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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The effect of age on vestibulo-ocular reactions].

Elderly persons are affected in addition to other findings, by an overall reduction of their bodily and mental reactions. Their sensory ability decreases, such as hearing, vision, smell, and taste. With increasing age disturbances of the balance system occur more frequently, resulting in disequilibrium, vertigo, light-headedness, and falling. - The aim of this study was to find out physiological changes in the vestibular system that are connected with aging processes. For this study we selected 470 patients from 1500 neurotologic routine patients of 1 to 90 years of age. All of these patients underwent a routine neurotologic test battery including caloric, rotatory, and optokinetic tests with electro-nystagmographic recording and vestibular spinal tests. The results show that vestibular ocular reactions change markedly during the period of nine decades. The nystagmus reactions, expressed by the nystagmus parameters of frequency, amplitude, and maximal slow phase velocity, of children differ from those of adults and more pronounced from those of aged persons. Quantitative nystagmus dynamics after caloric and rotatory stimulation are accompanied by qualitative changes of the nystagmus signal. Signs of destruction appear with increasing age that may lead to unreadable electronystagmograms. These changes are the result of age-related physiological changes occurring in the sensory, cerebral, peripheral nervous and muscular systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Exercise strategies for vestibular disorders.

Two exercise approaches can be used in the treatment of decreased or absent vestibular function--adaptation of the vestibular system and the substitution of alternative strategies to replace vestibular function. If the patient has remaining vestibular function, exercises that enhance vestibular adaptation are emphasized. Patients with complete loss of vestibular function are given exercises that promote substitution of alternative strategies for the lost vestibular function. The exercises can be modified according to certain characteristics of the vestibular system. Vestibular function tests such as caloric, rotational, and posturography tests provide necessary information for deciding which exercise approach is most appropriate for the patient.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

[Otoneurologic findings in multiple sclerosis. Stapedius reflex, vestibular evaluation, early acoustic evoked potentials].

Symptoms such as tinnitus, hearing and taste disorders and facial palsy seldom occur in multiple sclerosis. Although ENT symptoms are few, vestibular and acoustic stapedius reflex tests combined with brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) are available, and may give very useful evidence of the existence of MS. 52 patients with definite MS, and 13 patients with probable MS were examined (classified according to the McAlpine criteria). The vestibular and acoustic stapedius reflex tests were abnormal in 51%/61% and 61%/53% respectively of both groups. The corresponding figures for BAEP were 69% and 63%. The combination of the three tests on all patients showed at least one pathological finding.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1979

The normal nystagmic response of infants to caloric and perrotatory stimulation.

Infants (276) were tested with perrotatory and caloric vestibular stimulation at 3-month intervals, from birth till 12 months of age and at 6-month intervals from 12 to 24 months. They were grouped by gestational age and weight at birth. Statistical analyses of the various features of the nystagmus obtained at different ages were performed. Premature and low weight infants were found to have the longest latency and smallest frequency, amplitude and speed of slow component during the first 6 months. As they matured, the latency of response became shorter while the other parameters increased. Complete maturation of responses was attained in all infants within 6 to 12 months of age. Standards for normal vestibular responses in infants up to 24 months of age are set in this study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Otoneurological observation and classification of Harada's disease presenting with aural symptoms, especially vertigo.

Harada's disease is an uncommon autoimmune disease affecting melanocytes located in the uvea, inner ear, skin, hair, and meninges. A classification of Harada's disease presenting with aural symptoms, especially vertigo, was devised on the basis of otoneurological findings. Peripheral vestibular dysfunction, such as staggering in the stepping test, rotato-horizontal or horizontal nystagmus, and diminished labyrinthine function in the caloric nystagmus test, was observed in the vast majority of these patients. Harada's disease with such features was designated as the peripheral type, and was further divided into vestibular, cochleo-vestibular, and cochlear subtypes. Patients only rarely presented with symptoms or signs of central nervous system involvement, and Harada's disease with such features was designated as the central type.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Balance function testing: a rational approach.

Recent advances in the area of balance function testing have left clinicians with a wide variety of diagnostic tests that provide insights into the function of the balance system. Laboratory tests used to evaluate the balance system include electronystagmography, rotational chair, and dynamic posturography. This article summarizes the currently available balance function testing protocols. A cost-effective and rational protocol for the application of these tests is provided.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed2003

Drop attacks and vertigo secondary to a non-meniere otologic cause.

BACKGROUND: Tumarkin falls are sudden drop-attack falls that occur in a subset of patients with Meniere syndrome (endolymphatic hydrops), an inner ear disorder characterized by vertigo spells and hearing loss. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features and quantitative audiovestibular testing results in a case series of patients with Tumarkin falls, episodic vertigo, and normal hearing. SETTING: University referral center for disorders of balance and hearing. METHODS: Case series (unselected) of all patients with Tumarkin falls and a normal audiogram at least 1 year after onset of vestibular symptoms (n = 6) from a retrospective analysis of the records of all patients with Tumarkin falls presenting to Neurotology Clinic at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif, from October 1, 1975, to February 1, 2001 (N = 55). Quantitative audiologic and vestibular function testing, neurologic history, and examination were performed. RESULTS: Five of 6 patients had unilateral caloric paresis, and 1 had bilateral vestibulopathy. Five of 6 had a personal and/or family history of migraine headaches meeting International Headache Society criteria. All patients had a subjective sensation of feeling pushed by an external force, and half of the patients had a subjective tilt of the environment concurrent with the fall. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of migraine is high in this subgroup of patients with Tumarkin falls and normal hearing. The clinical description of the falls is similar to those associated with Meniere syndrome. Further studies are needed to understand the etiology of Tumarkin falls in these patients with normal hearing.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recognition of food in weanling rats exposed to alcohol prenatally.

Offspring of rats fed a liquid diet containing ethanol during their pregnancies were compared to controls on a caloric discrimination test beginning at 22 days of age. All pups received simultaneous choice between a palatable, noncaloric diet and a similar diet containing starch. Each diet contained a distinctive flavor. To test for flavor preference learning, pups then received an extinction test: a simultaneous choice between two noncaloric diets, identical except for flavor. Prenatal alcohol exposure had no substantial effect on the caloric discrimination, and all groups preferentially ingested the starch diet on all test days. However, during the extinction test, alcohol-exposed pups showed a significantly weaker flavor preference than control pups. These data extend the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on learning and ingestive behavior to include solid food discriminations at the time of weaning.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1980

Hyperventilation and vertigo.

An electronystagmographic study was conducted on 19 normal subjects, in order to observe whether the subjective sensation of dizziness provoked by hyperventilation could be confirmed objectively by nystagmus. Each of them had two electronystagmograms, the first being a routine ENG and the second a repetition of the first, but with additional periods of 90 sec. of hyperventilation at certain precise pre-determined moments of the test. Hyperventilation was not shown to have significant effect on the slow phase of post caloric nystagmus; however, it increased significantly (p = 0.061) the number of positions in which nystagmus was elicited. Hyperventilation would have such an effect in producing a certain degree of cerebral hypoxia through cerebral vasoconstriction and the Bohr effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of hyperventilation on the vestibular system].

Nineteen normal subjects with no past history of hearing or balance impairment have undergone an electronystagmogram (E.N.G.), according to the usual technique in our laboratory. About one month or more after this first test, they underwent a second E.N.G. but this time with periods of hyperventilation distributed at certain precise moments of the test. Our analyses have not demonstrated that hyperventilation causes nystagmus or enhances in preexisting nystagmus in normal subjects, although the changes in the positional test were close to being significant.

Adult↗