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At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

New aspects of intranuclear structures following partial decondensation of chromatin: a cytochemical and high-resolution autoradiographical study.

Exposure of cultured CVI monkey kidney cells to a hypotonic medium containing a nonionic detergent induces a partial decondensation of nuclear components which can be studied advantageously in ultrathin sections. In addition to previously described 20--25 nm, DNA-containing chromatin fibres arrayed perpendicularly to the nuclear lamina, a new nuclear configuration was found which consists of abundant clusters of 6--7 nm fibrils. These 'filamentous masses' are the most heavily labelled component of the nucleus in autoradiographs after brief (2 min) exposure to [5-3H]uridine, and they are greatly diminished in number after treatment of the cells with a low dose of actinomycin D. Therefore, we interpret the filamentous masses to be nascent RNP and to represent the fibrillar regions of the nucleolus which have become decondensed into partially spread 'Christmas-tree'-like figures detectable in situ in ultrathin sections. Similar structures occur in all cell types examined to date. This paper outlines the preparative procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Respiratory and acid-base responses during migration and to exercise by the terrestrial crab Discoplax (Cardisoma) hirtipes, with regard to season, humidity and behaviour.

The terrestrial crab Discoplax hirtipes (formerly Cardisoma hirtipes) exhibits a seasonally dichotomous activity pattern governed by the seasonal rainfall on Christmas Island, with a breeding migration in the wet season. Greater activity in the wet season reflects a release of constraints on ion and water balance independent of changes in exercise physiology. The respiratory responses to walking exercise by D. hirtipes were assessed with regard to humidity and season. In the laboratory, crabs walked 38% faster when humidity was high, while the O(2) uptake across the lung became diffusion limited despite a Ca(2+)-induced increase in O(2) affinity of the haemocyanin. Crabs walking in 90% relative humidity exhibited a larger metabolic acidosis while re-oxidation of l-lactate was only 0.49 mmol l(-1) h(-1). The wet-season crabs were more active and exhibited a respiratory acidosis compared with the quiescent dry-season crabs. The migration was close to the limit of the aerobic scope of the crabs, and the pulmonary oxygen partial pressure (P(O(2))) was depressed, the O(2) uptake diffusion limited and the arterial-venous P(O(2)) difference diminished. Additional, enforced exercise induced a metabolic acidosis. The optimum strategy for migration would be walking continuously but at a speed within the aerobic scope. D. hirtipes is influenced by seasonal rain and responds to lower ambient humidity by limiting exercise. The behavioural response is paramount since the changes in respiratory status were determined primarily by the differences in commitment to, and investment in, walking and not by direct effects of humidity on respiratory physiology.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

'Get it on' in the millennium.

Over the Christmas and New Year period the Health Education Authority launched a sexual health promotion campaign aimed at increasing the awareness of and reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy. We undertook a study to assess the effect of this campaign locally in 2 genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics. From our study we concluded the following: (1) Although rarely performed, it is possible to assess the effectiveness of health promotion campaigns. (2) Genitourinary medicine clinics provide a good forum for the assessment of such campaigns. (3) The information obtained from such assessments can be valuable for effective targeting of future campaigns.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed2006

Videophone support for an eight-year-old boy undergoing paediatric bone marrow transplantation.

We report the use of an Internet-based videophone to support a child undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Over the Christmas period, an eight-year-old boy with an underlying diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a history of absconding and aggressive non-compliant behaviour was treated by BMT. We installed an Internet-based videophone in the patient's hospital room two days post-transplant. A second videophone was installed in the patient's home and used the existing home telephone line. In all, 14 videophone calls were made over a nine-day period. The videophone improved interfamily social and emotional support, and appeared to reduce some of the inherent anxiety and distress resulting from paediatric bone marrow transplantation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Keeping the ball in the air: contact in long-distance friendships.

