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PubMed2001

Deceleration time in ischemic cardiomyopathy: relation to echocardiographic and scintigraphic indices of myocardial viability and functional recovery after revascularization.

BACKGROUND: In patients with heart failure secondary to left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, a short deceleration time (DT) successfully predicts clinical outcome. The impact of myocardial viability and revascularization on the mitral inflow velocities, however, is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent (201)Tl scintigraphy (SPECT) and 2D, Doppler, and dobutamine echocardiography (DE, to 40 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)) 2 days before CABG. Echocardiography was repeated 3 months after revascularization to determine recovery of function. Significant correlations were present between DT and LV contractile reserve by DE (r=0.72), scar perfusion defect by SPECT (r=-0.69), and the change in ejection fraction (DeltaEF) after surgery (r=0.77) (all P:<0.01). DT >150 ms effectively identified (sensitivity 79%, specificity 81%) patients with DeltaEF >/=5%. The population was divided into 2 groups according to DT: group 1 (DT >150 ms, n=21) and group 2 (DT </=150 ms, n=19). At baseline, NYHA class, LV EF, age, and use of cardiovascular drugs were similar between the 2 groups. The number of viable segments by both DE and SPECT, however, was higher in group 1 (both P:<0.01), and only patients in group 1 had an increase in EF (29+/-4.8% to 40+/-8%, P:<0.01) after surgery. Death and heart transplantation occurred in 7 patients from group 2 and 1 patient from group 1 (P:=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, the reduced amount of viable myocardium results in a restrictive mitral inflow pattern, which in turn predicts poor survival.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

The myocardial expression of the adenine nucleotide translocator isoforms is specifically altered in dilated cardiomyopathy.

The adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), the only mitochondrial carrier for ADP and ATP, combines mitochondrial energy-producing and cytosolic energy-consuming processes. The ANT function was observed to be impaired in explanted heart tissue from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In order to clarify whether an altered ANT isoform composition might be responsible for the restricted ANT function, we analyzed the ANT isoform expression pattern in the myocardium of patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy. The ANT isoform mRNA pattern was analyzed in explanted hearts from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 29), ischemic (n = 22) and valvular cardiomyopathy (n = 7) using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Myocardium from 12 subjects without heart disease was used as control. In addition, right ventricular biopsies from 47 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent cardiac catheterization were tested. A shift in the ANT isoform transcription profile was found in heart tissue from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, but not in those from patients with ischemic or valvular cardiomyopathy. The shift was characterized by an increase in the ANT1 mRNA percentage, a decrease in ANT2 and an unchanged ANT3 proportion. Both ventricles and the septum were affected by the shift. The alteration was also found in endomyocardial specimens taken from patients with ongoing dilated cardiomyopathy. An alteration in the ANT isoform pattern was found to be specific for dilated cardiomyopathy. It is not a general phenomenon of end-stage heart failure, but occurs already before the heart is finally damaged. Therefore, an altered ANT isoform expression appears to be a feature of a dilated cardiomyopathy-specific gene program.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

The effects of metabolic diseases on the cardiovascular system.

Many metabolic diseases result in pathological changes within the cardiovascular system, often with the most severe effects on the function of the heart and great vessels. Metabolic disorders affecting the heart include disorders of amino acid metabolism, storage diseases, neuromuscular diseases, diseases of metal and pigment metabolism, carnitine deficiency, and connective tissue disorders. Several inborn errors of metabolism may involve the myocardium due to the accumulation of abnormal metabolites in the myocardial cells. In addition, the heart valves and coronary vessels may be involved. If the predominant effect is in the myocardial cell, it will be manifested clinically as a cardiomyopathy. Some disorders, in particular oxalosis, may involve the conduction system as a result of the deposition of oxalate crystals and result in conduction disturbances such as in alkaptonuria, primary oxalosis, and homocystinuria. Myocardial involvement may result in cardiomyopathy of the three functional types: (1) congestive, as in Fabry's disease, (2) hypertrophic, as in glycogen storage disease, type II, or (3) restrictive, as in Gaucher's disease. In the storage disease severe valvular as well as myocardial involvement occur predominantly in the glycogen storage diseases, types II-IV, mucolipidoses, sphingolipidoses, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. There are a variety of neuromuscular disorders that may be associated with cardiomyopathy, including the muscular dystrophies, Friedreich's ataxia, and Kugelberg-Welander syndrome. The pathological features of these conditions are not specific, but result usually in a congestive form of cardiomyopathy. Patients with metal and pigment metabolic disorders include iron storage disease, either hemochromatosis or transfusional hemosiderosis, Menkes' kinky hair syndrome, and Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Either a restrictive or a congestive form of cardiomyopathy may occur. The systemic form of carnitine deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder and may present as a cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure and lipid accumulation in the myocardial cells. Connective tissue disorders are generalized diseases that may involve the heart and valvular tissue, but also the blood vessels. These include Marfan's syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and pseudo-xanthoma elasticum.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1997

