Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CLIMATE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Influence of work conditions and climate factors on respiratory diseases prevalence among workers of Northern regions].

The article deals with study covering influence of industrial and climate hazards on respiratory diseases prevalence among workers of wash-house situated in cool climate, with search of the most informative values for organization of social and hygienic monitoring. The results proved that the controlled values should include not only dust load and ambient air temperature, but also "duration of work in ambient air speed over allowable value", "duration of work in ambient air humidity over allowable value", "length of service in North" and "climate area of previous dwelling".

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed2002

[Impact of global climate changes on arboviruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and ticks].

Global warming [+0.5-0.6 degree C during the second half of the 20th century] seems a reality although climatologists did not reach a common agreement on its actual origin, and this phenomenon may still increase along the 21st century [+1.5 to 6 degrees C]. Epidemiologists are anxious at the eventual effects of the resulting climate change on the evolution of arbovirus infections transmitted to human beings by hematophagous vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. Analysis of the literature devoted to this problem did not lead to precise conclusions and the mathematical models used seems insufficient for they take into account mainly the climatic factors and not enough the human ones. Examples of dengue, european tick-borne encephalitis and other arbovirus infections are discussed. Peculiar attention is devoted to the eventual effects of climatic changes on the hibernation process in some small mammals and the timing of bird's migrations, involved in enzootic cycles of arboviruses. It is likely that arbovirus diseases may locally extend, both in latitude and altitude, leading to outbreaks, but regressions may also occur.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The effects of large-scale afforestation and climate change on water allocation in the Macquarie River catchment, NSW, Australia.

Widespread afforestation has been proposed as one means of addressing the increasing dryland and stream salinity problem in Australia. However, modelling results presented here suggest that large-scale tree planting will substantially reduce river flows and impose costs on downstream water users if planted in areas of high runoff yield. Streamflow reductions in the Macquarie River, NSW, Australia are estimated for a number of tree planting scenarios and global warming forecasts. The modelling framework includes the Sacramento rainfall-runoff model and IQQM, a streamflow routing tool, as well as various global climate model outputs from which daily rainfall and potential evaporation data files have been generated in OzClim, a climate scenario generator. For a 10% increase in tree cover in the headwaters of the Macquarie, we estimate a 17% reduction in inflows to Burrendong Dam. The drying trend for a mid-range scenario of regional rainfall and potential evaporation caused by a global warming of 0.5 degree C may cause an additional 5% reduction in 2030. These flow reductions will decrease the frequency of bird-breeding events in Macquarie Marshes (a RAMSAR protected wetland) and reduce the security of supply to irrigation areas downstream. Inter-decadal climate variability is predicted to have a very significant influence on catchment hydrologic behaviour. A further 20% reduction in flows from the long-term historical mean is possible, should we move into an extended period of below average rainfall years, such as occurred in eastern Australia between 1890 and 1948. Because current consumptive water use is largely adapted to the wetter conditions of post 1949, a return to prolonged dry periods would cause significant environmental stress given the agricultural and domestic water developments that have been instituted.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2002

Climate feedbacks at the tundra-taiga interface.

Feedbacks, or internal interactions, play a crucial role in the climate system. Negative feedback will reduce the impact of an external perturbation, a positive feedback will amplify the effect and could lead to an unstable system. Many of the feedbacks found in the climate system are positive; thus, for example, increasing CO2 levels will increase temperature, reduce the snow cover, increase the absorption of radiation and hence increase temperature further. The most obvious feedbacks, such as the snow example quoted above, are already included within our models of the climate and earth system. Others, such as the impact of increasing forest cover due to global warming, are only just being included. Others, such as, the impact of global warming on the northern peatlands and the impact of freshwater flows on the Arctic Ocean are not yet considered. The contrast in surface characteristics between low tundra vegetation to high taiga forest is considerable. The contrast is greatest in the winter, when the tundra is snow covered but the trees of the taiga protrude through the snow pack, and is probably the greatest contrast found on the land surface anywhere. This variation causes massive changes in the energy fluxes at the surface and hence the temperature conditions on the ground and within the atmosphere. There will be large resultant changes in the vegetation development, the carbon fluxes, the permafrost and the hydrology. The Arctic is already experiencing change and it is essential for us to understand the basic processes, and how these interact, to be confident of our predictions of environmental change in the future.

