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PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone. Report of a case.

The case of a 31-year-old man with a neck mass of 7 months' duration is described. An X-ray examination showed a tumor originating from the right greater horn of the hyoid bone that pushed the larynx and pharynx to the left. Upon visual inspection the tumor seemed to be cartilaginous in nature. Histologically it was a well-differentiated chondrosarcoma that originated from the periphery of the hyoid bone. Ultrastructural study demonstrated an abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, a particularly well-developed Golgi apparatus, and pleomorphic microvilli. 10 months after excision, a local recurrence invaded the primary marrow spaces of the hyoid bone. A review of the literature indicates that the prognosis of this tumor is unfavorable and that the recurrence of hyoid bone chondrosarcoma generally is less differentiated than the primary tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Poorly differentiated ("dedifferentiated") chondrosarcoma].

Out of 162 chondrosarcomas studied, 9 were found to be of "dedifferentiated" type. Histological examination established two patterns of the tumor: well-differentiated chondrosarcoma and spindle-shaped sarcoma cells. The survival time was 1.0-2.5 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Radiation-induced chondrosarcoma of the scapula following mastectomy].

In the medical literature we found published four cases of irradiation induced chondrosarcoma of the scapula. We present a fifth one and report about a 63 year old female patient. She underwent a left radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Pre- and postoperatively a local irradiation of 140,00 Gy was applied. After a disease free interval of 18 years a large tumor in the left scapula was histologically confirmed as a chondrosarcoma. All criterias of Cahan for an irradiation induced sarcoma are fulfilled.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Use of cyclophosphane and amphotericin B on patients with disseminated forms of chondrosarcoma].

The results of amphotericin B and cyclophosphamide treatment of 10 cases of chondrosarcoma are discussed. A marked (50-90%) regression of tumors and metastases and complete remission for 3-18 months were observed in 9 cases. Decompression laminectomy resulted in regression of neurologic symptoms in a case of chondrosarcoma disseminated to the spinal column with concomitant constriction of the spinal cord. This effect was obtained during remission following chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Irregular radiation response of a chondrosarcoma.

The DC II mouse chondrosarcoma is a potentially valuable radiobiological tumour system since it has been observed to recover from radiation injury by regrowth from clones that may be counted in histological sections. Unfortunately, the normal growth of this tumour following s.c. implantation in the thigh is irregular both in the time before growth becomes evident and in the rate of growth. The response to radiation is also unreliable since tumours irradiated with the same dose (e.g. 30 Gy) show a range of responses from shrinkage to no detectable change in growth rate. The delay in normal growth can be attributed largely to delays in vascularization while changes in growth rate may be explained by differences in tumour architecture. Radiation response may depend on variations in hypoxic fraction and in relative cellularity. Tumours having the same external dimensions may differ by a factor of 80 in the numbers of tumour cells they contain. This chondrosarcoma may prove a closer model to some human tumours than many transplantable tumours that display regular growth patterns.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microdissection specimens of connective, chondrous, or Bone Tissue of human osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas transplanted to athymic nude mice.

Five osteosarcomas and two chondrosarcomas were microdissected to separate tumor compartments of calcified, chondrous, and connective tissue. The compartments were lyophilized separately and transplanted subcutaneously or intramuscularly into nude mice for three, four, and five weeks, respectively. In three of the osteosarcomas and in one of the chrondrosarcomas, calcified tissue induced ectopic bone formation by the host, while cartilaginous tissue induced ectopic bone formation in one of the osteosarcomas and in one of the chondrosarcomas. The tumor-derived connective tissue did not induce osteogenic response in the host tissue. Thus, the ability to develop an osteoinductive response and to produce bone morphogenetic protein seems to be restricted to the population of cells that eventually will, or have, differentiated into bone or cartilage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Electron microscopy of bone tumors--osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, giant cell tumor of bone.

