

A sensitive DNA-excess solution hybridization assay was used to quantitate apo-E mRNA in the liver and peripheral tissues of two nonhuman primates, Macaca fascicularis and Cercopithecus aethiops. When expressed on the basis of total RNA, apo-E mRNA values for M. fascicularis adrenal, brain, testis, and spleen ranged from 17-52% of the liver value. Apo-E mRNA values for mesenteric lymph node, kidney, thymus, and skeletal muscle were 1-5% of the liver value. When expressed on a cellular basis, apo-E mRNA was most abundant in the liver at approximately 1200 molecules/cell. Peripheral tissues showed a continuous range of apo-E mRNA from 1.5 molecules/cell in the thymus up to 350 molecules/cell in the brain. Similar results were obtained with peripheral tissues from C. aethiops in which case apo-E mRNA also was found in skin, lung, skeletal muscle, small intestine, and vascular tissues such as heart, aorta, and brachial artery. Calculation of the total apo-E mRNA/organ showed that most of the apo-E mRNA was present in the liver. However, summation of apo-E mRNA in peripheral tissues indicated that 20-40% of total body apo-E mRNA was extrahepatic. This results indicates that apo-E made in peripheral tissues may play a quantitatively important role in cholesterol metabolism since peripheral tissues have the potential to contribute a significant fraction of plasma apo-E.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1986

Varicella-like herpesvirus infections of nonhuman primates.

At least three distinct herpesviruses cause varicella like exanthematous diseases among nonhuman primates. Spontaneous epizootics have resulted in high morbidity and mortality rates among Cercopithecus aethiops, Erythrocebus patas and Macaca species in research colonies. Mild infections have been observed in infant chimpanzees and a gorilla. This group of diseases is of interest not only because they are a threat to primate colonies, but also because their pathologic similarity to progressive human varicella makes them a potentially valuable animal model of this disease. The nonhuman primate varicella-like exanthematous diseases are reviewed and compared to varicella in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The primary structure of the mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx, Primates) hemoglobin.

The complete primary structure of the hemoglobin from the Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx, Primates) is presented. This hemoglobin comprises two components in approximately equal amounts (HB I and Hb II). The alpha-chains differ in positions 5 (A3) and 9 (A7) having Ala and Asn in the alpha I-chains and Asp and His in the alpha II-chains. The beta-chains are identical. The components could be separated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. The globin chains were obtained by carboxymethylcellulose chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography. The sequences were established by automatic liquid or gas phase Edman degradation of the chains and their tryptic peptides. The alpha-chains show 9 and 11 and the beta-chains 8 exchanges compared with the corresponding human chains, respectively. In the beta-chains one alpha 1/beta 1- and one alpha 1/beta 2-contact is substituted. A comparison of the primary structures of the Mandrill hemoglobin chains with those of other species of the Cercopithecidae family shows that Mandrillus sphinx should be placed between Cercopithecus and Macaca on one side and Papio, Theropithecus and Cercocebus on the other.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Animal models of Mycoplasma genitalium urogenital infection.

Male and female animals were inoculated urogenitally with Mycoplasma genitalium, recovered originally from men with nongonococcal urethritis. Mice, hamsters and male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were resistant. Male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were not as sensitive as male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): 9 of 11 developed an obvious genital tract infection, some shedding organisms for more than 18 weeks. M. genitalium was recovered from the blood of two of them when large numbers of organisms were in the urethra. Most of the chimpanzees colonized with the organisms had increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the genital tract and developed a fourfold or greater antibody response. Female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and female tamarins (Saguinus mystar) exhibited low-level genital tract infections following intravaginal inoculation, whereas marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and chimpanzees developed prolonged infections after similar inoculation; thus, female chimpanzees shed organisms for 12 to 15 weeks. Marmosets and grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) developed salpingitis with antibody responses after intraoviduct inoculation, and baboons (Papio anubis) developed parametritis after intracervical inoculation. The results offer substantial evidence for the pathogenicity of M. genitalium for the urogenital tract of subhuman primates, and suggest that the microorganism may have a role in human genital tract infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Congenital malformations and twinning in a breeding colony of Old World monkeys.

Clinical and necropsy records of malformations in Old World monkeys were compiled. The numbers of malformations and birth incidence rate for each species were: Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) 3 (1.02%); Cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) 11 (1.62%); Stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides) 3 (1.55%); African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) 4 (1.5%). There was one pair of rhesus twins (twinning rate: 0.34%). Cardiovascular and central nervous system lesions accounted for 55% of all malformations. Only two of the malformations were in inbred infants. Nine of twenty-one colony-born malformed infants lived 24 hours or more.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Encephalomyocarditis virus infection in African green and squirrel monkeys: comparison of pathologic effects.

This study compared the pathological effects of experimental encephalomyocarditis virus infection in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). African green monkeys died within 5 days post-inoculation and significant changes were limited to moderate to severe multifocal nonsuppurative necrotizing myocarditis. Squirrel monkeys were less severely affected and died or were euthanized 4 to 41 days post-inoculation. Myocardial and central nervous system changes in squirrel monkeys were minimal to moderate and variable in distribution, while pancreatic changes were more severe and included multifocal necrosis, subacute inflammation and atrophy of exocrine cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Discriminative stimulus properties of lysergic acid diethylamide in the monkey.