Air↗
PubMed2002

Design of a climate-dependent water reuse project.

Reclaimed water storage is imperative in water reuse management. Climate is a primary factor controlling reclaimed water storage design by its significant influence on irrigation water needs as well as on stored water quality. This study presents a modelling approach that has been applied to assist the design of a climate-dependent water reuse project on an Atlantic island. Models for predicting irrigation water needs and water quality in tertiary lagoons were coupled with a technical-economic model to design reclaimed water storage facilities. Three scenarios corresponding to different augmentation of current reclaimed water reuse were investigated. According to the modelling, the storage sizes to meet the water quantity required for irrigation increased with water deficit--the difference between evapotranspiration and precipitation. The size of tertiary lagoons to meet required water quality was found to be larger than the size to meet required water quantity. To meet both quantitative irrigation needs and <1,000 FC/100 ml irrigation and disposal regulation, extending the tertiary lagoon system would be more cost-effective than storage calculated to meet only quantitative irrigation needs supplemented with UV disinfection. The reliability of reclaimed water storage design was estimated with 40 years historic climatic records.

Climate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thermal compensation of respiration in pulmonate snails (Pulmonata) of Arion and Deroceras genera living in polar and temperate climatic zone].

Comparison of respiration rate in pulmonate snails living in various climatic zones demonstrated higher constant a in representatives of Arion genus (A. subfucus and A. fasciatus) from Polar Area (Murmansk Region) as compared to inhabitants of temperate latitudes (Moscow Region). The snails of Deroceras genus (D. reticulatum) from these two climatic zones were indistinguishable by relative standard metabolism. Different effects of climatic thermal conditions on respiration rates in representatives of these two snail genera can be due to their specific biology. Representatives of Deroceras genus are short-cycle synanthropic species, while the snails of Arion genus are long-cycle species living mostly in the forest zone.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Characteristics of regional climate change and pattern analysis on Ordos Plateau.

The characteristics of precipitation, temperature and their combination determine the special ecological environment pattern of Ordos Plateau. Analyzing its evolutionary trend attributes to understanding the succession process of the ecological environment of Ordos Plateau and has crucial instructional significance on the ecological restoration research being conducted in this region. Four time scales, arranging from ten days, one month, one season growing season contrasting to non-growing season) to one year were adopted to analyze the climate data which included nearly 30 years and were collected by eight weather stations on Ordos Plateau. The results indicated that the mean annual temperature and the mean monthly temperature of February, September and December, had increased significantly during the late 30 years. The annual precipitation did not show significant changes but its distribution pattern had changed obviously. The ratio of precipitation of major growing season (May-October) to annual precipitation had increased distinctively, and five counties' precipitation reached statistically significant level. And the ratio of precipitation of latter growing season (September) to one year decreased significantly while the ratio of non-growing season (November-next April) to one year changed insignificantly. The results showed that maybe the interaction of increased mean temperature and insignificant change of precipitation in non-growing season was one of the reasons why the desertification of the region was deteriorating in recent years. Using some factors closely relating to vegetation succession such as mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, distributive pattern of precipitation, mean temperature of the coldest month, mean temperature of the warmest month, precipitation of the warmest month, mean temperature of growing season, precipitation of growing season, potential evapotranspiration(PET) and radiative dryness index(RDI), to synthetically analyze the climate characteristics of Ordos Plateau. The regionalized Ordos Plateau to three synthetical climate types were recognized as follows: Type I, semi-humid and low evaporation(including Jungar Banner, Dongsheng City and Ejin Horo Banner), Type II, semi-arid, semi-humid and moderate evaporation(including Uxin Banner and Dalad Banner), Type III, arid and high evaporation(including Hanggin Banner, Otog Banner and Otog Qian Banner).

China↗
PubMed2002

[Relationship between climatic factors and wannanhua sow's reproductivity].