Point mutations in mitochondrial DNA of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Mitochondrial (mt) DNA mutations are hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy, because the mtDNA encodes 13 polypeptides that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation, upon which the heart relies for energy. To test this hypothesis, we amplified the mitochondrial genome by long PCR and then used restriction analysis and direct sequencing to examine 58 unrelated patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 49 controls for the detection of point mutations. The results demonstrated that point mutations were significantly more frequent in the mtDNA of patients than in that of controls (173 in 58 patients v 54 in 49 controls, 2=16.51, P<0.001). In addition to normal variants and mutations common to both patients and controls, 43 mutations were identified only in patients. All but four of these mutations were homoplasmic. Mutations involving the evolutionarily conserved residues of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, NADH dehydrogenase 5, tRNAAla and tRNAArg were identified. As many as 13 point mutations were found in an 8-month-old patient. In conclusion, there exist significantly more point mutations in mtDNA of patients than in controls, suggesting that multiple mutations may exert a cumulative effect on heart function. Thus, by altering the function of respiratory enzyme subunits or tRNAs, mtDNA point mutations could be relevant for the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The results of transvenous endomyocardial biopsy can frequently be used to diagnose myocardial diseases in patients with idiopathic heart failure. Endomyocardial biopsies in 100 consecutive patients revealed a substantial incidence of myocarditis.

Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy is an accepted method to evaluate cardiac transplant rejection, but the clinical diagnostic value of the technique for other forms of cardiac disease has not been established. We performed biopsies in 100 consecutive patients without significant complications. The pathologic diagnostic information obtained was judged to be useful to the clinician in 54 and not useful in 46 patients. In 74 patients with congestive heart failure of unknown etiology and a dilated heart, useful pathologic diagnoses included myocarditis, vasculitis, doxorubicin cardiomyopathy, and congestive cardiomyopathy. In most of the patients with biopsy findings of myocarditis there were no other clinical or laboratory findings indicating the presence of this disease, and the diagnosis of myocarditis would have been overlooked without a biopsy. In 26 patients in whom there was clinical evidence of constrictive or restrictive cardiovascular physiologic characteristics, useful biopsy diagnoses included radiation-induced cardiomyopathy, endomyocardial fibrosis, amyloidosis, or no myocardial disease; in the patients without myocardial disease thoracotomies were performed for constrictive pericarditis. Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy can provide clinically useful information in the evaluation of diseases of the myocardium.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Peripartum cardiomyopathy. Clinical case series].

We report a retrospective analysis of four cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy admitted, within a 10-year period, to the maternity hospital of Sousse. The age of the patients was over 30 years, two had gemellary pregnancies and two suffered toxaemia. Congestive cardiac failure, mainly of the left ventricle, with acute pulmonary oedema, was the main symptom. Chest X-ray showed a cardiothoracic index above 0.58 and echocardiography a left ventricular telediastolic diameter above 5.7 cm and a shortening ratio of 25% or less. Endomyocardial biopsy for ascertaining the diagnosis was not available. Treatment included bed rest, water and salt restriction, digitalis, a diuretic and an anticoagulant in case antepartum cardiomyopathy, a converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic in case of postpartum cardiomyopathy. Three patients recovered totally and in one echocardiography showed a persisting impaired left ventricular function. Five neonates had a favourable outcome and one foetus died in utero. Main problems raised by peripartum cardiomyopathy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Extra-articular manifestations of seronegative spondylarthritis].