Six cases of osteosarcoma, 5 cases of chondrosarcoma, and 6 cases of giant cell tumor of bone were studied by electron microscopy. The cells comprising osteosarcoma were basically osteoblasts and in addition to them, malignant chondrocytes, myofibroblasts and undifferentiated cells. The ratio of number of these cells were variable according to the portions designated microscopically as osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic. Previous ultrastructural studies on osteosarcoma have scarcely revealed the presence of myofibroblasts. It is likely that osteosarcoma arises from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells capable of differentiating into various cells such as osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and fibroblasts; especially capable of differentiating into osteoblasts. On the other hand, chondrosarcoma was composed of the cells in the series of maturation from undifferentiated cells to chondrocytes. In high-grade malignant cases, glycogen particles and rough endoplasmic reticulum became less conspicuous, and occasionally malignant multinucleated cells were seen. In one case, endoplasmic reticular inclusions which were thought to be viral nucleocapsid by some authors were found. They, however, seemed to be formed by condensation of intracisternal granular material secreted by the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The cells comprising giant cell tumor of bone were multinucleated giant cells and stromal cells classified into four types. In a malignant case, giant cells showed no remarkable morphological change while stromal cells underwent an atypical change. This finding suggests that the mononuclear stromal cells are the principal tumor cells and the establishment of histological grading should mainly depend on the atypism of stromal cells. The tumor is likely to originate from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells which have the tendency of histiocytic and fibroblastic differentiation. The morphogenesis of multinucleated giant cells is not clarified in this study. Although the possibility that stromal cells are the origin of giant cells is still remained, it could also be speculated that giant cells are somehow related to immune response to the tumor having macrophage-related origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of tunicamycin on insulin binding and on proteoglycan synthesis and distribution in Swarm rat chondrosarcoma cell cultures.

Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of dolichol-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine formation and hence an inhibitor of N-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, suppressed total proteoglycan synthesis by Swarm rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes without affecting the size of the proteoglycan molecule, its secretion from the cell, or its ability to be retained in the extracellular matrix. In addition, tunicamycin did not substantially alter the ability of the chondrocytes to polymerize glycosaminoglycan onto an exogenous beta-D-xyloside acceptor. A secondary effect of tunicamycin suppression of proteoglycan synthesis was that a lesser amount of newly synthesized proteoglycan diffused from the extracellular matrix into the culture medium. The ability of exogenous hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan to increase the percentage of newly synthesized 35S-proteoglycan in the medium in tunicamycin-treated cultures indicates that matrix retention of 35S-proteoglycan is related to the total extracellular uronic acid content rather than to the presence or absence of mannose oligosaccharides bound to the proteoglycan molecule. These noncytotoxic concentrations of tunicamycin (33-333 ng/ml) decreased [3H]mannose incorporation to the same extent that they decreased total [35S]sulfate and [3H]serine incorporation, and caused the chondrocyte to synthesize and secrete a species of beta-hexosaminidase that was mannose-deficient as assessed by its failure to bind to concanavalin A. The additional finding of decreased insulin binding to tunicamycin-treated chondrosarcoma chondrocytes suggested that the inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis was due to diminution of receptors which respond to stimulatory hormones.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of collagen synthesis by different categories of human chondrosarcoma in organ culture.

Accurate diagnosis of the degree of malignancy of individual chondrosarcomas is a difficult problem for the orthopedist. To determine whether certain biochemical and metabolic parameters might provide a useful supplement to roentgenologic and histologic evaluations, 19 human chondrosarcomas were analyzed for DNA and collagen content, and for 3H-proline incorporation into 3H-hydroxyproline and total protein. When these values were compared by estimated tumor grade (benign, low, or high) and by tissue type (hyaline, fibrous, myxoid, or mixed), collagen content, synthesis, and total protein synthesis appeared to vary inversely with apparent degree of malignancy, suggesting that different levels of transformation may be represented in these tumors. These measurements may provide a useful adjunct to histologic and roentgenologic evaluations to more accurately predict the degree of malignancy and the tendency of individual tumors to metastasize.

Chondrosarcoma↗
PubMed1980

Clear cell chondrosarcoma.

Three cases of clear cell chondrosarcoma are presented. This variety of chondrosarcoma should be differentiated most of all from chondroblastoma and osteoblastoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hormone responsiveness of a transplantable rat chondrosarcoma: III. ultrastructural evidence of in vivo hormone dependence.