Data on reproductive traits of 670 litters of different Am genotypes Wannanhua sow under different climatic conditions were analyzed by the least square model in order to investigate the effects of the climate factors and the Am genotypes on sow's reproductivity. The results showed that the reproductive performance of sow depended on the monthly change of climate regularly. High temperature from July to September had worse effect on sow's reproductivity, especially (P < 0.05). A certain variation existed among reproductive performances of Wannanhua sows at Am loci. AmAB's was better, followed by AmAA, then AmBB and AmBC were poor. But the variance was in significant (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was strong interactive effect between Am genotypes and the breeding season. In addition, the litter size, the number of live born and the number of weaning pig had a negative correlation with the mean air temperature and photoperiod significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Symptomatic intestinal amoebiasis and climatic parameters.

Symptomatic intestinal amoebiasis is an important problem, especially in the developing world. The relationships between climatic parameters and amoebic dysentery cases were evaluated in this study. Climatic data were obtained from the local meteorological department and the diagnosis of amoebic dysentery was established by clinical and laboratory investigation. Monthly mean temperature (r = 0.755, p = 0.005), monthly mean maximum temperature (r = 0.711, p = 0.01), monthly mean temperature at 100 cm underground (r = 0.818, p = 0.001) and monthly mean humidity values (r = -0.656, p = 0.02) correlated significantly with symptomatic disease. Although inverse relationships were found for humidity and atmospheric pressure, the monthly mean atmospheric pressure (r = -0.084) did not seem to have a significant effect on intestinal amoebiasis (p = 0.80). Thus, when the weather warmed up, the frequency of symptomatic intestinal amoebiasis increased significantly. To improve the ability to predict disease trends, it seems logical to assess the independent and interactive effects of climatic parameters on disease impact.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Relationship of dengue fever epidemic to aedes density changed by climate factors in Guangdong Province].

In order to explore and quantify the relation between probability of dengue episode and aedes density, and climate factors, and also, to provide scientific approach for prevention and supervision of dengue fever, data on dengue fever cases, aedes vector's supervision and climate factors such as average air temperature, lowest air temperature, highest air temperature, sunlight, rainfall and relative humidity were collected and, were analyzed by correlation analysis, stepwise regression and logistic regression method. The results showed that the logistic regression equation: p (1) = 1/[1 + e-(-7.750 + 0.391 BI)], indicating that meteorology parameter correlating with breteau index(BI) were rainfall, sunlight, average air temperature, lowest average air temperature and relative humidity; by stepwise regression analysis, the regression equation: viz.: YBI = 24.800 + 0.826 X1 + 0.020 X2 - 0.418X3, X1 representing lowest average air temperature, and X2 representing rainfall and X3 representing relative humidity. It is suggested that the influence of climate factor on vector aedes density is complicated. But its primary influence factors are lowest average air temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. The primary influence factors of dengue episode are breteau index.

Aedes↗
PubMed2003

Climate change and reliability of urban water supply.

This paper describes a probability-based method for assessing the potential impact of climate change on urban water supply systems. Specifically, the assessment method uses probability distributions to place a confidence level on the plausible values of response variables. The Benalla water supply system has been used to demonstrate applicability of the proposed assessment method. For the application, impact of the 2030 climate change scenarios on streamflows and system yield has been examined. The preliminary results have demonstrated that the proposed assessment method can provide valuable insights into the impact of climate change on water supply systems, allowing it to be incorporated into planning decisions.

Cities↗
PubMed2004

Coupling of climate change and biotic UV exposure through changing snow-ice covers in terrestrial habitats.