As people continue to be more mobile, maintenance behaviors for long-distance friendships will continue to be a part of the relocation experience. In this qualitative study, 25 women age 45 and over, who had relocated a number of times, were asked to talk about how their friendships had transitioned to being long-distance relationships and what current maintenance behaviors entailed. Communication was a major theme involving electronic mail (e-mail), Christmas cards, telephone calls, and visits. Results from the current study suggest that maintaining the perception of the existence of a well-connected social support system could be accomplished with a single, annual contact. Further, the long-distance friendship biographies explored in this study provided characteristics of friendship maintenance behavior that could be grouped into three main categories forming a proposed typology of long-distance friendship maintenance.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Statistical analysis of the seasonal variation in the twinning rate.

There have been few secular analyses of the seasonal variation in human twinning and the results are conflicting. One reason for this is that the seasonal pattern of twinning varies in different populations and at different periods. Another reason is that the statistical methods used are different. The changing pattern of seasonal variation in twinning rates and total maternities in Denmark was traced for three periods (1855-69, 1870-94, and 1937-84). Two alternative methods of analysis are considered. The method of Walter and Elwood and a trigonometric regression model give closely similar results. The seasonal distribution of twin maternities for the periods in the 19th century showed highly significant departures. For both twin and general maternities, the main peaks can be seen from March to June and a local peak in September. During the spring-summer season the twinning rates were higher than the total birth rates, indicating a stronger seasonal variation for the twin maternities than for the general maternities. For 1937-84, there was a similar, but less accentuated, pattern. Studies of other populations are compared with the Danish results. The more accentuated seasonal variation of twinning in the past indicate that some factors in the past affected women during summer-autumn and around Christmas time, making them more fecund and particularly to be more prone to polyovulation and/or more able to complete a gestation with multiple embryos.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed2000

Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) emergence in relation to burial depth of brood logs.

The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), is an exotic pest of pines, Pinus spp., that was first found in the United States in 1992. A federal quarantine currently regulates movement of pine Christmas trees and pine nursery stock from infested to uninfested counties. The current national Pine Shoot Beetle Compliance Management Program requires T. piniperda-infested brood material to be disposed of by burning, chipping, or burial. The burial option requires that the infested pine material be buried at a depth of at least 30 cm. We tested this requirement by burying logs with similar levels of infestation at 0, 15, 30, 45, 61 and 76 cm and then monitoring for T. piniperda emergence. Logs were buried at two times during larval development (early and late) and in two soil types (sandy loam and loam). Emergence patterns from the two soil types were similar. Overall, 1,747 T. piniperda adults were collected from the 24 exposed control logs, but only 34 adults from the 120 buried logs, including 24 adults from logs buried at 15 cm, eight adults from 30 cm, one adult from 45 cm, and one adult from 61 cm. In comparing mean emergence density from buried logs with that of exposed logs, 98.6% mortality occurred at 15 cm, 99.5% at 30 cm, and > 99.9% at > or = 45 cm. Mean date of T. piniperda emergence to the soil surface was affected by burial depth and burial date, but not soil type.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Geophysical variables and behavior: LX. Lonquimay and Alhué, Chile: tension from volcanic and earthquake hazard.

This study assesses the effect of trait anxiety scores on subjects' responses to volcanic eruption hazard and earthquake hazard in Lonquimay and Alhué, respectively. Lonquimay is located in the southern Chilean Andes and Alhué is located in central Chile in the Coastal Range. The former was afflicted by a volcanic eruption which commenced on Christmas Day 1988 and the latter by an earthquake on March 3, 1985. Expectations of high damage and fear from a radio hazard prediction were associated with high trait-anxiety scores in the Alhué sample while positive adjustments to extenuate the hazard effect reached significance for the Lonquimay sample.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The "style scheme" grounds perception of paintings.