Seronegative spondylarthritis are frequently characterised by extra-articular manifestations. They are frequently in recurrent uveitis. Between the cutaneous manifestations should be mentioned erythema nodosum, typical of inflammatory bowel diseases, and keratoderma blenorrhagicum, in the Reiter's syndrome. Cardiac complications in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) include aortic valvular regurgitation and arrhythmia and, more rarely, mitral valvulopathy, cardiomyopathy and pericarditis. Pulmonary involvement in AS includes ventilatory restrictive syndrome and fibro-bullous disease of the apex. Vertebral osteoporosis is a very important extra-articular manifestation because of the possibility of spontaneous fractures of the vertebrae. Central neurological manifestations include medullary compression from cervical sub-luxation while the most important peripheral involvements are lumbar stenosis and the cauda equina syndrome. Type AA amyloidosis is a rare late complication of the AS, possible cause of death especially in patients with aggressive disease. Kidney complications can be observed as consequences of prolonged anti-inflammatory therapy, but the most frequent renal complications are amyloidosis and mesangial IgA segmental and focal glomerulonephritis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1990

Heart-lung transplantation: initial experience in New England.

Between May 1988 and June 1989, five combined heart-lung transplants were performed. There were two males, age 16 and 19 years, and three females age 33, 34, and 19 years. Three patients had primary pulmonary hypertension, one had cystic fibrosis, and the fifth had doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy with associated pulmonary hypertension. All patients were severely restricted in functional capacity and were oxygen-dependent. Four grafts were distantly procured (ischemic times 1:15, 2:35, 2:45, 3:45); one was procured on-site (ischemic time 0:58). Four of five grafts functioned well (PO2 on FIO2 30% postoperatively: 102, 120, 180, and 129 torr). One graft (distantly procured with an ischemic time of 1:15) showed total failure of oxygenation secondary to fluid overload during donor surgery; the recipient could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients were extubated 24 to 30 hours postoperatively. Rejection episodes have been infrequent and all have been successfully treated with pulse steroids. Four of the five patients are alive and well with normal cardiopulmonary function and normal functional capacity 15, 12, 8, and 6 months after surgery. Heart-lung transplantation is an effective therapy for properly selected patients with end-stage cardiopulmonary disease resulting from a variety of primary disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Two cases of postpartum cardiomyopathy initially misdiagnosed for pulmonary embolism.

PURPOSE: To underline the crucial role of urgent echocardiography in the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory and/or circulatory failure in the postpartum period. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 24-yr-old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a preliminary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) one week after Cesarean section. Neither computerized tomography nor Doppler sonography showed any signs of deep venous thrombosis or PE. In the ICU she required intubation and ventilatory support for acute respiratory and circulatory failure. Bedside echocardiography revealed features of left ventricular failure. A diagnosis of postpartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) was made, appropriate treatment instituted and the patient soon improved. A 29-yr-old, previously healthy primipara presented at the Maternity Clinic on the fourth postpartum day complaining of increasing dyspnea and fatigue. Within eight hours she required intubation, ventilatory support and subsequent defibrillation due to cardiac arrest. She was transferred to the ICU with a preliminary diagnosis of PE. She developed pulmonary edema followed by cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation. Bedside echocardiography revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction below 30% with an increased systolic diameter of the left ventricle, restrictive diastolic abnormalities and no signs of pulmonary hypertension. Peripartum cardiomyopathy was diagnosed and supportive treatment for heart failure was instituted. CONCLUSION: It is possible to misdiagnose postpartum cardiomyopathy for PE. An error in diagnosis is life-threatening for the patient. Echocardiography is a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis. As a noninvasive procedure, it should be performed at the bedside as soon as possible to institute proper treatment and to avoid potentially fatal errors.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Epidemiology of desmin and cardiac actin gene mutations in a european population of dilated cardiomyopathy.