During the spring, when ozone depletion at the polar regions is at its maximum and consequently the environmental UV exposure is potentially high, many terrestrial communities are covered in snow and heterogeneous snow-encrusted ice that form near the edges of snowpack. Using field measurements and a theoretical radiative transfer model, we calculated the thicknesses of these covers that are necessary to reduce DNA-weighted dose to levels equal to or lower than those received later in the season in the absence of covers when there is no ozone depletion. This depth is approximately 4 cm for a 60% depletion of the ozone column, suggesting that even thin snow-ice covers are enough to completely cancel the biological effects of ozone depletion. Loss of snow-ice covers during early summer can be rapid. The maximum rate of retreat of snow cover measured during November at Mars Oasis, Antarctica (71.9 degrees S, 68.2 degrees W), was 44.1 cm/day, with a mean retreat of 15.4 cm/day. Climate warming might increase UV-radiation damage by melting UV-protecting terrestrial snow-ice covers earlier in the season, when ozone depletion is more severe. Conversely, climate cooling could increase UV-protection afforded to terrestrial communities by increasing the extent of snow and ice covers. Even if anthropogenic ozone depletion is eventually reversed, these data suggest the importance of climate forcing in determining UV exposures of terrestrial microbial communities in snow- and ice-covered environments.

Climate↗
PubMed2004

Water governance: learning by developing adaptive capacity to incorporate climate variability and change.

There is increasing evidence that global climate variability and change is affecting the quality and availability of water supplies. Integrated water resources development, use, and management strategies, represent an effective approach to achieve sustainable development of water resources in a changing environment with competing demands. It is also a key to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It is critical that integrated water management strategies must incorporate the impacts of climate variability and change to reduce vulnerability of the poor, strengthen sustainable livelihoods and support national sustainable development. UNDP's strategy focuses on developing adaptation in the water governance sector as an entry point within the framework of poverty reduction and national sustainable development. This strategy aims to strengthen the capacity of governments and civil society organizations to have access to early warning systems, ability to assess the impact of climate variability and change on integrated water resources management, and developing adaptation intervention through hands-on learning by undertaking pilot activities.

Climate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical and ecological assessment of climate effects on urolithiasis morbidity in population of Primorsky territory].

The article presents medicoecological estimation of quantitative relations between monsoon climate and urolithiasis primary morbidity in the Primorsky Territory. Quantitative estimation of the climate was performed by V. I. Rusanov (1973) who calculated daily meteorological data for 1 p.m. throughout 1991-1999. Primary urolithiasis morbidity for this period of time was provided by regional health department. The data were processed by methods of medical mapping and paired correlation analysis. In the Territory, mapping revealed the same location of the zones with high frequency of discomfortable weather of class V and VI causing chilblain in positive air temperatures and zones with elevated primary urolithiasis morbidity in children and adults. Correlation analysis confirmed mapping results and determined significant negative correlations between frequency of relatively comfortable moment weather classes II-IV and morbidity of children and adults, positive correlation between frequency of discomfortable class VI and adult morbidity. Thus, high frequency of days per year with discomfortable classes of moment weather in low positive air temperatures may be one of the factors of urolithiasis risk in population of the Primorsky Territory. Climatic factors should be taken into consideration in planning primary prophylaxis of this disease in the Primorsky Territory.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Treatment of patients with neuromuscular disease in a warm climate].

BACKGROUND: Several patient groups request treatment in a warm climate, in spite of the fact that the effects of such treatment are undocumented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 47 children and 40 adults with neuromuscular diseases were recruited, stratified according to sex, use or non-use of electric wheelchair, primary myopathy or hereditary neuropathy, and randomised into two adult and two children groups. The patients were treated in a rehabilitation centre, either on Lanzarote or in Norway. All patients were monitored with physical tests and questionnaires at the start of the study, at the end of the treatment period, after three months (all groups) and after six months (adults only). RESULTS: No significant differences in effect between the groups were found. In the warm climate, the adult patient group showed a statistically significant improvement regarding pain, quality of life, depression, and results of physical tests at the end of treatment. After three months, the improvement in physical tests was still present. Among adult patients treated in Norway, improvement in physical tests was statistically significant after three months, but not at the end of the treatment period. INTERPRETATION: This study did not show a statistically significant difference between patients with various neuromuscular diseases treated in a warm climate compared to similar patients treated in Norway.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Simulated distributions of Baltic Sea-ice in warming climate and consequences for the winter habitat of the Baltic ringed seal.