We studied the formation of style scheme (identification of the style that characterizes an artist) presenting 100 participants aesthetic visual stimuli. Participants were Spanish university students who volunteered: 72 women, 28 men of mean age 22.8 yr. Among those 50 were enrolled in History of Art and 50 students in Psychology. Stimuli belonged to different categories--High Art (pictures of well-known artists, like Van Gogh)/Popular Art (decorative pictures like Christmas postcards) and Representational (pictures with explicit meaning content, like a landscape)/Abstract (pictures without explicit meaning content, like Pollock's colored stains). Analysis using Signal Detection Theory techniques focused on how participants discriminate representational and abstract pictures. With High Art stimuli, participants can better discriminate representational paintings than abstract ones. However, the difference in discrimination between representational and abstract pictures diminishes among participants studying History of Art. It seems that prior education in art favors forming style schemes and to some extent enables the participant to detect the "meaning" in High Art abstract paintings.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Inhibition of Hageman factor, plasma thromboplastin antecedent, thrombin and other clotting factors by phenylglyoxal hydrate (38500).

Exposure of purified Hageman factor (HF, Factor XII) to phenylglyoxal hydrate (PHG), an agent reacting with arginine residues in protein, inhibited its coagulant properties upon subsequent exposure of negatively charged agents. Once HF had been exposed to kaolin or ellagic acid, however, subsequent addition of PHG was much less inhibitory. PHG had no effect upon the ability of HF to bind to negatively charged surfaces. PGH also inhibited preparations of activated PTA (Factor XI) and thrombin, and, when incubated with plasma, reduced the titer of coagulable fibrinogen, PTA Christmas factor (Factor IX), antihemophilic factor (Factor VIII), Factor VII, Stuart factor (Factor X), proaccelerin (Factor V) and prothrombin (Factor II), and to a lesser degres, HF.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed2004

OzFoodNet: enhancing foodborne disease surveillance across Australia: quarterly report, 1 October to 31 December 2003.

A key feature of the quarter was the significant number of outbreaks of gastroenteritis spread by person-to-person transmission, especially in outbreaks of norovirus. There were also a large number of outbreaks of foodborne illness prior to Christmas 2003. Also important have been the significant efforts to investigate outbreaks relating to oysters imported from Japan. These oyster related outbreaks highlight the importance of norovirus as a cause of foodborne gastroenteritis with potential for international spread.

Annual Reports as Topic↗
PubMed2004

[Day at menarche, "fiesta" expectancy and "memory bias"].

BACKGROUND: The photoperiod and temperature were ruled out as main factors of the annual menarche rhythm. Vacations associate to peaks and study periods to troughs of menarche. Some months show contradictory behavior according to their vacation-study condition. AIM: To test the hypothesis that menarche occurs mainly in relation to fiesta or celebration (birthdays, holidays, and vacations) expectancies. To refute the memory bias in recording the day at menarche. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Girls from Santiago, Chile (3,957) and Medellin, Colombia (3,616) were asked about the date of birth and menarche. RESULTS: In both cities, menarche occurred more commonly at birthday, Christmas-New Year, Day of the Independence, other holidays and days at vacation. The bias of memory was refuted because in both cities important holidays did not have excesses of menarche and some non-holidays had excesses; the distribution of menarches in the neighbor of peaks was often a left biased bell, with accessory peaks, and menarches/day over the expected mean (in agreement with the fiesta expectancy), and not a U shaped distribution (as expected by the memory bias); menarche distributed homogeneously on days of the week. CONCLUSIONS: The fiesta expectancy appears as a cause of the menarche rhythm. The bias of memory does not produce detectable effects. Evidence for recruitment of menarches and synergism between fiesta expectancy and vacations were found.

Bias↗
PubMed1997

Pediatric malaria in Houston, Texas.