AIMS: Although dilated cardiomyopathy is the most frequent form of cardiomyopathy, its aetiology is still poorly understood. In about 20-30% of cases the disease is familial with a large predominance of autosomal dominant transmission. Ten different chromosomal loci have been described for autosomal dominant forms of dilated cardiomyopathy. Only two genes have been associated with pure forms (without myopathy and/or conduction disorders) of the disease, the cardiac actin and the desmin genes. Our aim was to determine the proportion of dilated cardiomyopathy affected individuals carrying a mutation in one of these two genes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed (1) a systematic polymerase chain reaction-SSCP-sequencing screening of the coding sequences of cardiac actin on DNA samples from 43 probands of dilated cardiomyopathy families and 43 sporadic cases; (2) a systematic polymerase chain reaction-SSCP-sequencing screening of the coding sequences of desmin combined with a search for the described missense mutation (Ile451Met) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on DNA samples from 41 probands of dilated cardiomyopathy families and 22 sporadic cases. CONCLUSION: None of the patients presents a mutation in any of these two genes. Consequently, the proportion of European dilated cardiomyopathy affected individuals bearing a mutation in (1) the cardiac actin gene is less than 1.2%, (2) the desmin gene is less than 1.6%.

Actins↗
PubMed2005

No positive association between adrenergic receptor variants of alpha2cDel322-325, beta1Ser49, beta1Arg389 and the risk for heart failure in the Japanese population.

AIMS: We investigated the correlation of adrenergic receptor polymorphisms, alpha(2c)Del322-325, beta(1)Ser49Gly and beta(1)Arg389Gly, with the risk of heart failure in the Japanese population. METHODS: These polymorphisms were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in patients with chronic heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and compared with the control group. RESULTS: There were no differences or any trends in the allele and genotype frequencies of the beta(1)Ser49Gly and beta(1)Arg389Gly polymorphisms. The allele frequency of the alpha(2c)Del322-325 variant was lower in patients than in controls (0.11 vs. 0.04, P = 0.011 < 0.017, by Bonferroni correction), while the genotype frequency just failed to reach significance (P = 0.022 > 0.017, by Bonferroni correction). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the variants beta(1)Ser49, beta(1)Arg389, and alpha(2c)Del322-325 do not appear to be risk factors for chronic heart failure due to DCM. The alpha(2c)Del322-325 variant may in fact confer some protection.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Doppler echocardiography in hypertrophic myocardiopathy].

Hypertrophic cardiomiopathy is a peculiar process with different anatomical and functional abnormalities which are present in different degrees in each case. Echocardiography and Doppler techniques have contributed definitively to the knowledge of this process and these procedures are choices for establishing the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and to evaluate the clinical and morphological diversity of this process consisting of a spectrum of abnormalities with a variable presence in each case. Disproportionate septal hypertrophy is the most frecuent finding but the hypertrophy can involve other segments and different patterns can be present; concentric hypertrophy, apical, involving right ventricle, inverted asymetric, etc. Anterior mitral valve motion can be produced by the interrelation between anatomic factors of the valve, geometry of the outflow tract and physical forces produced by flow changes. Doppler echocardiography allows us to evaluate subaortic obstruction, to define its site, to demonstrate and measure the degree of mitral regurgitation and to carry out intraoperative studies. In hypertrophy cardiomyopathy the pattern of delayed relaxation is the most frequent but patients with severe obstruction and mitral regurgitation can pseudonormalize this pattern and even show restrictive patterns.

Aorta↗
PubMed2000

Histological assessment of apoptotic cell death in cardiomyopathies.