Sea-ice in the Baltic Sea in present and future climates is investigated. The Rossby Centre Regional Atmosphere-Ocean model was used to perform a set of 30-year-long time slice experiments. For each of the two driving global models HadAM3H and ECHAM4/OPYC3, one control run (1961-1990) and two scenario runs (2071-2100) based upon the SRES A2 and B2 emission scenarios were conducted. The future sea-ice volume in the Baltic Sea is reduced by 83% on average. The Bothnian Sea, large areas of the Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Riga, and the outer parts of the southwestern archipelago of Finland will become ice-free in the mean. The presented scenarios are used to study the impact of climate change on the Baltic ringed seal (Phoca hispida botnica). Climate change seems to be a major threat to all southern populations. The only fairly good winter sea-ice habitat is found to be confined to the Bay of Bothnia.

Baltic States↗
PubMed2004

[Pheno-climatic profiles of vegetation based on multitemporal analysis of satellite data].

Satellite Remote Sensing offers numerous advantages: study of large areas in a short time, study of areas with not easy accessibility, synoptic observation of territory, multitemporal observations of the same area, monitoring land modifications and change detection studies. The effectiveness of using satellite images for studying and mapping vegetation and land use has been stressed since the early 1980s. The photosynthetically active vegetation presents a very characteristic spectral response. In fact, leaves absorb red radiation (RED) in order to do photosynthetic process and reflect almost completely near infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The most diffused index for quantifying photosynthetically active biomass is the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index): NDVI = (NIR-RED)/(NIR+RED). The NDVI is calculated, for each pixel of the images analysed, through an appropriate software. Low values of NDVI correspond to scarcely vegetated areas, while high values indicate densely vegetated ones. In order to distinguish among vegetation typologies we need some images of the same territory, well distributed during the year, showing seasonal variations of vegetation photosynthetic activity. Then it will be e.g. very easy distinguish between evergreen species (with NDVI almost steady during the year) and deciduous ones. Several types of sensors aboard some satellites allow different investigations to be done. AVHRR sensor on NOAA and TM sensor on Landsat are among the best known sensors available. They have different characteristics as for spectral resolution (number of spectral bands), spatial resolution (size of each elementary cell) and temporal resolution (the period of the satellite passes on the same territory). Vegetation phenology (including biomass and photosynthetic activity) heavily depends on climatic factors. The most important are: solar radiance, with an annual cycle and maximum at summer solstice; air temperature, (depending on solar radiance) with an annual cycle and maximum more than one month later; water availability, which is strongly dependent on rainfalls; in the Mediterranean area they can have an annual cycle (maximum during winter) or a six-monthly one (maxima near the equinoxes). Having a set of multitemporal satellite data (e.g. 12 monthly NOAA-AVHRR images) we can use a mathematical model able to discriminate annual and six-monthly cycles. Through Fourier analysis, the mathematical model calculate, for each pixel of the image, the parameters of the annual NDVI profile and create a synthetic image (pheno-climatic map), in which the values of the three RGB components (Red, Green, Blue ) are proportional to the integral of the NDVI profile for the following three periods: B=Nov-Feb G=Mar-Jun R=Jul-Oct. A similarly analysis is possible with Landsat satellite data, which have a higher spatial resolution, given that some shrewdness are taken. In fact, it is necessary to select satellite images according to the presence of cloud cover, which is--over the Italian peninsula--quite common during the March-April and October-November intervals. The purpose of carrying out pheno-climatic maps can be accomplished using 6 Landsat-TM images well-distributed during a year, every two months, even if the images have been taken during different years.

Biomass↗
PubMed2005

[Wave-type time series variation of the correlation between NDVI and climatic factors].

Based on the 1992-1996 data of 1 km monthly NDVI and those of the monthly precipitation and mean temperature collected by 400 standard meteorological stations in China, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of the correlation between NDVI and climatic factors in different climate districts of this country. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between monthly precipitations and NDVI. The wave-type time series model could simulate well the temporal dynamic changes of the correlation between NDVI and climatic factors, and the simulated results of the correlation between NDVI and precipitation was better than that between NDVI and temperature. The correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.91 and 0.86, respectively for the whole country.

Climate↗