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all infants and children (< 18 years of age) with the discharge diagnosis of malaria who were admitted to the four major pediatric teaching hospitals in Houston, Texas from January 1988 through December 1993. Thirty-four cases of pediatric malaria were identified in three newborns, 22 travelers, and nine recent immigrants. The travel destination was West Africa in 68%, Central America in 14%, India in 14%, and unknown in 4%. The location of the child's and parents' birthplace was available in 77% of the travel-related cases and in all cases the destination of travel was the parents' country of origin. The peak incident of the travel-related cases was late summer and early January corresponding to return from summer or Christmas vacation. Sixteen (75%) of the 22 travel-related cases had received either no prophylaxis (12 of 22) or inadequate (4 of 22) chemoprophylaxis. Half of the patients who were given appropriate chemoprophylaxis admitted to poor compliance. The clinical presentation was usually nonspecific. Fever was the most common symptom (97%) and was paroxysmal in one-third. Splenomegaly was the most common physical finding (68%). The malaria species identified included Plasmodium falciparum (56%), P. vivax (23%), P. malariae (3%), and unidentified (18%). Moderate anemia (hemoglobin level = 7.0-10 g/dL) occurred in 38% and severe anemia (hemoglobin level < 7.0 g/dL) in 29%. Three patients required transfusion. There were no end-organ complications. In summary, pediatric malaria in Houston was primarily seen in immigrants or children of immigrants who returned to their native country. Education and preventive strategies should target these families and should be part of the routine well child care of these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carols in the wind.

AIM: To compare mood and emotional responses to music played on pipe organs and pipeless (digital) organs. DESIGN: A two-organ (pipe v. digital) crossover study. SETTING: St Theodore's Anglican Church, Adelaide. SUBJECTS: 43 non-musician volunteers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in mood and emotions measured by the Profile of Mood States. RESULTS: Both instruments produced significant reductions in the emotions commonly experienced during the Christmas season: tension-anxiety, depression-rejection, anger-hostility and fatigue. There were no significant changes for vigour or confusion-bewilderment, and no significant differences between the mood-altering effects of the two instruments. CONCLUSIONS: Pipeless organs are as effective as pipe organs in inducing beneficial mood changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Community health nursing--shelter from the storm.

The East Coast experienced a debilitating storm just before Christmas 1992. Nurses went above and beyond the call of duty to care for their community; from their exemplary work, one agency developed a policy to prepare the entire community so that the next disaster won't be a disaster.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1995

Cataracts in systemic diseases and syndromes.

A comprehensive review of the ophthalmic literature on cataracts during the past year is presented. Topics covered include new epidemiologic associations, diabetic cataracts, and syndromes involving cataracts. Data from the Beaver Dam Eye Study suggest the presence of a recessive gene for nuclear sclerosis. Estrogen exposure may decrease the risk of nuclear sclerosis. The effects of amiodarone, propranolol, and lovastatin on the lens are discussed. Electron microscopy studies have furthered our understanding of diabetic cataracts and the rare Christmas tree cataract. Two new studies support the adverse effect of extracapsular cataract extraction on diabetic retinopathy. New associations between neurofibromatosis 2 and the lens will aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Other ocular and systemic syndromes are discussed.

Amiodarone↗
PubMed1976

Failure of immunosuppression in a severe haemophilia B patient with specific antibody.

Prevention of a secondary response to factor IX by cyclophosphamide was attempted in an 11 year old patient with severe Christmas disease. An antibody to factor IX had been present for 4 years before immunosuppressive therapy was tried. Despite profound lymphopenia, synthesis of factor IX antibody was not depressed. The difficulties of modifying the anamnestic response to factor IX by chemical immunosuppression may be as real as has been reported for factor VIII in classical haemophilia.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1999

[Changes in cytoskeletal proteins in childhood cataract lenses].

PURPOSE: Approximately 50% of congenital and childhood cataract seen in the clinic is of undetermined origin. Biochemical analysis of the cataracts is rare. This study analyzes lens proteins to determine the mechanism of congenital and childhood cataracts. METHOD: We analyzed the lens proteins from 10 young patients after cataract operations, using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), densitometry analysis, and western immunoblotting. RESULTS: Densitometry of separated proteins showed a decrease in the high molecular protein bands of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC). Specifically, spectrin (235 kDa), filensin (100 kDa), and vimentin (57 kDa) were absent from the SDS-PAGE of PSC. Increases in filensin and vimentin were observed in a Christmas tree cataract and lamellar cataracts. Western immunoblots confirmed the densitometry of SDS-PAGE. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that changes in cytoskeletal proteins may contribute to congenital and childhood cataract.

Adolescent↗