Apoptosis in the myocardium is complex and often difficult to recognise. Myocyte apoptosis is scattered across the myocardial wall and is restricted to individual cells. In the present study, we describe the amount of apoptosis in 50 endomyocardial biopsies taken from 50 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, in 14 hearts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in five hearts with arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle. As a control group, 15 endomyocardial biopsies from 15 transplanted hearts (of live patients) were used. Apoptosis was immunohistochemically determined in paraffin sections with the TUNEL method. In each specimen the TUNEL index was calculated as the percentage of TUNEL-positive nuclei among a total number of 200 counted nuclei. Cellular morphology was assessed in conjunction with TUNEL staining. The mean percentage of TUNEL-positive myocardial cells varied from 4% for dilated cardiomyopathy to 17.5% for arrhythmogenic right ventricle dysplasia and 18.5% for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, whereas no signs of apoptotic myocardial cell death were found in normal subjects. The numbers of apoptotic cells in dilated cardiomyopathy specimens were significantly lower by comparison with both those of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and those of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia specimens. It is evident that apoptosis constitutes a major biological phenomenon in the development of at least some heart diseases, but its role in their pathophysiology has yet to be delineated.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Genesis of the restrictive filling pattern: pericardial constraint or myocardial restraint.

BACKGROUND: Restrictive filling pattern has been predictive of heart failure in patients with cardiomyopathy and after myocardial infarction, and is similar to the filling pattern in constrictive pericarditis and amyloid heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of both myocardial restraint and pericardial constraint in a chronic left ventricular dysfunction model with restrictive filling. METHODS: After instrumentation, a flat balloon containing a high-fidelity pressure catheter was inserted through a pericardial incision in 12 dogs with chronic left ventricular dysfunction. Intracardiac volume (ICV) was manipulated by inferior venal caval balloon occlusion and volume loading while hemodynamics, echo-assessed chamber size, and transmitral Doppler were obtained at the same atrial paced rate with an intact pericardium and after pericardiectomy. RESULTS: With an intact pericardium, deceleration time increased with reduced ICV (130 +/- 35 vs 153 +/- 47 milliseconds, P <.05) and shortened with increased ICV (107 +/- 45 milliseconds, P <.05). The filling fraction at one-third of diastole decreased with reduced ICV (45.6 +/- 29.3 vs 24.2 +/- 15.8%, P <.01) and increased with increased ICV (60.1 +/- 14.8%, P <.05). Deceleration time could be predicted from intrapericardial pressure, the transmural left ventricular chamber stiffness constant, and filling fraction at one-third of diastole. After pericardiectomy, deceleration time also shortened with increased ICV (141 +/- 26 vs 112 +/- 38 milliseconds, P <.01). However, filling fraction at one-third of diastole was markedly reduced at paced baseline (19.9 +/- 14.4%, P <.01) and with increased ICV (15.5 +/- 11.8%, P <.001) as compared with an intact pericardium. CONCLUSIONS: Pericardial constraint and myocardial restraint play a role in restrictive filling pattern. Pericardial constraint becomes evident with redistribution of diastolic filling to later in diastole after pericardiectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

DNA biomarkers antecede semiquantitative anthracycline cardiomyopathy.

Adriamycin (ADM, or doxorubicin hydrochloride) is an effective antineoplastic agent whose use is restricted by its well-described, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. This study measures ADM DNA adduct formation by 32P-radiolabeling DNA, enzymatically digesting radiolabeled DNA, separating the formed adducts on two-dimensional thinlayer chromatography (2D-TLC), and quantitating the adducts with autoradiography and densitometry. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats are randomized to receive ADM at varying intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection concentrations: 0.9% saline i.p. controls, 4 mg/kg ADM i.p., and 6 mg/kg ADM i.p. Myocardial and pulmonary tissues are harvested 48 hours after i.p. injection for autoradiographic and histopathologic analyses. The results indicate differences in the amount and type of adduct formation as a function of ADM concentration. Increased partial depurination of dGMP and dAMP occurs with increasing ADM concentration at equal incubation times. This depurination correlates with the emergence of new adducts HM-dUMP, 8-OH-dGMP, HM-dCMP, and Me-dCMP. The quantification of these adducts can potentially represent an early marker of ADM cardiotoxicity and thereby optimize the efficacy of individual chemotherapy regimens while minimizing adverse effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Pattern of cardiac fibrosis in rabbits periodically fed a magnesium-restricted diet and administered rare earth chloride through drinking water.