The effects of growth hormone (GH) and/or cortisone and thyroxine (T4) treatment on the ultrastructure of the transplantable Swarm rat chondrosarcoma grown in hypophysectomized rats were studied. Marked atrophy of the tumor occurred when it was grown in hypophysectomized rats. Maximal restoration of tumor growth in hypophysectomized rats was achieved when cortisone, T4, and GH were administered in combination. An intermediate degree of tumor growth restoration was observed when tumor-bearing hypophysectomized rats were given cortisone and T4 or GH alone. Cortisone and T4 treatment was associated with increased rough endoplasmic reticulum and nucleolar enlargement, while GH treatment was associated with marked dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum. When GH, cortisone, and T4 were given in combination, a marked increase in exocytotic/pinocytotic vesicles and apparent deposition of cartilage matrix were noted. The data indicate that GH has dramatic influences on the tumors and, when GH, cortisone, and T4 are administered together, these hormones have a synergistic effect on the growth of the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[A case of intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma--changes observed by computed tomography before and after radiotherapy (author's transl)].

Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is very rare, only 14 cases being reported in Europe and in the United States of America. Recently we experienced a case in which the follow-up indicating computed tomograms (CT) demonstrated interesting data on the radiosensitivity of this tumor. The patient, a 14-year-old female was admitted to out hospital with the complaint of left hemiplegia which had gradually progressed. CT revealed an area spreading upward from the right median base of the skull and consisted of two components showing (A) a density as high as that of calcium and (B) a density higher than that of surrounding brain tissue, but much lower than that of calcium. Temporoparietal craniotomy was performed to react approximately one-half of the tumor. Histological finding revealed mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The component-A was though to be a cartilaginous tissue, and-B to be an undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue. Postoperative irradiation of 7,000 rad was initiated. The effect of radiotherapy as seen on computed tomograms is as follows, (1) decrease in the volume of the tumor by 26%, (2) decrease in density and enhancement of the area which is considered to be the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, (3) mild reduction of the area which is considered to be the cartilaginous tissue, and (4) a very high density of the entire tumor similar in degree to that of the bone one year later. These results suggested that radiotherapy is effective for this tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Chondrosarcoma of bone. The experience at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli.

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 125 patients with chondrosarcoma seen at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli. All of the patients had been followed for at least five years, and ninety-six patients had been followed for at least ten years. The requirements for the adequacy of treatment were carefully defined. Metastasis and survival were related to the histological grade of the tumor. Nine per cent of the grade-1 lesions and 44 per cent of the grade-3 lesions metastasized. Ninety-four per cent of the patients with grade-1 lesions survived for five years, compared with only 44 per cent of patients with grade-3 lesions. The ten-year survival rates were 87 per cent and 27 per cent, respectively. Adequacy of treatment had an important influence on the incidence of recurrence, length of survival, and length of disease-free survival. The incidence of recurrence in adequately treated patients was 6 per cent, but in inadequately treated patients it was 69 per cent. The five-year survival rates in these two groups were 81 per cent and 53 per cent, respectively. Seventy-eight per cent of the adequately treated patients were disease-free at follow-up (mean, 11.1 years) compared with only 6 per cent of the inadequately treated patients. We compared the results of this review with those of other reviews of chondrosarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the soft tissues.

The authors report a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the soft tissues. They review the characteristics of this neoplasm, with particular reference to the differential diagnosis with chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, haemangiopericytoma and reticulosarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.

A patient with an intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that simulated an arteriovenous malformation angiographically is described. The tumor was removed radically with a fatal outcome due to progressive, hemorrhagic swelling of the brain. The factors that could have been responsible for this outcome are analyzed. Other reported cases of intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are summarized and three additional cases from our institution are added. Salient pathological and clinical features of these tumors are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Subcutaneous involvement after a metacarpal chondrosarcoma. Case report and review of literature.

The relatively high probability of local recurrence after excision of chondrosarcomas has been attributed to the avascularity of the cartilage tumor matrix, making the neoplastic cells less dependent on an extrinsic blood supply. This report is of a case of subcutaneous involvement by chondrosarcoma from a metacarpal to a site on the ipsilateral forearm several centimeters remote from the resection incision in the absence of local recurrence or pulmonary metastases. The pertinent literature regarding cutaneous involvement, local recurrence, and transplantation of cartilage neoplasms is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chondrosarcoma of the lung].

The description of this rare tumor in a male of 68 is reported. Clinical symptoms were hemoptysis, fever; was hospitalized with a suspicion of tuberculosis recurrence. Roentgenologically atelectasis of upper lobe of the right lung and obturation of the corresponding bronchus. Tumour had a diameter of 3 cm, histologically chondrosarcoma of the II degree of maturation with the inclusion of small cell sarcomatous areas (chondrosarcoma with a "mesenchymal" sarcomatous component).

Aged↗