Four monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were trained to discriminate 0.06 mg/kg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) from saline in a two-key task in which correct responding was reinforced with food under a fixed ratio 32 schedule. The ED50 of LSD was 0.011 mg/kg. The nonhallucinogenic ergot, lisuride, and the hallucinogen, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, substituted completely for LSD (ED50 values were 0.0098 and 0.45 mg/kg, respectively). Mescaline (1-40 mg/kg), d-amphetamine (0.1-0.625 mg/kg) and apomorphine (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) did not substitute for LSD. In antagonism testing with ketanserin (1-10 mg/kg) or pirenperone (0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg), only the highest dose of pirenperone attenuated the LSD stimulus effect (to 55%). A 0.1-mg/kg dose of pirenperone produced nonresponding in three of four animals. The LSD cue was unaffected by clozapine (1 and 2 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) and pizotifen (0.6-1.8 mg/kg). The fact that lisuride does not readily cause hallucinations in humans, but yet substituted for LSD in primates, indicates that the LSD cue may not reflect the hallucinogenic properties of LSD. It is suggested that the LSD stimulus effect may depend on receptors (e.g., serotonergic) that, at the moment, are only poorly characterized.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Trypanosomal cardiac valvulitis in vervet monkeys.

Quarantined vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were infected with Trypanosoma brucei (10(4) parasites/animal) in a tsetse free area. Thirteen monkeys (11 infected with T.b. rhodesiense and 2 with T.b. brucei) were studied. Animals became parasitaemic within one week after infection. The infection time lasted between 21 and 129 days; in 8 monkeys it was between 50 and 70 days. Macroscopically massive pericarditis was observed in one, pericardial effusion in one, small apical aneurysms in three. Microscopically all had pancarditis of moderate to marked degree including all 4 chambers, the apices and the valvular appendages. Trypanosomes and inflammatory cells were found in the interstitium of the 3 cardiac layers. Lymphatic drainage of trypanosomes and inflammatory cells was seen in all hearts, the lymphatic vessels showing signs of stasis. By light microscopy trypanosomes and inflammatory cells were also shown to occur in all four types of heart valves implicating diffuse valvulitis. In two instances electron microscopy confirmed the intact presence of the trypanosomes clustering in great numbers in the pars elastica of the valves. In the collagenous part, some intact single trypanosomes were seen between collagen fibres. No amastigotes were observed. These results point to select sites in organ topography which in turn may be relevant to active disease, chemotherapy and healing. The possibility of hiding places within the heart - protecting trypanosomes from the host defense and/or chemotherapeutic agents - ought to be considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of oral pancreatic enzymes on the course of cholera in protein-deficient vervet monkeys.

The effect of pancreatic extract on the course of cholera infection in protein-deficient vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) was studied. Eleven animals were made protein deficient by diet. Thier intestinal pancreatic enzyme concentration decreased as they became protein depleted. These animals were then challenged with Vibrio cholerae. Four control animals given a standard diet were similarly challenged. Immediately after challenge, 6 of the protein-deficient monkeys were given a highly purified pancreatic extract at a dose of 500 mg per day, and the other 5 protein-deficient animals received heat-inactivated pancreatic extract. Pancreatic extract significantly reduced the severity and duration of diarrhea in the treated animals so that they resembled the controls. The period of fecal excretion of vibrios was prolonged in the group of monkeys which received inactivated pancreatic extract. In addition, the response of intestinal antibody titers to cholera toxin was also significantly lower in this latter group. These observations suggest that exocrine pancreatic secretion is involved in the local defense mechanism against cholera during prtein deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dermatophytosis, pseudo-dermatophytosis and healthy cutaneous portage observed in Platyrhini and Cynomorpha monkeys (author's transl)].

The most frequent tinea of the subhuman Primates are microsporosis due to Microsporum canis or trichophytosis at Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. simii. The T. mentagrophytes, an anthropo-zoophilic species must be differenciated from T. rubrum and T. interdigitale, dermatophytes of the man; due to the importance of that diagnosis in Primate mycology, some tests are used for the differenciation. Between the 226 monkeys investigated it was registered: 2 trichophytosis at T. mentagrophytes (an onychosis in a Cebus capucinus and a back-skin implantation in a Cercopithecus mona campbelli) and 13 cases of pseudo-dermatophytosis cutaneous disorders. From 40 of the 221 healthy subjects were discovered 14 porteur monkeys of keratinophilic fungi (2 T. terrestre, 1 Keratinomyces ajelloi, 5 Chrysosporium keratinophilus and 7 Chrysosporium sp.). The question of the alopecia of the Primates, without isolating a dermatophyte, was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Lesions of the central nervous system induced in nonhuman primates by live influenza viruses.

Intracerebral and intraspinal inoculations of non-neuropathic and neuropathic strains of influenza virus into rhesus, patas and cercopithecus monkeys resulted in an acute focal ependymitis, choroiditis and meningitis followed by focal ependymal denuding without parenchymal involvement. Aqueductal stenosis and moderate hydrocephalus developed in two animals as sequelae of ependymal cell loss.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

A study of New and Old World monkeys to determine the likelihood of a simian reservoir of smallpox.

The author presents data indicating that three species of New World monkeys (Cebus apella, Ateles paniscus, Lagothrix lagothricha) are not susceptible to Brazilian variola minor. Although the number of animals tested was not large, no experimental evidence was obtained to suggest that these species could form a non-human reservoir for smallpox in the Western Hemisphere. The results also indicate that Cercopithecus aethiops are not very susceptible to infection with either variola major or minor. Haemagglutination-inhibition tests of sera from monkeys from South America, Africa and the Philippines failed to reveal significant levels of poxvirus antibody. Previous studies have shown that Macaca irus, although susceptible to experimental infection with variola major, are not able to maintain the infection for more than a few generations of disease. The author concludes that there is as yet no clear experimental, serological or epidemiological evidence to support the hypothesis that smallpox can exist in wild simian populations.

Africa↗