It has been postulated that causation of the tropical cardiomyopathy endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is linked to magnesium (Mg) deficiency and cardiac toxicity of the rare earth element cerium (Ce). The aim of the present study was to define the myocardial lesions in rabbits that were fed on Mg-restricted diet (70-80 ppm) periodically and were provided drinking water contaminated with rare earth chloride (1 g/L). Forty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups following a 2 x 2 factorial design. Two groups were periodically fed on Mg-restricted diet with one of them receiving water contaminated with rare earth chloride. The other two groups were continuously fed on Mg-sufficient diet (350-400 ppm) with one of them receiving water contaminated with rare earth chloride. All animals were sacrificed at the end of 6 mo. Cardiac tissues were subjected to histology, elemental analysis (calcium [Ca], Mg, and Ce) and estimation of collagen content and collagen phenotypes. Histological lesions were compared with those of EMF in humans and those of acute Mg deficiency in animals. The results suggest that in rabbits, recurrent episodes of Mg deficiency lead to myocardial fibrosis similar to the pattern observed in human EMF.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Intrarenal determinants of sodium retention in mild heart failure: effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition.

The onset and the mechanisms leading to Na+ retention in incipient congestive heart failure (CHF) have not been systematically investigated. To investigate renal Na+ handling in the early or mild stages of CHF, Na+ balance and renal clearances were assessed in 10 asymptomatic patients with idiopathic or ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and mild heart failure (HF) off treatment (left ventricular ejection fraction, 29.7+/-2%) and in 10 matched normal subjects during a diet containing 100 mmol/d of NaCl and after 8 days of high salt intake (250 mmol/d). Six patients were studied again after 6 weeks of treatment with enalapril (5 mg/d P.O.). At the end of the high salt diet, in patients with mild HF the cumulative Na+ balance exceeded by 110 mmol that of normal subjects (F=3.86, P<.001). During high salt intake, renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were similarly increased in both normal subjects and mild HF patients. In spite of comparable increases of filtered Na+ in the two groups, fractional excretion of Na+, fractional clearance of free water, and fractional excretion of K+ (indexes of distal delivery of Na+) increased in normal subjects and were reduced in patients with mild HF. During enalapril treatment, in the mild HF patients the cumulative Na+ balance was restored to normal; furthermore, enalapril significantly attenuated the abnormalities in the distal delivery of Na+. Our results indicate that a defective adaptation of Na+ reabsorption in the proximal nephron is associated with Na+ retention in response to increased salt intake in the early or mild stages of HF. These abnormalities of renal Na+ handling are largely reversed by enalapril.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Insulin deficiency and reduced expression of lipogenic enzymes in cardiomyopathic hamster.

Evidence is given that the heart of the cardiomyopathic UM-X7.1 hamster has a lipid composition different from that of the same tissue isolated from animals of the Syrian hamster parent strain. Also, noncardiac tissues from cardiomyopathic and healthy hamsters exhibit significant compositional differences. On the basis of these preliminary observations, a comparative study of the hepatic biosynthesis of lipids in cardiomyopathic and healthy Syrian hamsters was undertaken. The results obtained indicate that the cardiomyopathic hamster is characterized by a generalized disturbance of lipid metabolism. In particular, the fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activities were significantly lower in the liver of UM-X7.1 hamsters than in age-matched healthy controls fed the same diet. Northern blot analysis of the mRNAs encoding the two enzymatic proteins and the "lipogenic" S14 nuclear protein indicated that the transcription of the respective genes was impaired in UM-X7.1.Short-term dietary manipulations modulated the expression of the above-mentioned genes both in cardiomyopathic and healthy animals. However, dietary carbohydrates were less effective in inducing the expression of lipogenic enzymes in UM-X7.1 liver than healthy controls. The main determinant of the metabolic defect pointed out in the present work appears to be represented by the low insulin level detectable in the plasma of the cardiomyopathic hamster.-Vecchini, A., L. Binaglia, M. Bibeau, M. Minieri, F. Carotenuto, and P. Di Nardo. Insulin deficiency and reduced expression of lipogenic enzymes in cardiomyopathic hamster. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 96;-105.

Age Factors↗